Background
We analyzed the impact of immunoglobulin M (IgM) positivity on the relapse-free interval post completed course of cyclophosphamide (CYC) treatment in patients with steroid-dependent ...nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) and minimal change disease (MCD).
Methods
This was a retrospective chart review of all children who received CYC for SDNS and MCD between 1988 and 2009. Patients were divided into three groups based on kidney biopsy: MCD without immunoglobulin M (IgM) positivity (IgM−), MCD with IgM-positive immunofluorescence (IF) only (IgM+), and MCD with IgM-positive IF and electron-dense deposits on electron microscopy (IgM++). The relapse-free time interval to the first relapse post-CYC therapy or up to 48 months of follow-up (if no relapse occurred) was used for survival analysis.
Results
Forty children aged 1.5–12.3 years (15 were IgM−, 16 were IgM+, 9 were IgM++) received a cumulative CYC dose of 175 ± 30 mg/kg. The overall relapse-free survival time was 75 % at 12 months, 64 % at 24 months, 59 % at 36 months, and 56 % at 48 months, with no significant differences between the IgM groups (
p
= 0.80).
Conclusions
Based on our results, we conclude that more than 50% of our SDNS patients with MCD remained relapse-free 4 years post-CYC treatment. No significant difference in the response to CYC was observed between patients with or without IgM positivity.
Lower urinary tract symptoms with constipation characterize bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD). Due to high referral volumes to hospital pediatric urology clinics and time-consuming appointments, ...wait times are prolonged. Initial management consists of behavioral modification strategies that could be accomplished by community pediatricians. We aimed to create a network of community pediatricians trained in BBD (BBDN) management and assess its impact on care.
We distributed a survey to pediatricians, and those interested attended training consisting of lectures and clinical shadowing. Patients referred to a hospital pediatric urology clinic were triaged to the BBDN and completed the dysfunctional voiding symptom score and satisfaction surveys at baseline and follow-up. The Bristol stool chart was used to assess constipation. Results were compared between BBDN and hospital clinic patients.
Surveyed pediatricians (n = 100) most commonly managed BBD with PEG3350 and dietary changes and were less likely to recommend bladder retraining strategies. Baseline characteristics were similar in BBDN (n = 100) and hospital clinic patients (n = 23). Both groups had similar improvements in dysfunctional voiding symptom score from baseline to follow-up (10.1 ± 4.2 to 5.6 ± 3.3,
= 0.01, versus 10.1 ± 4.2 to 7.8 ± 4.5,
= 0.02). BBDN patients waited less time for their follow-up visit with 56 (28-70) days versus 94.5 (85-109) days for hospital clinic patients (
< 0.001). Both groups demonstrated high familial satisfaction.
Community pediatricians may require more knowledge of management strategies for BBD. Our pilot study demonstrates that implementing a BBDN is feasible, results in shorter wait times, and similar improvement in symptoms and patient satisfaction than a hospital pediatric urology clinic.
Feelings of embarrassment and fear in adolescents may contribute substantially to a delay in the diagnosis of malignant tumours arising from the genital region, with subsequent increase in morbidity ...and mortality. A case of a 15-year-old boy who had multiple visits to physicians with complaints of recurrent lower abdominal and back pain is presented in the current case report. He refused examination of his genital area during all visits, stating that there were no problems. The patient was admitted to the hospital with a working diagnosis of lymphoma after finding an abdominal mass and a neck mass. During bone marrow aspiration, while the patient was sedated, a large testicular mass was discovered. Each time the patient had been examined, he refused a genital examination and denied any change in the genital region.
PDF
