Location detection is studied for many scenarios, such as pointing out the flaws in multiprocessors, invaders in buildings and facilities, and utilizing wireless sensor networks for monitoring ...environmental processes. The system or structure can be illustrated as a graph in each of these applications. Sensors strategically placed at a subset of vertices can determine and identify irregularities within the network. The open locating-dominating set S of a graph G=(V,E) is the set of vertices that dominates G, and for any i,j∈ V(G) N(i)∩S≠N(j)∩S is satisfied. The set S is called the OLD-set of G. The cardinality of the set S is called open locating-dominating number and denoted by γold(G). In this paper, we computed exact values of the prism and prism-related graphs, and also the exact values of convex polytopes of Rn and Hn. The upper bound is determined for other classes of convex polytopes. The graphs considered here are well-known from the literature.
Renewed COVID-19 outbreaks, stemming from the highly infectious Delta and Omicron variants, prompted rising fears of a ‘pandemic among the unvaccinated’. To address this prevalent vaccination crisis, ...media framing communication strategies can amplify the scientific evidence on COVID-19 vaccines to reach diverse geographic and socio-economic communities. The critical role of media framing strategies to engage and encourage large populations regarding vaccine acceptance has been rarely studied, despite growing evidence on vaccine hesitancy. The present study used a multi-method approach (i.e., content analysis and quasi-experiments) that unpacked the framing practices employed by the mainstream media in Pakistan. The findings of the content analysis revealed that the media extensively used uncertainty, conflict, consequences, and action rather than new evidence and reassurance frames in its COVID-19 related campaigns. In a series of quasi-experiments involving 720 participants, we manipulated these six frames of COVID-19 related news coverage (i.e., uncertainty, conflict, consequences, action, new evidence, and reassurance) to investigate the underlying mechanism that influences vaccine acceptance. The findings established that the message-consistent effects of media frames manifesting fear (e.g., consequence and uncertainty) and action cues made receivers more supportive of vaccination. The present study findings theoretically address the calls for a more inclusive “community-health reporting model”, besides offering new evidence on the media framing strategies to deliver more targeted, meaningful, and effective campaigns to raise public acceptance for COVID-19 vaccines.
This study aims to measure the association of real economic growth per capita, renewable energy consumption, and financial development with ecological footprints (EFP) across the 155 countries of ...four different income groups over the period of 1990–2017. For the analysis, the unit root tests allowing cross-sectional dependency, Westerlund cointegration test, common correlated effect of mean group, augmented mean group, mean group, and Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality test are used. The results verify both the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and renewable energy environment Kuznets curve (RKC) hypotheses in the high-income group; however, other groups have not shown reliable results. Moreover, it is observed that the existence of RKC is a turning point for high-income countries, and it takes place before the turning point of the forthcoming EKC. Besides, empirical outcomes endorse the presence of long-run equilibrium and indicate that financial development has a negative and significant effect on the EFP in the case of the high-income group. In contrast, upper–middle– and lower–middle–income groups show the insignificant relationship with the dependent variable. Likewise, financial development has a positive and significant association with EFP for the low-income group. Conversely, biomass energy has a negative relationship with EFP in high- and lower–middle–income groups, while a positive association has been observed for the remaining two groups. We suppose that the study outcomes would guide the policymakers in decision-making regarding the development and usage of renewable energy to prevent environmental damages.
•Infodemics create a false sense of panic, distrust and safety concerns.•We employed a moderated-mediation model of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.•Conspiracy beliefs and religious fatalism alter ...COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.•Digital-informational support and psychological well-being trigger vaccine acceptance.•Our findings validate digital interventions as reliable life-saving COVID-19 knowledge.
Guarding against an anti-science camouflage within infodemics is paramount for sustaining the global vaccination drive. Vaccine hesitancy remains a growing concern and a significant threat to public health, especially in developing countries. Infodemics, conspiracy beliefs and religious fatalism primarily fuel vaccine hesitancy. In addition, anti-vaccine disinformation, lack of understanding, and erroneous religious beliefs also trigger vaccine hesitancy. Global behavioral strategies such as wearing face masks and long-term preventive measures (i.e., COVID-19 vaccination) have effectively limited the virus's spread. Despite the alarming rate of global deaths (i.e., over 99% being unvaccinated), a large proportion of the global population remains reluctant to vaccinate. New evidence validates the usefulness of technology-driven communication strategies (i.e., digital interventions) to address the complex socio-psychological influence of the pandemic. Hence, the present research explored the digital information processing model to assess the interface between informational support (through digital interventions) and antecedents of vaccine hesitancy. This research involved two separate studies: a focus group to operationalize the construct of infodemics, which remained ambiguous in previous literature (Study 1), followed by a cross-sectional survey (Study 2) to examine the conceptual model. Data were collected from 1906 respondents through a standard questionnaire administered online. The focus group’s findings revealed a multi-dimensional nature of infodemics that was also validated in Study 2. The cross-sectional survey results substantiated infodemics, religious fatalism and conspiracy beliefs as significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy. Similarly, conspiracy beliefs negatively influence an individual’s psychological well-being. Furthermore, information support (through digital intervention) affected infodemics and religious fatalism, whereas it inversely influenced the strength of their relationships with vaccine hesitancy. Information support (through digital intervention) also moderated the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and psychological well-being.
This study uses advanced machine learning models to predict stock prices in the Pakistani stock market using 27 technical indicators. It evaluates the predictive capabilities of four techniques, SVM, ...LSTM, and Random Forest for binary classification of stock price movements. ANN and SVM show the highest accuracy at 85%, followed by Random Forest at 84% and LSTM at 78%. Key indicators such as %R, Momentum, and Disparity 5 are critical across all models. The research provides valuable insights for investors and analysts to improve decision-making. It underscores the importance of technical indicators and establishes a data-driven approach to navigating the complexities of the Pakistani stock market. The study further emphasizes the importance of technical indicators and suggests exploring hybrid models that incorporate real-time data, sentiment analysis, and external factors for better stock price prediction.
The demand for primary energy resources has increased significantly due to the rapid growth of the global economy and increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, improving energy efficiency ...levels is essential for global energy, energy security, and environmental sustainability. In the context of the Asia-Pacific region, the study of energy efficiency among different countries can play a role in better energy utilization. These countries also provide a policy for the Asia-Pacific region to improve its energy utilization. This study’s primary focus is to investigate the optimal efficiency score of 15 areas of the Asia-Pacific region, and the analysis is based on super-efficiency (radical) and super slacks-based measure (SBM) data in a nonparametric DEA model. Three areas in the Asia-Pacific are selected for energy efficiency measures: South Asia, East Asia, and Australasia. The results suggest that Bangladesh, Pakistan, China, Singapore, New Zealand, the Philippines, Japan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam obtain the most efficient score of 1 in both DEA models throughout the study period. Australia and Sri Lanka receive a low score during all study periods, while Hong Kong does not have data for all study years. The results of the study will help improve energy performance, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability, increasing the competitiveness and scalability of efficient energy sources.
To clarify the interaction between different antioxidant enzymes for monitoring oxidative stress and ROS burst in rice senescent leaves, we investigated the genotype-dependent alteration in temporal ...patterns of the O2•− production rate, H2O2 content, and ROS–scavenging enzyme activities during leaf senescence in two rice genotypes, namely, the premature senescence of flag leaf (psf) mutant and its wild type. Results showed that the psf mutant differed obviously from its wild type in leaf O2•− generation rate and H2O2 content accumulation, and the decreased activities of SOD, CAT, and APX in the psf leaves were strongly responsible for the increased ROS level and the accelerated leaf senescence. By contrast, the increase in POD activity was positively correlated with the senescence-related enhancement in O2•− generation in rice leaves. Among various SOD isoforms, Mn–SOD responded sensitively to the increasing O2•− generation rate, whereas Cu/Zn–SOD remained stable with the progression of leaf senescence. These findings suggest that the senescence-related decline in total SOD activity was mostly attributable to the downregulation of both the translation and transcription of Mn–SOD isoform. This occurrence finally resulted in the collapse of SOD defense system and accelerated leaf senescence for the psf mutant. Furthermore, we presented the possible contribution of several Cu/Zn–SOD expression patterns to the senescence-related O2•− detoxification in different cell compartments.
•ROS burst occurred earlier than the initial decline in Pn rate and Chl a/b ratio in senescent rice leaves.•Mn-SOD was more responsible for senescence-related decline in total SOD activity than Cu/Zn-SOD.•Senescence-related enhancement in O2•− generation was positively correlated with the increasing POD activity in senescent rice leaves.
The incorporation of inorganic oxide fillers imparts superior dielectric properties in silicone rubber for high-voltage insulation. However, the dielectric characteristics are influenced by the ...mechanical stress. The effects of ramped compression on the dielectric properties of neat silicone rubber (NSiR), 15% SiO
microcomposite (SSMC), 15% alumina trihydrate (ATH) microcomposite (SAMC) and 10% ATH + 2% SiO
hybrid composite (SMNC) are presented in this study. The dielectric constant and dissipation factor were measured before and after each compression especially in the frequency range of 50 kHz to 2MHz. Before the compression, SSMC expressed the highest dielectric constant of 4.44 followed by SMNC and SAMC. After the compression cycle, SAMC expressed a better dielectric behavior exhibiting dielectric constant of 7.19 and a dissipation factor of 0.01164. Overall, SAMC expressed better dielectric response before and after compression cycle with dielectric constant and dissipation factor in admissible ranges.
Highlights
Detailed summary of current trends in the advancement of flexible EMI shielding materials.
The theoretical shielding mechanisms and the latest concept of "green shielding" index (g
s
) are ...outlined.
Functional applications of flexible EMI shielding materials are introduced from thermal conductivity, hydrophobicity to transparency, sensing even multiple functions.
Exclusive insights in challenges and future design strategies opportunities for flexible EMI shielding materials are provided.
With rapid development of 5G communication technologies, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding for electronic devices has become an urgent demand in recent years, where the development of corresponding EMI shielding materials against detrimental electromagnetic radiation plays an essential role. Meanwhile, the EMI shielding materials with high flexibility and functional integrity are highly demanded for emerging shielding applications. Hitherto, a variety of flexible EMI shielding materials with lightweight and multifunctionalities have been developed. In this review, we not only introduce the recent development of flexible EMI shielding materials, but also elaborate the EMI shielding mechanisms and the index for "green EMI shielding" performance. In addition, the construction strategies for sophisticated multifunctionalities of flexible shielding materials are summarized. Finally, we propose several possible research directions for flexible EMI shielding materials in near future, which could be inspirational to the fast-growing next-generation flexible electronic devices with reliable and multipurpose protections as offered by EMI shielding materials.
D1 protein in the PSII reaction center is the major target of photodamage, and it exhibits the highest turnover rate among all the thylakoid proteins. In this paper, rice psf (premature senescence of ...flag leaves) mutant and its wild type were used to investigate the genotype-dependent alteration in PSII photo-damage and D1 protein turnover during leaf senescence and its relation to ABA accumulation in senescent leaves. The symptom and extent of leaf senescence of the psf mutant appeared to be sunlight-dependent under natural field condition. The psf also displayed significantly higher levels of ABA accumulation in senescent leaves than the wild type. However, the premature senescence lesion of psf leaves could be alleviated by shaded treatment, concomitantly with the strikingly suppressed ABA level in the shaded areas of flag leaves. The change in ABA concentration contributed to the regulation of shade-delayed leaf senescence. The participation of ABA in the timing of senescence initiation and in the subsequent rate of leaf senescence was closely associated with PSII photodamage and D1 protein turnover during leaf senescence, in which the transcriptional expression of several key genes (psbA, psbB, psbC and OsFtsH2) involved in D1 protein biosynthesis and PSII repair cycle was seriously suppressed by the significantly increased ABA level. This response resulted in the low rate of D1 protein synthesis and impaired repair recovery in the presence of ABA. The psf showed evidently decreased D1 protein amount in the senescent leaves. Both the inhibition of de novo synthesized D1 protein and the slow rate of proteolytic removal for the photodamaged D1 protein was among the most crucial steps for the linkage between light-dependent leaf senescence and the varying ABA concentration in psf mutant leaves. OsFtsH2 transcriptional expression possibly played an important role in the regulation of D1 protein turnover and PSII repair cycle in relation to ABA mediated leaf senescence.
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