Purpose There are many circumstances where non-rehabilitation professionals provide functional training at daycare services. This study aimed to clarify the actual situations and problems in ...facilities without rehabilitation specialists by investigating their responses to a questionnaire survey. Participants and Methods The questionnaire survey was sent to 196 daycare service facilities in the Inba area of Chiba Prefecture. Responses were collected from facility staff who were in charge of deciding the contents of functional training. Results Thirty-nine daycare service facilities returned the survey. The results show that 80% of the daycare service facilities provided functional training and risk management, and 40% of them employed rehabilitation specialists. About 65% of daycare service facilities that provided functional training said they were concerned about decisions on functional training programs. Conclusion Since the elderly have a wide range of physical functions that require complicated management of risk, it seems facilities commonly have worries concerning functional training regardless of the professions involved.
A 13-year-old castrated male Toy Poodle presented with an acute vestibular disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed a large oval space-occupying mass with skull ...destruction located from the subcutaneous tissue to the posterior fossa region. Histopathologically, the mass was a bundled growth of spindle-shaped mesenchymal tumor cells between the myofibrillar and collagen bundles. The cells were moderately irregular in size and had eosinophilic stained cytoplasm. The cells were highly atypical and had rare mitotic figures. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for S100, GFAP, Olig-2, SOX10 and immunonegative for NF, E-cadherin, and Claudin-1. Collective findings were presumptive with a diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.
O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine-modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a reversible, post-translational, and regulatory modification of nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytoplasmic proteins that is responsive ...to cellular stress. However, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps) by arsenite remains unclear. We used O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosylidene) amino N-phenyl carbamate (PUGNAc), an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase, and glucosamine (GlcN), an enhancer of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, or O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) short interfering RNA (siRNA) to enhance or suppress cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels, respectively, in HeLa cells. The exposure to arsenite increased O-GlcNAcylation and Hsp 70 levels in HeLa cells. However, the pre-treatment with PUGNAc or GlcN, which enhanced O-GlcNAcylation levels, decreased the arsenite-induced expression of Hsp 70. The pre-treatment with OGT siRNA, which suppressed O-GlcNAcylation levels, did not affect the induction of Hsp 70. We then examined the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and found that neither the nuclear translocation nor phosphorylation of HSF1 was regulated by O-GlcNAcylation. Finally, Hsp 70 mRNA expression was induced by arsenite, whereas the addition of PUGNAc slightly suppressed its induction. These results indicate that O-GlcNAcylation is related to arsenite-induced Hsp 70 expression, and demonstrated that hyper-O-GlcNAcylation inhibited the induction of Hsp 70 via transcriptional factors instead of HSF1.
We reported previously that N-linked glycoproteins were accumulated in the cytosol of the normal aging rat brain, and that one protein had been identified as cathepsin D (Mech. Ageing Dev., 127, ...771—778 (2006)). In this study, to elucidate the mechanism of cathepsin D accumulation in the cytosol, we examined the effects of oxidative stress and proteasome inhibition on the apoptosis and subcellular localization of cathepsin D in primary cultured neurons and astrocytes. Using 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)- or Hoechst 33342-staining and annexin V detection, we found that oxidative stress caused by tert-butyl hydroperoxide and proteasome inhibition by lactacystin induced apoptosis in neurons and astrocytes. Furthermore, after cell fractionation, it was demonstrated that cathepsin D was translocated from lysosomes to cytosol under apoptosis-inducing conditions in both cells. These results suggested that oxidative stress and the suppression of proteasome activity triggered the translocation of cathepsin D from lysosomes to cytosol. The possible mechanism of age-related accumulation of cathepsin D in the cytosol of the normal rat brain will be discussed.
Purpose To analyze and clarify the current situation of the process by which care managers select walking aids, based on interviews. Participants and Methods Five care managers at an in-home care ...support office registered in City A were interviewed in focus groups using semi-structured interviews, and the contents were analyzed qualitatively. Results Four concepts were extracted: Criteria for deciding whether a cane is necessary, Checkpoints when selecting a cane, Follow-up after the introduction of a cane, and Concerns from selecting a cane to using a cane. Conclusion Care managers select a walking aid cane based on information from various professions, while taking into account the subject’s gait observation, the subject’s wishes and the environment, suggesting the need for intervention by rehabilitation specialists from selection to follow-up.
Alteration of glycoprotein glycans often changes various properties of the glycoprotein. To understand the significance of N-glycosylation in the pathogenesis of early-onset familial Alzheimer's ...disease (AD) and in β-amyloid (Aβ) production, we examined whether the mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene found in familial AD affect the N-glycans on APP. We purified the secreted forms of wild-type and mutant human APPs (both the Swedish type and the London type) produced by transfected C17 cells and determined the N-glycan structures of these three recombinant APPs. Although the major N-glycan species of the three APPs were similar, both mutant APPs contained higher contents of bisecting N-acetylglucosamine and core-fucose residues as compared to wild-type APP. These results demonstrate that familial AD mutations in the polypeptide backbone of APP can affect processing of the attached N-glycans; however, whether these changes in N-glycosylation affect Aβ production remains to be established.
Nanoporous alumina films formed on aluminum via anodization are widely used for scientific and technical purposes owing to their various advantageous properties, including excellent corrosion and ...wear resistance, good thermal and electrical insulation, and facile producibility at low cost. Herein, we report a novel approach to fabricate hard porous anodic alumina (PAA) films by adding an appropriate amount of nitric acid to sulfuric-, oxalic-, and phosphoric-acid solutions at critical high current densities. The effects of the nitric additives on the anodizing behavior, film growth mechanism, microstructure, chemical composition, film thickness, microhardness, and appearance of the PAA films formed from various solutions were systematically investigated. The addition of nitric acid enhanced the formation of alumina and resulted in fast growth rates of 196 μm/h and 166 μm/h for sulfuric- and oxalic-based solutions, respectively, while maintaining high hardness of approximately 380 and 430 HV0.1, respectively. The surface hardness of the films decreased to some extent with the increase in nitric acid concentration and/or film thickness owing to the strong corrosive nature of nitric acid during prolonged anodization, although nitrogen inclusion in anodic alumina films was not detected through X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, which differs from the other acidic anions. In particular, the barrier layer thickness and pore intervals of PAA films increased with the nitric concentration in the aforementioned solutions, leading to a fast growth rate and high hardness inside the films.
Display omitted
•Fabrication via anodization of hard porous anodic alumina films with nitric acid.•Nitric acid enhances alumina formation, resulting in fast growth.•High growth rate from 166 to 196 μm/h are achieved.•High hardness approximately 380 and 430 HV0.1 can be maintained.•Nitrogen component form nitric acid is not included in anodic films.
PDF
