Evaluation of extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2-ECD) oncomarker status is an impressive factor in screening, diagnosing and monitoring early-stage breast cancer ...(BC). Electrochemical aptamer-based nanobiosensor with high sensitivity and selectivity for quantitative and qualitative measurement of HER2-ECD oncomarker was developed. In this study, the nanocomposite made by distinct materials included reduced graphene oxide nano-sheets (rGONs) and rhodium nanoparticles (Rh-NPs) on the graphite electrode (GE) surface. This structure resulted in amplified electrochemical activity, high surface area, stability, and bio-compatibility. Each of the steps of preparing nanomaterials and setting up biosensor were carefully examined by analytical and electrochemical techniques. Various modified electrodes were constructed and analyzed in terms of electrochemical performance, morphology, size, and shape of nanomaterials. The GE-based aptasensor had a noteworthy and conducive results against HER2-ECD with a wide dynamic range of 10.0-500.0 ng/mL, a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.667 ng/mL (significantly less than the clinical cut-off), and a low limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.01 ng/mL. The benefits provided by this aptasensor such as broad dynamic range, high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and low cost suggest tremendous potential for non-invasive detection and monitoring of the HER2-ECD levels of BC care and clinical diagnosis.
The fabrication of a highly sensitive DNA biosensor based on tin-doped WO
3
/In
2
O
3
nanowires as heterojunction photoelectrode for detection of hepatitis B virus is reported. The tin-doped WO
3
/In
...2
O
3
nanowires were fabricated via a physical vapor deposition mechanism and were nearly 50 nm in width. The single-strand DNA probe was covalently immobilized on the nanowire surface. The biosensor could detect the hybridization of complementary DNA in a label-free approach at very low concentrations. The biodetection processes were conducted through reduction-oxidation reactions in the electrochemical impedance spectral measurements. The electrochemical impedance responses were biased under laser amplification to achieve the detection limit of 1 fM. The fabricated biosensor could detect DNA concentrations from 0.1 pM to 10 μM linearly in the calibration plot. Due to laser amplification, more charged carriers were released and they interacted with DNA on the electrode surface. The efficiency of the charge transfer parameter was enhanced by a photogeneration process, and the electron-hole recombination rate could intensively increase biosensor sensitivity, selectivity, and distinguishability. The stability of the nanowire biosensor under laser amplification demonstrated 96% of its initial responses after 6 weeks of maintenance.
Graphical abstract
One important issue in using radiopharmaceuticals as therapeutic and imaging agents is predicting different organ absorbed dose following their injection. The present study aims at extrapolating ...dosimetry estimates to a female phantom from the animal data of 89Zr radionuclide accumulation using the Sparks-Idogan relationship. The absorbed dose of 89Zr radionuclide in different organs of the human body was calculated based on its distribution data in mice using both MIRD method and the MCNP simulation code. In this study, breasts, liver, heart wall, stomach, kidneys, lungs and spleen were considered as source and target organs. The highest and the lowest absorbed doses were respectively delivered to the liver (4.00E-02 and 3.43E-02 mGy/MBq) and the stomach (1.83E-03 and 1.66E-03 mGy/MBq). Moreover, there was a good agreement between the results obtained from both MIRD and MCNP methods. Therefore, according to the dosimetry results, 89Zr DFO-CR011-PET/CT seems to be a suitable for diagnostic imaging of the breast anomalies for CDX-011 targeting gpNMB in patients with TNBC in the future.
Breast cancer (BC), one of the most common and life-threatening cancers, has the highest incidence rate among women. Early diagnosis of BC oncomarkers is considered the most effective strategy for ...detecting and treating BC. Finding the type and stage of BC in women as soon as possible is one of the greatest ways to stop its incidence and negative effects on medical treatment. The development of biosensors for early, sensitive, and selective detection of oncomarkers has recently attracted much attention. An electrochemical nano biosensor (EN) is a very suitable option for a powerful tool for cancer diagnosis. This comprehensive review provides information about the prevalence and pathobiology of BC, recent advances in clinically available BC oncomarkers, and the most common electrochemical nano biosensors for point-of-care (POC) detection of various BC oncomarkers using nanomaterial-based signal amplification techniques.
Assessment of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) tumor marker status is an impressive factor in screening, diagnosing and monitoring breast cancer (BC). The electrochemical biosensor is ...a revolutionary method in cancer diagnosis, which is used in this research to detect HER2
circulating tumor cells. The electrochemical activity, size, shape, and morphology of the synthesized nanomaterials were analyzed. The hybrid nanocomposite established by the coupling of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rGONs) and rhodium nanoparticles (Rh-NPs) on the surface of graphite electrode resulted in improved surface area, electrochemical activity, and biocompatibility. The graphite electrode-based aptasensor (g-aptasensor) demonstrated exceptional performance against HER2-overexpressed SKBR3 cancer cells, with a linear dynamic range of 5.0 to 10.0 × 10
cells/mL, an analytical limit of detection (LOD) as low as 1.0 cell/mL, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.0 cells/mL. The G-rich DNA aptamers can fold into an intermolecular G-quadruplex, which specifically bind to the target molecule. Consequently, the advantages of this highly efficient nanocomposite platform include broad dynamic range, high specificity, selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and low cost. These characteristics indicate that the fabricated nanobiosensor has a high potential for use in detecting and monitoring HER2 level for the care of BC patients and clinical diagnosis.
In this study, production of 47Sc radionuclide by irradiating the natural titanium dioxide powder (TiO2) in the fast neutron flux (~3*1013ncm−2s−1) for 4 days in Tehran Research Reactor (TRR, Iran) ...and separation from titanium target was investigated. The study showed the feasibility of production 47Sc by TRR. The separation efficiency and radiochemical purity (ScCl3) of radio-scandium, 47Sc radionuclide purity were obtained 98%, 99% and 88% respectively.
•Production of 47Sc radionuclide by irradiating the natural titanium dioxide powder (TiO2) in the fast neutron flux was investigated.•To obtain the product with the high separation efficiency, the product underwent chemical separation by ion exchange chromatography method.
Background: Simulation of tomographic imaging systems with fan-beam geometry, estimation of scattered beam profile using Monte Carlo techniques, and scatter correction using estimated data have ...always been new challenges in the field of medical imaging. The most important aspect is to ensure the results of the simulation and the accuracy of the scatter correction. This study aims to simulate 128-slice computed tomography (CT) scan using the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) program, to assess the validity of this simulation and estimate the scatter profile. Finally, a quantitative comparison of the results is made from scatter correction. Methods: In this study, 128-slice CT scan devices with fan-beam geometry along with two phantoms were simulated by GATE program. Two validation methods were performed to validate the simulation results. The data obtained from scatter estimation of the simulation was used in a projection-based scatter correction technique, and the post-correction results were analyzed using four quantities, such as: pixel intensity, CT number inaccuracy, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Results: Both validation methods have confirmed the appropriate accuracy of the simulation. In the quantitative analysis of the results before and after the scatter correction, it should be said that the pixel intensity patterns were close to each other, and the accuracy of the CT scan number reached <10%. Moreover, CNR and SNR have increased by more than 30%-65% respectively in all studied areas. Conclusion: The comparison of the results before and after scatter correction shows an improvement in CNR and SNR while a reduction in cupping artifact according to pixel intensity pattern and enhanced CT number accuracy.
Introduction: Contamination of water with heavy metals has turned into a health concern, particularly in the developing countries. In this study, concentration of heavy metals and associated ...carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic risk was investigated in water samples collected from Gonbad-e Kavus, a high-risk area for cancer.
Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from Gorgan River, Golestan reservoir and wells around villages with high prevalence in 2018. Samples were analysed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. After determining the concentration of heavy metals in water samples from different sources, health risk assessment was carried out according to the Environmental Protection Agency.
Results: Arsenic in samples 6-9 was higher than 10 µg/L, calcium and magnesium in sample 5 was higher than 200 mg/L and 150 mg/L respectively, and sodium in all samples was higher than 50 mg/L. According to the findings, these concentrations were higher than the maximum allowed limit in most water samples. Hazard quotient (HQ) in samples 8 and 9 were associated with arsenic and health risk in sample 1 was related to antimony. Furthermore, since all samples contained high amounts of lithium, water from this area better should not be consumed by children older than one year.
Conclusion: Given the high rate of arsenic contamination, consumption of water in the study area could be health threatening for all individuals and is not recommended for children. This highlights the need for taking immediate actions to review the water treatment process and ensure safety of the drinking water in this area.
Background & Aim: Vaccination is the most efficient strategy to tackle the COVID-19 epidemic, and it is important in many ways. Additionally, healthcare workers represent an important vaccine ...information source for the general population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate among healthcare workers.
Methods & Materials: This study was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, and the protocol of this study was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42023402082. Searches were conducted up to 20 October 2023 in data resources, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The random-effects model was used for meta-analysis, and the I2 index was used to evaluate heterogeneity among studies. The STATA software (version 14) was used for data analysis.
Results: During the initial search, 6132 articles were selected. After the screening, study selection, and quality assessment, 93 studies entered the meta-analysis process, and a total of 196235 healthcare workers were examined. The overall vaccine acceptance rate among healthcare workers was reported as 68.56% (95% confidence interval (CI) =18.7-99.7; I2 = 99.750%; p< 0.001).
Conclusion: The overall acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers was lower than expected. Also, some determining factors were identified. The analysis of the vaccine acceptance rate and the factors affecting it can help healthcare officials and policymakers with proper healthcare planning.
Radiocolloides are essential for the detection of metastatic lymph nodes in breast cancer. In this study
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GaGa-phytate, as an long-lived alternative for
99m
TcTc-radiocolloids was prepared. ..."Standard" labeling conditions for
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GaGa-phytate preparation (95–100 °C, 30 min, 0.5 mg phytic acid, aqueous solutions) has been adopted (radiochemical purity: > 98 ± 2% ITLC, specific activity: 0.9–1.1 GBq/mmol). The complex is mainly cleared from the blood pool through the liver by hepatic system (> 90%) and a small percentage (< 7–8%) through the kidneys by renal excretion. Dosimetric simulations showed that the final radiopharmaceutical doses are safe for clinical administrations.
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