This research project aimed to analyse the biological potential of aqueous,
ethanolic, methanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts of red grape stalks, as
well as lyophilised red grape stalks from Krnjevo ...(Serbia). The
concentration of the total phenols and flavonoids, as well as the
antioxidant activity of the stalk extracts were measured by means of the
spectrophotometric method. In vitro antimicrobial activity of 23 selected
species of microorganisms (13 species of bacteria and 10 species of fungi)
was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and
the minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC). The results indicated that the
highest concentration of total phenols was measured in the ethyl acetate
extract (60.08 mg GAE/g of extract), while the highest total flavonoid
concentration was observed in the acetone extract (34.24 mg RUE/g of
extract). The tested extracts showed poor antioxidant activity compared to
chlorogenic acid. The acetone extract probably showed the strongest
antimicrobial activity due to the high concentrations of phenols and
flavonoids. The tested extracts showed a better effect on Gram-positive
bacteria than on Gram-negative bacteria. Although grape stalks are a
by-product in the wine industry, they are a potential source of natural
compounds which can be used for a variety of purposes in many fields ranging
from the food industry to medicine.
Neuromarketing is one of the newer tools that banks are increasingly using in their marketing in order to fight for a larger number of their clients. Responses provided by 99 entrepreneurs in the ...Summer of 2020 regarding the role of neuromarketing in banking are collected in the research study. In our study, the homogeneity of variances is examined, ANOVA and post hoc analyses applied to see any differences among respondents across age groups, gender, education, and firm size. However, there is no evidence that the perception significantly varies across these categories, although respondents are comparatively more positive than negative when discussing neuromarketing.
The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of extracts and isolated substances from the root of Onosma visianii Clem. (Boraginaceae) by determining the minimum inhibitory ...concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The results show that antifungal activity depends on species of microorganism and the type of substances or extracts. All tested substances showed selective and moderate antifungal activity. MIC and MFC values for the extracts ranged from <0.015 to 15 mg/ml, while those for substances ranged from 0.04 to 5 mg/ml. Among all tested extracts, petroleum ether and methylene chloride in proportion 1:1 (against Penicillium expansum) and acetone extract (against Saccharomyces boulardii) showed the strongest antifungal activity. Among the isolated substances, the most significant was the effect of 5,8-O-dimethyl deoxyshikonin against P. expansum. The results of this study show that both extracts, and the isolated substances can be potentially used in pharmacology, biotechnology, or agriculture.
Achillea ageratifolia subsp. serbica is a poorly investigated endemic of the
Balkan area and there are almost no data about the potential application of
this plant. The purpose of this study was the ...investigation of the
phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm
activity of its water, acetone, and ethyl acetate extracts. The phenolic
composition and flavonoids were established using high-performance liquid
chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) analysis, while
the chemical composition of the ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial parts
of the plant was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC
and GC-MS). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, as well as the
inhibition ability of biofilm formation on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 biofilms, were also investigated. The
total phenolic content ranged from 18.61 mgGAE/g to 43.78 mgGAE/g of
extract. The total flavonoid content ranged from 10.79 mgRUE/g to 34.02
mgRUE/g. The acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial parts
contained chlorogenic acid, myricetin, apigenin, and luteolin. Analysis of
the volatile specialized metabolites in the ethyl acetate extract of the
aerial parts allowed for the identification of thirty-two constituents. The
highest antioxidant activity was detected in the water extract of the aerial
parts of the plant (IC50 = 641.06 ?g/ml) and in the ethyl acetate extract of
the root (IC50 = 675.33 ?g/ml). Bacillus subtilis and S. aureus showed
higher sensitivity to the tested extracts, while the antifungal activity of
the marked extracts was significant. All extracts showed a moderate
inhibitory effect on the ability of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa ATCC
27853, while only the ethyl acetate inflorescence extract showed an effect
on the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The tested extracts
showed the potential for further investigation and possible application as
biofungicides.
The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, as well as the DNA-binding of four square-planar Pd(II) complexes, Pd(terpy)Cl+ (C1), Pd(en)Cl2 (C2), Pd(DMEAImiPr)Cl2 (C3) and Pd(dach)Cl2 (C4) (terpy = ...2,2?:6?,2??- -terpyridine, en = ethylenediamine, dach = trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and DMEAImiPr = N2-((1,3-dihydro-1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethyl)-2H-imidazol-2- ylidene)-N1,N1-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine are reported. The antimicrobial activities of the Pd(II) complexes with the appropriate ligands were tested using the microdilution method against 18 strains of microorganisms, whereby the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) were determined. The antibiofilm activity of Pd(terpy)Cl+ and the corresponding ligand were determined on a formed biofilm. The intensity of antimicrobial activity varied depending on the type of microorganism and the tested compound. The C1 complex with the corresponding ligand demonstrated significantly greater overall antimicrobial activity than C2, C3 and C4. The antibacterial activity of the C1 complex was better than its antifungal activity that was overall greater than that of the positive control, fluconazole. The greatest sensitivity for C1 and L1 was with Penicillium italicum (MIC < 0.49 ?g mL-1) among the fungi, and with Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12453 (MIC = 0.98 ?g mL-1) among the tested bacteria. The tested compounds show low and moderate antibiofilm activity. The complexes showed weak antioxidant properties when tested using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- -picrylhydrazyl) method. The interaction of the metal complexes C1?C4 with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was further examined by absorption (UV?Vis) and emission spectral studies (EthBr displacement studies). Overall, the investigated complexes exhibited good DNA interaction ability.
Water pollution is a constant challenge for humanity. Sustainable economic development and environmental protection through a green economy structure provide the opportunity to project a model of ...scientific, social, and economic flows. Considering new chemical use in water treatment, we tested two
β
-diketonates that we previously synthesized in the reaction between methyl ketone and diethyl oxalate under basic conditions. For water treatment, we used the appropriate salts of the mentioned compounds due to better solubility in water. In cooperation with the partner organizations PUC (public utility companies) Kragujevac, LTD (Private Limited Company), “Rudnik,” and FIAT (Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino
)
, we conducted research on their wastewater treatment. The results appeared to be more convincing in practice than the conventional methods. As a result of the study, no negative effects exerted on living organisms were found. Therefore, we are on the right track for potential application in the treatment of drinking water. Appropriate
β
-diketonates were tested on twelve microorganisms (isolates from the wastewater and standard strains of bacteria and yeast). One of the two tested compounds showed promising antimicrobial activity. Further investigations showed that the tested compounds significantly reduce the concentration of heavy metals, which was confirmed by statistical calculations. Also, the main advantage of this method is a small volume of waste requiring disposal, no need for driving off excess moisture, used recyclability of the coagulants, reducing hazardous waste, and therefore reducing the costs for water treatment.
The authors of this paper have analysed the current and future tendencies in digital marketing communications(DMC). Digital communications are an area of fast and frequent changes that lead to ...shorter communication between the message sender and receiver, thus speeding up the process and making it more complex. In order to survive in a dynamic environment, companies need to be visible and directly linked to their target groups. Moreover, it is vital that they understand well their digital environment and are prepared to take proactive steps to make their marketing communication successful. Acceptance and application of new trends in the field of digital marketing is a milestone in the business of an organization. The need for a proactive approach to changes is evident, as the organizations that first introduce the user-oriented innovations shall receive consumer attention and funds. A detailed and concise review of the current situation and the forecasts for the future are presented, to allow the expert and scientific public to plan future research in this field. An overview of the challenges and opportunities facing this innovative area provides a valuable insight and helps create a successful marketing communications strategy.
A series of twenty two different imidazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives, divided according to their structure into five groups, including alkyl, alkenyl or aryl 5,5disubstituted hydantoins, ...spirohydantoins, and fused bicyclic and tricyclic hydantoins, was synthesized and examined for in vitro antimicrobial activity against 15 strains of bacteria and 4 strains of yeast. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) using the microdilution method. The assayed compounds exerted moderate antibacterial and weak antifungal activity. The antimicrobial activities were influenced by the structure and concentration of the tested compounds as well as the type of test microorganisms. The fused bicyclic hydantoin derivatives obtained by organoselenium induced intramolecular cyclization exhibited the highest inhibitory activity. The examined hydantoin derivatives seem as drug-like candidate for further evaluation of biological activities.
Seven new Zn(II) complexes with quinolin-8-ol halogen derivatives were characterized by X-ray structure analysis as well as by standard analytical methods (IR, NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis). ...They exhibit extremely high but nonselective cytotoxic activity against HCT 116 cells and exceptional antimicrobial activity compared to commercially used drug.
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Seven new zinc(II) complexes, KZn(dClQ)3·2DMF (1), KZn(dClQ)3·2DMF·H2O (2), Zn(dBrQ)2(H2O)2·DMF·H2O (3), Zn(BrQ)2(H2O)2·H2O (4), (HdClQ)2ZnCl4·2H2O (5), Zn(dClQ)2(H2O)2·H2O (6) and Zn(CQ)2(H2O)2 (7) (5,7-dichloroquinolin-8-ol (dClQ), protonated 5,7-dichloroquinolin-8-ol (HdClQ), 5,7-dibromoquinolin-8-ol (dBrQ), 7-bromoquinolin-8-ol (BrQ), 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol (CQ)) have been prepared. All complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and, except 7, by X-ray structure analysis. Stability of complexes in dimethyl sulfoxide was verified by NMR spectra. Antimicrobial activity was tested against nine strains of pathogenic bacteria, five mould species and two yeast species. Cytotoxic activity was tested against colon cancer cell line HCT 116 and non-cancerous cell line CCD-18Co. While all complexes showed higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin, poor selectivity to normal cells was observed.
The main purpose of this paper is to present the modern model of integrated corporate communication. Beside this, the authors will describe the changes occurring in the corporate environment and ...importance of changing the model of corporate communication. This paper also discusses the importance of implementation of the suggested model, the use of new media and effects of these changes on corporations. The approach used in this paper is the literature review. The authors explore the importance of implementation of the suggested model and the new media in corporate communication, both internal and external, addressing all the stakeholders and communication contents. The paper recommends implementation of a modern model of integrated corporate communication as a response to constant development of the new media and generation changes taking place. Practical implications: the modern model of integrated corporate communication can be used as an upgrade of the conventional communication models. This modern model empowers companies to sustain and build up the existing relationships with stakeholders, and to find out and create new relationships with stakeholders who were previously inaccessible and invisible.
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