Gut microbiome is integral to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. A novel probiotic Lactobacillus intestinalis (L. intestinalis) exerts a protective effect against dextran sodium sulfate‐induced ...colitis in mice. Based on flow cytometry, colitis‐associated Th17 cells are the target of L. intestinalis, which is supported by the lack of protective effects of L. intestinalis in T cell‐null Rag1−/− mice or upon anti‐IL‐17‐A antibody‐treated mice. Although L. intestinalis exerts no direct effect on T cell differentiation, it decreases C/EBPA‐driven gut epithelial SAA1 and SAA2 production, which in turn impairs Th17 cell differentiation. Cometabolism of L. intestinalis ALDH and host ALDH1A2 contributed to elevated biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA), which accounts for the anti‐colitis effect in RAR‐α ‐mediated way. In a cohort of ulcerative colitis patients, it is observed that fecal abundance of L. intestinalis is negatively associated with the C/EBPA‐SAA1/2‐Th17 axis. Finally, L. intestinalis has a synergistic effect with mesalazine in alleviating murine colitis. In conclusion, L. intestinalis and associated metabolites, RA, have potential therapeutic effects for suppressing colonic inflammation by modulating the crosstalk between intestinal epithelia and immunity.
By improving retinoic acid synthesis, a novel probiotic L. intestinalis exerts a protective effect against colitis. Retinoic acid triggers epithelial gene alteration, including SAA1, SAA2, and C/EBPA, to downregulate RORγt+ Th17 cells. L. intestinalis and its associated metabolite, retinoic acid, have potential therapeutic effects for suppressing colonic inflammation.
Quantum random access codes (QRACs) have attracted much attention because of their different properties from random access codes. How to explore and verify optimal QRAC strategies is an important ...research topic in quantum cryptography. In this paper, we focus on optimal
n
→
1
QRACs using single 3-level systems. Here, we present a general upper bound of maximum guess probability of
n
→
1
QRACs using a generalized Bloch sphere representation, and the maximum guess probability is an important indicator to verify whether it is the optimal QRAC. Furthermore, the optimal
2
→
1
and
3
→
1
QRACs are obtained through analytical methods. Finally, tight upper bounds of the maximum guess probability of
2
→
1
and
3
→
1
QRACs are acquired. These results will improve QRAC-based quantum cryptography protocols, such as quantum key distributions, quantum random number generations.
In this paper, we discuss quantum randomness expansion using the unreliable source device and the honest measure device consisting of mutually unbiased bases in 3-dimensional Hilbert space. Then, we ...obtain the relationship between 3-dimensional quantum witness and random number generation rate. Furthermore, the analytic expression of the relationship is given, which is of great significance for security analysis and practical application. This work can be considered a preliminary attempt for semi-device-independent quantum random number extension protocols in 3-dimensional Hilbert space.
Recent advances in deep learning have expanded new possibilities for fluid flow simulation in petroleum reservoirs. However, the predominant approach in existing research is to train neural networks ...using high-fidelity numerical simulation data. This presents a significant challenge because the sole source of authentic wellbore production data for training is sparse. In response to this challenge, this work introduces a novel architecture called physics-informed neural network based on domain decomposition (PINN-DD), aiming to effectively utilize the sparse production data of wells for reservoir simulation with large-scale systems. To harness the capabilities of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) in handling small-scale spatial-temporal domain while addressing the challenges of large-scale systems with sparse labeled data, the computational domain is divided into two distinct sub-domains: the well-containing and the well-free sub-domain. Moreover, the two sub-domains and the interface are rigorously constrained by the governing equations, data matching, and boundary conditions. The accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated on two problems, and its performance is compared against state-of-the-art PINNs through numerical analysis as a benchmark. The results demonstrate the superiority of PINN-DD in handling large-scale reservoir simulation with limited data and show its potential to outperform conventional PINNs in such scenarios.
Multiple fractured horizontal well (MFHW) is widely applied in the development of shale gas. To investigate the gas flow characteristics in shale, based on a new dual mechanism triple continuum ...model, an analytical solution for MFHW surrounded by stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) was presented. Pressure and pressure derivative curves were used to identify the characteristics of flow regimes in shale. Blasingame type curves were established to evaluate the effects of sensitive parameters on rate decline curves, which indicates that the whole flow regimes could be divided into transient flow, feeding flow, and pseudo steady state flow. In feeding flow regime, the production of gas well is gradually fed by adsorbed gases in sub matrix, and free gases in matrix. The proportion of different gas sources to well production is determined by such parameters as storability ratios of triple continuum, transmissibility coefficients controlled by dual flow mechanism and fracture conductivity.
Imbalance of gut microbiota homeostasis is related to the occurrence of ulcerative colitis (UC), and probiotics are thought to modulate immune microenvironment and repair barrier function. Here, in ...order to reveal the interaction between UC and gut microbiota, we screened a new probiotic strain by 16S rRNA sequencing from Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice, and explored the mechanism and clinical relevance. Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii), as a potential anti-inflammatory bacterium was decreased colonization in colitis mice. Gavage L. johnsonii could alleviate colitis by specifically increasing the proportion of intestinal macrophages and the secretion of Il-10 with macrophages depleted model and in Il10
−/−
mice. We identified this subset of immune cells activated by L. johnsonii as CD206
+
macrophages
IL−10
. Mechanistically, L. johnsonii supplementation enhanced the mobilization of CD206
+
macrophages
IL−10
through the activation of STAT3 in vivo and in vitro. In addition, we revealed that TLR1/2 was essential for the activation of STAT3 and the recognition of L. johnsonii by macrophages. Clinically, there was positive correlation between the abundance of L. johnsonii and the expression level of MRC1, IL10 and TLR1/2 in UC tissues. L. johnsonii could activate native macrophages into CD206
+
macrophages and release IL-10 through TLR1/2-STAT3 pathway to relieve experimental colitis. L. johnsonii may serve as an immunomodulator and anti-inflammatory therapeutic target for UC.
Imbalance of gut microbiota homeostasis is related to the occurrence of ulcerative colitis (UC), and probiotics are thought to modulate immune microenvironment and repair barrier function. Here, in ...order to reveal the interaction between UC and gut microbiota, we screened a new probiotic strain by 16S rRNA sequencing from Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice, and explored the mechanism and clinical relevance.
(
), as a potential anti-inflammatory bacterium was decreased colonization in colitis mice. Gavage
could alleviate colitis by specifically increasing the proportion of intestinal macrophages and the secretion of Il-10 with macrophages depleted model and in
mice. We identified this subset of immune cells activated
as CD206
macrophages
. Mechanistically,
supplementation enhanced the mobilization of CD206
macrophages
through the activation of STAT3
and
. In addition, we revealed that TLR1/2 was essential for the activation of STAT3 and the recognition of
by macrophages. Clinically, there was positive correlation between the abundance of
and the expression level of
and
in UC tissues.
could activate native macrophages into CD206
macrophages and release IL-10 through TLR1/2-STAT3 pathway to relieve experimental colitis.
may serve as an immunomodulator and anti-inflammatory therapeutic target for UC.
Considering the geometry of well patterns and the nonlinear features of fluids flow, the calculation formula of Effective Development Coefficient (EDC for short) for triangular patterns in ultra-low ...permeability fault-block oilfields was deduced by applying the stream-tube integral method. The influences of pressure difference, pattern geometry and threshold pressure gradient on EDC were analyzed. The analyses indicated that for ultra-low permeability fault-block oilfields the optimal pattern shape is isosceles/pseudo isosceles triangle. Increasing pressure difference is an effective measure to improve the development effect for relatively high permeability oilfields while reducing well spacing is effective for relatively low ones. This research provides a rapid method to evaluate triangular patterns in ultra-low permeability fault-block oilfields.
