The appearance of pest insects can lead to a loss in yield if farmers do not respond in a timely manner to suppress their spread. Occurrences and numbers of insects can be monitored through insect ...traps, which include their permanent touring and checking of their condition. Another more efficient way is to set up sensor devices with a camera at the traps that will photograph the traps and forward the images to the Internet, where the pest insect’s appearance will be predicted by image analysis. Weather conditions, temperature and relative humidity are the parameters that affect the appearance of some pests, such as Helicoverpa armigera. This paper presents a model of machine learning that can predict the appearance of insects during a season on a daily basis, taking into account the air temperature and relative humidity. Several machine learning algorithms for classification were applied and their accuracy for the prediction of insect occurrence was presented (up to 76.5%). Since the data used for testing were given in chronological order according to the days when the measurement was performed, the existing model was expanded to take into account the periods of three and five days. The extended method showed better accuracy of prediction and a lower percentage of false detections. In the case of a period of five days, the accuracy of the affected detections was 86.3%, while the percentage of false detections was 11%. The proposed model of machine learning can help farmers to detect the occurrence of pests and save the time and resources needed to check the fields.
Colonies of the European honeybee, the most important pollinator insects, are subjected to many negative impacts of modern society, in form of pollution, pests, invading species and colony collapse ...disorder (CCD). The newly emerging technology of the Internet of Things (IoT), enables remote monitoring using wireless sensors inside beehives. In this paper, we present the model of the system for remote temperature monitoring on a various points inside the beehive colony using IoT devices. Measured data is transmitted to a remote server where received data streams are processed in real-time using Complex Event Processing (CEP) which enables detection of critical events and report it to the beekeeper. These data streams are compared with reference temperature patterns using machine learning algorithms, which give computers the ability to learn to detect events without being explicitly programmed. This system can significantly reduce the beekeeper reaction time and increase chances for a beehive colony overcoming certain types of anomalies with human intervention.
Necessity for seasonal monitoring of economically most important pests in different crops, increase input costs of their surveillance. In maize fields, Western corn rootworm - WCR (Diabrotica ...virgifera sp. virgifera) is economically the most important species and presents a limiting factor for production of maize in continuous cultivation. Its occurrence is usually monitored with pheromone traps. However, as previously mentioned they are time and money consuming due to constant need for field inspections. Since in research projects, finances predefined for weekly inspection of traps are most often non-eligible, there is a need for developing a novel approach for pest monitoring. The use of IT technologies along with commercially available pheromone traps could provide precise information about the situation in traps without frequent field inspections. Also, they are easy to maintain, manipulate and require minimum costs. This work aimed to assess the potential use and the precision of a sensor device with camera, in monitoring the WCR flight on pheromone traps. Sensor device equipped with small camera can capture images of a pheromone trap sticky base and transfer them to a remote server for review, storage and analysis. The main idea in this paper is to present a system that uses a method based on analysis of the image variations of the pheromone pest traps, performed on devices placed in their vicinity which means that sending every image to the server is avoided. In this way, information about the variations in pheromone traps can be found in one location without unnecessarily sending the same images to the server. The obtained results indicate that the proposed method for monitoring the variations of the number of caught specimens on sticky surfaces of pheromone traps, based on the variations of the dark surface on the images, can be a reliable tool in further work.
Nanostructured Ni-Fe-W-Cu alloy powders were electrodeposited from an
alkaline ammonium citrate solution on a titanium cathode. Powder particles
were dendrite- and cauliflower-shaped. The dendritic ...particles had a high
density of branches made up of interconnected globules. XRD analysis showed
that the powder contained an amorphous matrix and FCC nanocrystals of the
solid solution of Fe, W and Cu in Ni. As the deposition current density
increased, the mean nanocrystal size decreased, and the mean value of
internal microstrain and the total weight percent of Fe and Ni in the alloy
increased. The powders deposited at higher current densities exhibited
higher magnetization. During annealing at temperatures up to 460?C, the
powders underwent short-range ordering, which caused an increase in
magnetization, whereas at temperatures above 460?C, the magnetization
decreased due to the formation of large FCC crystalline grains.
Monitoring microclimate parameters in different kind of environments has significant contribution to many areas of human activity and production processes. One of them is vegetable production in ...greenhouses where measurement of its microclimate parameters may influence the decision on taking appropriate action and protect crops. It is also important to preserve optimal condition in greenhouses to facilitate the process of transpiration, plant mineral nutrition and prevent of a variety physiological damage caused by a deficit of some specific nutrients. Systems for monitoring have wide application in the last years thanks to development of modern computer technology. In this paper model of the monitoring system based on smart transducer concept was introduced. Within the system components are based on MSP430 ultra low power micro controllers. They are using wireless communication to exchange data within the system that was structured according to smart transducer concept. User applications from the network could access to system interface using HTTP protocol where web server could be running on the computer or it could be an embedded web server running on micro controller based device.
The blockchain technology is a relatively new approach in the field of information technologies. As one of its first implementations, bitcoin as a cryptocurrency has gained a lot of attention. ...Together with Ethereum, blockchain implementation with focus on smart contracts, they represent the very core of modern cryptocurrency development. This paper is meant to give a brief introduction to these topics.
The hydrogenation of a crystalline Ni-Fe (80 wt.% Ni, 20 wt.% Fe) powder mixture leads to the formation of a mixture of Face Centered Cubic (FCC)-Ni and FCC-Fe phase nanocrystals embedded in an ...amorphous matrix. The magnetic susceptibility of the nanostructured powder is 2.1 times higher than that of the as-produced crystalline mixture. Heating in the temperature range 420-590 K causes structural relaxation in the hydrogenated powder, resulting in an increase of the magnetic susceptibility and a decrease of the electrical resistivity. During the heating procedure, the reorientation of magnetic domains in nickel and iron takes place in the temperature range 580-650 K and 790-850 K, respectively. In the pressed sample from the powder mixture, the crystallization of the amorphous phase of nickel and its FCC lattice crystalline grain growth occurs in the temperature range 620-873 K causing a decrease in the magnetic susceptibility of the nickel FCC phase and a sudden drop in the electrical resistivity. Prolonged heating of the mixed powders at 873K results in the formation of a Ni-Fe solid solution with higher magnetic susceptibility than the starting mixture.
Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept that allows physical objects with computational and sensory support to connect with each other and access services across the Internet. The IoT idea was ...introduced to connect devices through the Internet and facilitate access to information for users. The wide range of potential applications of IoT also includes agriculture, where extensive use of IoT is expected in the future. The aim of this work was to present the IoT concept as a basis for monitoring and control systems used in farm production processes. IoT devices play a key role, with a focus on their realization by available microcontroller platforms and appropriate sensors such as Arduino products. Autonomous sensor devices gather data within monitoring systems and participate in the control process by sending signals to the actuators. Such an IoT based system provides users with the opportunity to remotely monitor conditions and production process. This system enables users to accomplish savings in inputs, achieve cost reduction and trace the production process on the farm.
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