Similar to effects identified with traditional media forms, recent evidence indicates that body image concerns, such as body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness, may also be associated with ...exposure to images on Social Networking Sites. Utilizing social comparison theory, the current study sought to examine the relationship between female university students' photo-based activities on Instagram, which is a relatively new Social Networking Site, appearance-related comparisons, and two outcome variables: drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. Mediational analyses using bootstrapping methods indicated that Instagram photo-based activities positively predicted both drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction through the mediating variable of appearance-related comparisons. These results suggest that Instagram use could be potentially harmful to individuals who find themselves frequently engaging in comparisons with others. Additionally, utilizing the intrasexual competition framework, the second aim of this study was to determine whether individual differences in competitiveness for mates influenced individual tendencies to engage in appearance-related comparisons on Instagram. A significant positive relationship emerged between intrasexual competitiveness for mates and appearance-related comparisons on Instagram. Theoretical and applied implications from these findings are discussed.
•Surveyed undergraduate students on Instagram photo activities as the predictor variable.•Appearance-related comparisons was the mediator variable and intrasexual competition was the moderator variable.•Drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction were criteria.•Significant mediating effect for both criteria was found.•Adds to the body of literature pertaining to body image concerns and SNS use.
During individual laboratory sessions, 49 women with an actual-ideal self-discrepancy randomly viewed 12 images of media fashion models varying in body types. Heart rate was recorded during image ...exposure. Self-report social comparisons and body satisfaction were measured following exposure to each image. A visual recognition test was administered following the last image. The results indicated that women reported the greatest body satisfaction and the least amount of social comparisons when viewing plus size models, but body satisfaction decreased and social comparisons increased when viewing average sized followed by thin size models. Further, as social comparisons increased (e.g., internal processing), external resource allocation and encoding decreased. The theoretical and applied implications from these findings are discussed.
To counter the negative effects of viewing unrealistically thin and attractive models in beauty and fashion advertisements, some companies depict women with larger bodies in their advertisement ...campaigns. Previous experimental evidence suggests women may feel more satisfied with their own bodies immediately after viewing advertisements featuring these models. The current study aimed to extend these findings by examining the moderating role of trait body discrepancies and the presence of objectifying advertising slogans in advertisements. A sample of 202 undergraduate students who identified as female viewed advertisements depicted on Instagram that varied in the model's body size (thin or plus-size) and slogan type (objectifying or empowering). Body satisfaction and actual-ideal body discrepancy were measured. As expected, the body size of the model significantly improved women's body satisfaction and this effect was moderated by participants' actual-ideal body discrepancy. No effects for objectifying slogans (versus empowering slogans) featured in the advertisements were discovered. The implications for these findings are discussed.
Previous health communication research has demonstrated the negative psychological and health effects of depicting thin-sized models in mass media advertisements including on social media sites such ...as Instagram. However, gym advertisements are one common source for the presentation of lean and thin-sized models on Instagram. Therefore, the current study guided by social comparison theory and signaling theory aimed to experimentally examine the effect of thin-sized models relative to plus-sized models as well as slogan-type (health and wellness versus physique-based) on women's appearance comparison, body satisfaction, perceived gym fit, and intentions to join the gym. A sample of 217 undergraduate students who identified as women were randomly assigned to one of four Instagram gym advertisement conditions varying in model body-size and slogan-type. Appearance comparisons, perceived gym fit, and intentions to join the gym were measured post advertisement exposure and body satisfaction was measured pre-and-post advertisement exposure. As expected, exposure to Instagram gym advertisements featuring thin-sized models resulted in greater appearance comparisons and lower body satisfaction than exposure to Instagram gym advertisements featuring plus-sized models. Moreover, the combination of plus-sized models with health and wellness slogans in Instagram gym advertisements resulted in greater gym fit perceptions although there was no effect of model body-size and slogan-type on intentions to join the gym. This study supports social comparison theory, signaling theory, and practically the findings indicate that Instagram gym advertisements that depict plus-sized models (versus thin) with health-and-wellness slogans (versus physique) generate fewer body image concerns and lead to greater gym fit perceptions.
The Internet is one of the most influential forms of mass media having revolutionized human behavior, with people spending more and more time online. However, excessive Internet use, which is also ...termed as “Internet Addiction”, can have negative consequences for an individual as well as the society in which they reside. This type of addiction is classified as behavioral addiction (DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association
2013
). However, a group of American Psychiatric Association (APA) working members deemed insufficient research to consider additional behavioral addictions (e.g., compulsive buying) to be included in psychiatric nosology. Henceforth, one of the goals of this study is to shed light on what is considered “compulsive online shopping” to further support future DSM behavioral addiction classification modifications. The second goal of this study was to develop a compulsive online shopping scale (COSS) that is consistent with addiction criteria established in the DSM-5. And finally, we explored a few characteristic features related to compulsive online shoppers; both demographically and psychologically.
People place tools on their bodies during daily activities that impact their health and safety. Mapping the locations of this equipment and evaluating the appropriateness of these locations can aid ...people to achieve their goals. This paper considers the location of equipment, life support systems such as ventilation tubing and intravenous lines, on the human body during kangaroo care in hospitals. Kangaroo care (KC) is skin-to-skin contact between infants and adult caregivers, which dramatically improves health outcomes for both. This research provides information useful for design to support safe KC in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Assessment of 100 images from a Google Image search conducted on May 19, 2021, using the search text ‘NICU kangaroo care tubes’ was undertaken. An expert NICU nurse verified that tube location followed best practices. This method documents human-body-tool interaction for improved safety and functioning across contexts.
Purpose
Healthy lifestyles including maintaining a normal weight, consuming a healthy diet, and being physically active can improve prognosis and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among cancer ...survivors. The largest proportion of cancer survivors are older adults (≥ 65 years), yet their lifestyle behaviors are understudied. This study sought to examine the lifestyle behaviors (maintaining healthy weight, diet quality, physical activity) of older female cancer survivors and identify associations with HRQoL.
Methods
Older female cancer survivors (
n
= 171) completed surveys to assess HRQoL (RAND-36), unintentional weight loss, body mass index (BMI), diet quality (HEI-2015), and physical activity. Demographic information and medical record data were also collected. Descriptive analyses, correlations, and stepwise linear regressions were utilized.
Results
Physical and mental HRQoL of the sample (mean age = 74.50 years) were low: 41.94 ± 10.50 and 48.47 ± 7.18, respectively, out of 100. Physical activity was low: 75.3%, 54.2%, and 68.1% reported no strenuous, moderate, and mild physical activity, respectively. Mean BMI was 27.71 ± 6.24 (overweight) with 64% of the participants being overweight or obese. Mean HEI-2015 scores were 66.54 ± 10.0. Engagement in moderate physical activity was associated with higher physical HRQoL (
β
= 0.42,
p
= 0.004). Being white (
β
= 0.53,
p
< 0.001), older (
β
= 0.27,
p
= 0.025), and having higher HEI scores (
β
= 0.30,
p
= 0.011) were associated with higher mental HRQoL.
Conclusions
Older cancer survivors report poor diet quality, high rates of being overweight or obese, and low levels of physical activity that impact their HRQoL. Results indicate the need for tailored health coaching for older cancer survivors regarding their lifestyle behaviors to improve prognosis and HRQoL.
This study examined the use of psychomimicry in the apparel design process by exploring a series of three garments entitled, Color Hearing. The designer delineates the iterative design process, ...explains the design challenges, and expands on what is known by implementing a new technique of coding music to create textile print designs. The designer used a four-stage design process for each of the three garments included in this study. The important contributions of this study include the novel approach of using psychomimicry as a design influence and the establishment of a coding process to generate textile print designs based on the neurological phenomena of synesthesia.
PURPOSETo summarize and critique research on the experiences and outcomes of sexual minority women (SMW) treated with surgery for breast cancer through systematic literature review.METHODSA ...comprehensive literature search identified studies from the last 20 years addressing surgical experiences and outcomes of SMW breast cancer survivors. Authors performed a quality assessment and thematic content analysis to identify emergent themes.RESULTSThe search yielded 121 records; eight qualitative studies were included in the final critical appraisal. Quality scores for included studies ranged 6-8 out of 10. Experiences and outcomes of SMW breast cancer survivors were organized by major themes: 1) Individual, 2) Interpersonal, 3) Healthcare System, and 4) Sociocultural and Discursive.CONCLUSIONSSMW breast cancer survivors have unique experiences of treatment access, decision-making, and quality of life in survivorship. SMW breast cancer survivors' personal values, preferences, and support network are critical considerations for researchers and clinicians.
This study explored the costume evolution of the
Star Wars
film characters Padme Amidala and Leia Organa as romantic relationships were introduced and progressed and how this impacted their positions ...of power. The study aimed to investigate how female characters have their position of power minimized through the use of costume as their involvement in romantic relationships evolves throughout the films. Objectification theory was used as a theoretical framework under which the study was carried out. The researchers utilized a qualitative content analysis of the audio and visual content of the first six
Star Wars
films. The results indicated that both characters were objectified through costume. Before romantic relationships were introduced, both women were acknowledged for their positions of power which were emphasized by their costumes. It was observed that as both women progressed in their romantic relationships, their perceived power decreased, and an increase of objectification through greater skin exposure occurred.
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