The successful implementation of early interventions (EIs) within families is crucial in mitigating language and developmental delays in young children. Considering that language acquisition ...primarily occurs through interactions between caregivers and children, parental involvement plays a significant role in EI services. Working within families where one parent interferes with the involvement of the child's other parent or caregiver can be challenging for service providers. This article examines parental gatekeeping-a concept from the family science literature that can have a significant impact on services provided by speech language pathologists (SLPs). We outline and provide examples of family dynamics that may pose challenges to SLPs working with young children and their families as well as provide strategies for effectively navigating and working within these dynamics.
Objective: To develop and test a measure that comprehensively captures the concept of maternal gatekeeping. Background: Maternal gatekeeping encompasses the ways in which mothers restrict or support ...father involvement with children. We proposed a three-dimensional (Encouragement, Discouragement, and Control) model of gatekeeping to describe the nuances of the maternal gatekeeping, but no measures have yet been developed that provide scholars with a way to empirically test the theoretical model. Method: Data were collected from 256 mothers and 204 fathers of children between 3 and 7 years of age. A panel of national experts and parents established face validity, and a 3-factor solution resulted in separate models for mothers andfathers. Results: Correlations between the subscales and 2 established measures of gatekeeping and coparenting were examined to establish construct validity; the new measures correlated in expected ways. Conclusion: The use of different items for mothers andfathers will allow scholars to account for differences depending on whether the reporter is engaged in gatekeeping or the recipient of gatekeeping behavior. Implications: The new measure may be a useful tool for researchers attempting to measure maternal gatekeeping as a multidimensional construct.
Rethinking Maternal Gatekeeping Puhlman, Daniel J.; Pasley, Kay
Journal of family theory & review,
September 2013, Volume:
5, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This article offers a new definition and an expanded conceptual model of maternal gatekeeping derived from the extant literature and critiques offered by scholars and applied to fathering. Typically, ...maternal gatekeeping is conceptualized as the mothers' ability to restrict fathers' involvement with children. We redefine maternal gatekeeping as a set of complex behavioral interactions between parents, where mothers influence father involvement through their use of controlling, facilitative, and restrictive behaviors directed at father's childrearing and interaction with children on a regular and consistent basis. We propose a three‐dimensional model (control, encouragement, and discouragement) in which each dimension operates along continua and intersects to result in 8 types of gatekeeping. We explain these types and describe examples of behaviors in terms of their influence on father involvement. We end with suggestions for developing a measure of maternal gatekeeping and for applying the model to better understand how gatekeeping influences and is influenced by family patterns and characteristics.
Ventricular assist devices (VADs) improve survival and quality of life in patients with advanced heart failure, but their use is frequently complicated by infection. There are limited data on the ...microbiology and epidemiology of these infections.
One hundred fifty patients scheduled for VAD implantation were enrolled (2006-2008) at 11 US cardiac centers and followed prospectively until transplantation, explantation for recovery, death, or for 1 year. Eighty-six patients (57%) received HeartMate II devices. Data were collected on potential preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors for infection. Clinical, laboratory, and microbiological data were collected for suspected infections and evaluated by an infectious diseases specialist. Thirty-three patients (22%) developed 34 VAD-related infections with an incidence rate of 0.10 per 100 person-days (95% confidence interval, 0.073-0.142). The median time to infection was 68 days. The driveline was the most commonly infected site (n=28); 18 (64%) were associated with invasive disease. Staphylococci were the most common pathogen (47%), but pseudomonas or other Gram-negative bacteria caused 32% of infections. A history of depression and elevated baseline serum creatinine were independent predictors of VAD infection (adjusted hazard ratio=2.8 P=0.007 and 1.7 P=0.023, respectively). The HeartMate II was not associated with a decreased risk of infection. VAD infection increased 1-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio=5.6; P<0.0001).
This prospective, multicenter study demonstrates that infection frequently complicates VAD placement and is a continuing problem despite the use of newer, smaller devices. Depression and renal dysfunction may increase the risk of VAD infection. VAD infection is a serious consequence because it adversely affects patient survival.
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01471795.
This article presents a conceptual model drawing from family systems theory that focuses on the intersection of coparenting and routine development and maintenance as a key process in family ...management. The importance of both coparenting and routines for family management has been clearly articulated in the literature; however, how they impact one another and work together in family management has not been conceptualized. After briefly reviewing the literature, we articulate a model of family management that includes the establishment, monitoring, and adjustment of routines, orchestrated by the coparental subsystem. We then explore the intersection of coparenting and routine development, examining how both systems of family management influence each other. We argue that when coparenting and routines work effectively together, the result is greater levels of family integrity and continuity. Finally, we provide suggestions for further empirical work and practical implications.
Abstract Objective This study examined family dynamics that are common in families experiencing elder family financial exploitation (EFFE) using an innovative analytical protocol, qualitative ...genogram analysis. Background EFFE is a form of elder abuse that affects many older adults and their families. Individual factors associated with EFFE have been examined, but what is missing is a greater focus on the complex family dynamics that contribute to this violation of older family members. Method Using qualitative genogram analysis (QGA), a three‐step analytical protocol using family systems theory as a foundation, this study identified key relationship patterns commonly found in families where exploitation had occurred. Family genograms generated from 20 interviewees representing 20 families that reportedly experienced EFFE were used to identify common family dynamic themes. Results Using QGA, we identified four relational dynamic themes across families: distance and closeness, triangulation, power and dominance, and partner influence. Conclusion These themes illustrate that families experiencing EFFE have several similar relational dynamics, which may have contributed to creating contexts that made older family members more vulnerable to financial exploitation. Implications The findings of this study provide important indicators for practitioners (e.g., family therapists, family life educators, family attorneys) and policymakers in supporting older family members in making better financial decisions later in life.
We conducted a qualitative content analysis of written responses from 148 college men to questions about pregnancy resolution and marriage in the event of an unplanned pregnancy. We used Marsiglio's ...(
1991
) concepts of procreative consciousness and responsibility as a source of theoretical sensitivity during data analysis. Men's written comments were analyzed using a modified version of the grounded theory method of open, axial, and selective coding. Three distinct groups emerged: "I expect to raise my child" (86.5%); "I don't expect to raise the child" (10.1%); and "I expect to let my partner decide" (3.4%). Several subgroups also emerged among men who intended to raise the unplanned child: Yes, I expect to get married; "No, I don't expect to get married"; "I don't know if we'd marry"; and "My partner and I would coparent." Across subgroups, conditional variations and reasons underlying expectations were noted. Much variability was observed in men's descriptions of their procreative responsibility. A majority expressed high expectations for personal obligation and responsibility if involved in an unplanned pregnancy. Future research on men's sexual and reproductive health and procreative consciousness and responsibility are discussed.
Father Role, History of Puhlman, Daniel J.; Pasley, Kay
Encyclopedia of Family Studies,
2016, 2016-03-21
Reference
Fathering has changed considerably over the past century. The father's role has moved from being the moral leader to the breadwinner, advancing into a sex role model and, most recently, becoming more ...nurturing and caring in regular family interactions. The role of the father has been reflected in the shifting ways that scholars identify and measure father involvement using various models that take into account these shifting roles. In addition, other factors such as family structure, father identity, and co‐parenting have been recently identified as having an important influence on contemporary father roles.
Bigamy Karas, Emily; Puhlman, Daniel J.
Encyclopedia of Family Studies,
2016, 2016-03-21
Reference
Bigamy is a form of polygamous marriage in which one individual intentionally and knowingly marries two individuals simultaneously and unbeknownst to each spouse, and is a criminal act in monogamous ...cultures. Bigamy dates back to the the advent of marriage; it is rooted in the history of several religions. Bigamy arose as a result of problematic record keeping, divorce laws, and desertion of spouses. In the early twenty‐first century, bigamy remains illegal in most countries worldwide and all 50 US states; however, it occurs voluntarily as a result of religious beliefs. People who believe they are legally divorced also may unknowingly commit bigamy.
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