According to Table 3 of the article under discussion, the total number of alleles for the rs5902434 and rs3761548 polymorphisms in the patient and healthy control groups was reported to be 110 and ...160, respectively. According to the number of women and men in each of the patient and control groups, the total number of alleles should be 97 (= 2 × 42 + 13) and 141 (= 2 × 61 + 19), respectively. ...it should be mentioned that this error has unfortunately been made in many other articles which cannot be named for ethical reasons.
Gout is an inherited and common inflammatory arthritic disease. Many researchers will identify polymorphic loci of gout susceptibility by conducting genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In the ...present study, the enrichment analysis and chromosomal distribution were performed using predicted polymorphic loci associated with gout risk. The polymorphic loci associated to gout were obtained from the GWAS database. Overall, this database contains 64,806 gout patients and 2,856,174 controls. Gene ontology functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed by using the Enrichr online server. A total of 110 common polymorphic protein-coding loci associated with gout risk were identified and included in the analysis. The results of the KEGG analysis showed that the gout-associated loci were mainly related to ABC transporters, endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption, and gastric acid secretion pathways. The gene ontology analysis showed that the biological processes of the gout-associated loci were vascular transport, transport across the blood-brain barrier, positive regulation of transporter activity, and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. The top cellular component was the external side of the apical plasma membrane. Statistical analysis revealed that the human chromosome segments 1q22, 4p16.1, 6p21.1-p21.2, 11q13.1-q13.2, 12q13.11-q13.3, and 12q24.1 had significantly bearing higher numbers of gout susceptibility loci.
Background
Oxidative stress is an important issue in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Considering that glutathione
S
-transferase P1 (
GSTP1
) is involved in cellular detoxification, it may play ...an important role in susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and/or its outcome. In the present study, the association between the Ile105Val
GSTP1
polymorphism (rs1695) and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as its outcome was investigated. Data on the prevalence (per 10
6
people), case-fatality (per 100 infected cases), and mortality (per 10
6
people) of COVID-19 and various potential confounders (the life expectancy at birth, density of medical doctors, density of nursing and midwifery personnel, and the gross national income per capita) were used. The latest data available for 45 countries were used for the study.
Results
In multivariate linear regression analyses, the Val105 allelic frequency showed positive association with the log-prevalence (partial
r
= 0.308,
p
= 0.042) and log-mortality of COVID-19 (partial
r
= 0.316,
p
= 0.037). The log-fatality did not show association with the allelic frequency. In the next step, only countries with the gross national income per capita more than $15,000 were included in the analysis. In the selected countries, the frequency of Val105 was positively associated with the log-prevalence (partial
r
= 0.456,
p
= 0.009) and log-mortality of COVID-19 (partial
r
= 0.544,
p
= 0.001).
Conclusions
The present findings indicate that countries with higher Val105 allelic frequency of the rs1695 polymorphism showed higher prevalence and mortality of COVID-19.
Background
Union between second cousins and closer relatives is called consanguineous marriage. Consanguineous marriage is associated with increased risk of autosomal recessive diseases and several ...multifactorial traits. In order to evaluate the association between prevalence/mortality of COVID-19 and the frequency of consanguineous marriage, the present ecologic study was carried out. For the present study, data of prevalence (per 10
6
people) and mortality (per 10
6
people) and number of performed laboratory diagnostic test (per 10
6
people) of COVID-19 disease at four time points (December 2020; March, August and October 2021) of 65 countries were used.
Results
Univariable correlation and generalized estimating equation analysis were used. In analysis, prevalence and mortality of COVID-19 were used as dependent variables and human development index, number of performed diagnosis test and the mean of inbreeding coefficient (α-value) were introduced into model as covariates, and time point was used as a factor in analysis. The square root (SR) of prevalence (
P
= 0.008) and SR-mortality (
P
< 0.001) of COVID-19 negatively associated with the log-transformed of α-value.
Conclusions
The present finding means that in countries with high levels of consanguineous marriages, the prevalence of COVID-19 and mortality due to COVID-19 were lower than countries having low level of marriage with relatives.
Introduction
Accumulating evidence recommends that infectious diseases including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are often associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1, ...OMIM: 168,820), a member of the paraoxonase gene family, has antioxidant properties. Enzyme activity of paraoxonase depends on a variety of influencing factors such as polymorphisms of PON1, ethnicity, gender, age, and a number of environmental variables. The PON1 has two common functional polymorphisms, namely, Q192R (rs662) and L55M (rs854560). The R192 and M55 alleles are associated with increase and decrease in enzyme activity, respectively.
Objective
The present study was conducted to investigate the possible association of rs662 and rs854560 polymorphisms with morbidity and mortality of COVID-19.
Methods
Data for the prevalence, mortality, and amount of accomplished diagnostic test (per 106 people) on 25 November 2020 from 48 countries were included in the present study. The Human Development Index (HDI) was used as a potential confounding variable.
Results
The frequency of M55 was positively correlated with the prevalence (partial r = 0.487, df = 36, p = 0.002) and mortality of COVID-19 (partial r = 0.551, df = 36, p < 0.001), after adjustments for HDI and amount of the accomplished diagnostic test as possible confounders.
Conclusions
This means that countries with higher M55 frequency have higher prevalence and mortality of COVID-19.
The association between glutathione S‐transferase T1 (GSTT1) polymorphism and gastric cancer risk has been both confirmed and refuted in a number of published studies. Most of these studies were ...based on small sample sizes. We carried out a meta‐analysis of the research published up to August 2005 to obtain more precise estimates of gastric cancer risk associated with GSTT1 polymorphism. In the present study, 16 case‐control studies (with a total of 6717 subjects) were eligible for meta‐analysis. There was no evidence of heterogeneity between the studies. The GSTT1 null genotype conferred a 1.06‐fold increased risk of gastric cancer, which was not significant (95% confidence interval CI: 0.94–1.19). However, in the analysis of ethnic groups, we observed distinct differences associated with GSTT1 status. Restricting analyses to ethnic groups, the pooled odd ratios for the GSTT1 genotype were 1.27 in Caucasians (95% CI: 1.03–1.57) and 0.98 in Asians (95% CI: 0.86–1.13). Glutathione S‐transferase M1 (GSTM1) and GSTT1 are involved in detoxification of a variety of compounds, some that overlap between enzymes and some that are highly specific. To investigate whether the profile of glutathione S‐transferase genotypes was associated with risk of gastric cancer, further analyses combining the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes were also carried out. There was a significant trend in risk associated with zero, one and two putative high‐risk genotypes (χ2 = 9.326, d.f. = 1, P = 0.0023). Those who had null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 had an increased gastric cancer risk compared with those who had both active genes (odds ratio = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.42–3.10). (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 505–509)
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