The chemical structure of liquid products of the wood biopolymers, i.e. cellulose, xylan and lignin pyrolysis at 450°C with and without the 10wt.% addition of potassium carbonate or zinc chloride was ...investigated. The yield of liquid products of pyrolysis was in the range of 24–44wt.% and their form was depending on the chemical structure of pyrolyzed material. The potassium carbonate and zinc chloride addition to biopolymers has also influenced the temperature range of samples decomposition as well as the structure of resulted bio-oils. All bio-oils from biopolymer were dark-brown water-oil emulsions. Contrarily, bio-oils obtained from biopolymer with K2CO3 or ZnCl2 addition were orange liquids with well-separated water and oil phases. All analyses proved that the composition and the quality of bio-oil strongly depends on both the nature of the starting sample and the presence of the additive. The FT-IR analyses of oils showed that oxygen functionalities and hydrocarbons contents highly depend on the type of biopolymer. Results confirmed the significant removal and/or transformation of oxygen containing organic compounds due to the zinc chloride and potassium carbonate presence during pyrolysis process.
•This Clinical Practice Guideline provides key recommendations on the management of soft tissue and visceral sarcomas.•Recommendations have been agreed following a consensus meeting of ...representatives from ESMO, EURACAN and GENTURIS.•Authorship includes a multidisciplinary group of experts from several European institutions, India and Japan.
The chemical composition of wood depends on many factors, including plant growth conditions. Among the many dangerous elements it was decided in this study to select arsenic in various forms: ...As(III), As(V) and cacodylic acid (DMAA), as well as various concentrations and mutual combinations. The experiment was conducted on 1-year old elm seedlings planted in pots with an addition of Knop medium and arsenic. Supplementation of the substrate with each arsenic form caused changes in contents of cellulose and lignin as well as extractive substances and those soluble in 1% NaOH. Arsenic also led to changes in the structure of basic wood components. The FTIR analysis showed the greatest changes under the influence of As(V), As(III)/As(V)/DMA. Despite high arsenic concentration in the substrate 1-year old elm seedlings survived the period of the experiment, thus providing valuable results and broadening our knowledge on the response of trees to the environment contaminated with arsenic.
Graphical abstract
In 2004, we started an intergroup randomized trial of adjuvant imatinib versus no further therapy after R0-R1 surgery in localized, high/intermediate-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) ...patients. Interim analysis results were published in 2015 upon recommendation from an independent data review committee. We report the final outcome of the study.
This was a randomized, open-label, multicenter phase III trial carried out at 112 hospitals in 12 countries. Patients were randomized to 2 years of imatinib, 400 mg daily, or no further therapy after surgery. The primary endpoint was imatinib failure-free survival (IFFS), while relapse-free survival (RFS), relapse-free interval (RFI), overall survival (OS) and toxicity were secondary endpoints. Adjusting for the interim analyses, results on IFFS were assessed on a 4.3% significance level; for the other endpoints, 5% was used.
Nine hundred and eight patients were randomized between January 2005 and October 2008: 454 to imatinib and 454 to observation; 835 patients were eligible. With a median follow-up of 9.1 years, 5 (10)-year IFFS was 87% (75%) in the imatinib arm versus 83% (74%) in the control arm hazard ratio (HR) = 0.87, 95.7% confidence interval (CI) (0.65; 1.15), P = 0.31; RFS was 70% versus 63% at 5 years and 63% versus 61% at 10 years, HR = 0.71, 95% CI (0.57; 0.89), P = 0.002; OS was 93% versus 92% at 5 years and 80% versus 78% at 10 years HR = 0.88, 95% CI (0.65; 1.21), P = 0.43. Among 526 patients with high-risk GIST by local pathology, 10-year IFFS and RFS were 69% versus 61%, and 48% versus 43%, respectively.
With 9.1 years of follow-up, a trend toward better long-term IFFS in imatinib-treated patients was observed in the high-risk subgroup. Although the difference was not statistically significant and the surrogacy value of such an endpoint is not validated, this may be seen as supporting the results reported by the Scandinavian/German trial, showing a sustained small but significant long-term OS benefit in high-risk GIST patients treated with 3 years of adjuvant imatinib.
•Adjuvant imatinib for 2 years significantly improved RFS, with a trend towards a better imatinib failure free survival.
•This Clinical Practice Guideline provides key recommendations on the management of bone sarcomas.•Recommendations have been agreed following a consensus meeting of representatives from ESMO, ...EURACAN, GENTURIS and ERNPaedCan.•Authorship includes a multidisciplinary group of experts from different institutions and countries worldwide.
Consuming food that is rich in antioxidants reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases and oxidative stress. Fruits and vegetables are an excellent source of substances with antioxidant and ...pro-health properties. Such raw materials, characterized by a high content of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, include pear fruits. In this study, the concentrations of bioactive compounds, as well as the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activity in fruits of five selected pear cultivars were determined and compared. LC-MS and UPLC-PDA methods were used to determine the polyphenolic, carotenoid, chlorophyll, and triterpenoid profiles and content, and the antioxidant activity was analyzed using DPPH and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) tests. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. The cytotoxic activity of the test compounds was assessed against six tumor cell lines. The results showed that the major group of phenolic compounds in all cultivars was phenolic acids. In the group of chromoplastic pigments, chlorophyllide a and 9-
-β-carotene were the major compounds, while in the triterpene group, ursolic acid was dominant. The antioxidant potential correlated with the content of polyphenols and carotenoids, and was the strongest for the 'Radana' cultivar. The highest antiproliferative activity in all varieties was established for bladder cancer.
The 3q29 deletion confers increased risk for neuropsychiatric phenotypes including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and a >40-fold increased risk for ...schizophrenia. To investigate consequences of the 3q29 deletion in an experimental system, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce a heterozygous deletion into the syntenic interval on C57BL/6 mouse chromosome 16. mRNA abundance for 20 of the 21 genes in the interval was reduced by ~50%, while protein levels were reduced for only a subset of these, suggesting a compensatory mechanism. Mice harboring the deletion manifested behavioral impairments in multiple domains including social interaction, cognitive function, acoustic startle, and amphetamine sensitivity, with some sex-dependent manifestations. In addition, 3q29 deletion mice showed reduced body weight throughout development consistent with the phenotype of 3q29 deletion syndrome patients. Of the genes within the interval, DLG1 has been hypothesized as a contributor to the neuropsychiatric phenotypes. However, we show that Dlg1
mice did not exhibit the behavioral deficits seen in mice harboring the full 3q29 deletion. These data demonstrate the following: the 3q29 deletion mice are a valuable experimental system that can be used to interrogate the biology of 3q29 deletion syndrome; behavioral manifestations of the 3q29 deletion may have sex-dependent effects; and mouse-specific behavior phenotypes associated with the 3q29 deletion are not solely due to haploinsufficiency of Dlg1.
The study describes CuxMn1.25-0.5xCo1.75-0.5xO4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) spinels synthesized using EDTA gel processes in order to optimize the performance of high-quality spinel ...protective-conducting films deposited on steel interconnects. The powders obtained after 12 h of calcination in air at 1073 K are solely cubic spinels. Sintering these spinels for 12 h in air at 1423 K also leads to the formation of small amounts of CoO, Mn2O3 or CuO; the type of phase depends on the quantity of copper introduced into the manganese-cobalt lattice. The highest electrical conductivity at 1073 K is observed for Cu0.3Mn1.1Co1.6O4 (162 S·cm−1), which is closely correlated with the lowest activation energy of conduction over the entire temperature range (373≤T≤1073 K); the lowest conductivity is measured for Mn1.25Co1.75O4 (84 S⋅cm−1). The study confirms the suitability of the Cu0.3Mn1.1Co1.6O4 spinel as a potential material for the preparation of protective-conducting coatings on the surface of the DIN 50049 ferritic steel applied in IT-SOFC interconnects. The area-specific resistance of coated steel is 0.08 Ω·cm2, which is lower than that of bare steel after 300 h of oxidation at 1073 K. Cr vaporization tests show that the Cu0.3Mn1.1Co1.6O4 coating is efficient at blocking the outward diffusion of chromium.
•CuxMn1.25-0.5xCo1.75-0.5xO4 spinels (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) were prepared using EDTA gel processes.•Cu0.3Mn1.1Co1.6O4 had highest electrical conductivity and lowest activation energy.•Cu0.3Mn1.1Co1.6O4 coating was deposited on ferritic steel by means of screen-printing.•Electrical resistance for oxidized coated steel was lower than for bare steel.•Cu0.3Mn1.1Co1.6O4-coated steel effectively reduced volatile Cr species' formation.
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