The skin is the outermost anatomical barrier, which plays a vital role in the maintenance of internal homeostasis and protection against physical, chemical, and biological detractors. Direct contact ...with various stimuli leads to several physiological changes that are ultimately important for the growth of the cosmetic industry. Due to the consequences of using synthetic compounds in skincare and cosmeceutical-related industries, the pharmaceutical and scientific communities have recently shifted their focus to natural ingredients. The nutrient-rich value of algae, which are some of the most interesting organisms in marine ecosystems, has attracted attention. Secondary metabolites isolated from seaweeds are potential candidates for a wide range of economic applications, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. An increasing number of studies have focused on polyphenol compounds owing to their promising biological activities against oxidation, inflammation, allergies, cancers, melanogenesis, aging, and wrinkles. This review summarizes the potential evidence of the beneficial properties and future perspectives of using marine macroalgae-derived polyphenolic compounds for advancing the cosmetic industry.
Eckol, a precursor compound belonging to the dibenzo-1,4-dioxin class of phlorotannins, is a phloroglucinol derivative that exerts various activities. In the present study, we investigated the ...antiallergic effects of eckol isolated from the marine brown algae,
using immunoglobulin E (IgE)/bovine serum albumin (BSA)-stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMC) and a mouse model of anaphylaxis. Eckol inhibited IgE/BSA-induced BMCMC degranulation by reducing β-hexosaminidase release. A flow cytometric analysis revealed that eckol decreases FcεRI expression on cell surface and IgE binding to the FcεRI in BMCMC. Moreover, eckol suppressed the production of the cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13 and the chemokine, thymus activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) by downregulating, IκB-α degradation and NF-κB nuclear translocation. Furthermore, it attenuated the passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction induced by IgE/BSA-stimulation in the ear of BALB/c mice. These results suggest that eckol is a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of allergic disorders.
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•Brown seaweeds contain bioactive sulfated polysaccharides.•Fucoidan and Laminarin are selective cancer cell inhibitors.•Polysaccharides isolated from brown seaweeds have a potential ...to develop as anticancer agents.
In recent decades, attention to cancer-preventive treatments and studies on the development of anticancer drugs have sharply increased owing to the increase in cancer-related death rates in every region of the world. However, due to the adverse effects of synthetic drugs, much attention has been given to the development of anticancer drugs from natural sources because of fewer side effects of natural compounds than those of synthetic drugs. Recent studies on compounds and crude extracts from marine algae have shown promising anticancer properties. Among those compounds, polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweeds play a principal role as anticancer agents. Especially, a number of studies have revealed that polysaccharides isolated from brown seaweeds, such as fucoidan and laminaran, have promising effects against different cancer cell types in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we reviewed in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties reported for fucoidan and laminaran toward various cancer cells from 2013 to 2016.
Olive flounder is a common surimi industry related fish species in South Korea that generates a considerable amount of solid waste. To maximize the utilization of olive flounder gut (OFG) byproducts, ...OFG was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. Antioxidant activity of the obtained hydrolysates was evaluated to investigate radical scavenging activity (RSA), and in vitro experiments were conducted on 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-stimulated Vero cells. Protamex hydrolysates showed a strong RSA (IC
50
value of 94.96 ± 1.60 µg/mL) with a significant reduction in oxidative stress in in vitro and in vivo zebrafish models. OFG byproducts have potential for industrial application as antioxidative agents.
Background. The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders has risen over the last decades, and there has been a gradual shift towards expectant management. Conservative management of PAS ...is known to reduce major obstetric haemorrhage and salvage hysterectomy. There is a lack of consensus on the follow-up of patients undergoing conservative approaches. Here, we describe the follow-up of three patients with placenta percreta who were conservatively managed and review the literature for the conservative management of PAS. Case Presentation. We have successfully managed three cases of placenta percreta expectantly using combined methods involving symphysial-fundal height, serum beta-HCG, and ultrasonographic volume of placental mass. Conclusions. Use of a combined approach with symphysial-fundal height, serum beta-HCG, and ultrasonographic volume of placental mass with colour Doppler may guide the surveillance of these conservatively managed cases. However, at least one magnetic resonance imaging three months postoperatively may predict a further risk of delayed haemorrhage.
Reentrance, the return of a system from an ordered phase to a previously encountered less-ordered one as a controlled parameter is continuously varied, is a recurring theme found in disparate ...physical systems, yet its microscopic cause is often not investigated thoroughly. Here, through detailed characterization and theoretical modeling, we uncover the microscopic mechanism behind reentrance in the strongly frustrated pyrochlore antiferromagnet Er2Sn2O7. We use single crystal heat capacity measurements to expose that Er2Sn2O7 exhibits multiple instances of reentrance in its magnetic field B vs temperature T phase diagram for magnetic fields along three cubic high symmetry directions. Through classical Monte Carlo simulations, mean field theory, and classical linear spin-wave expansions, we argue that the origins of the multiple occurrences of reentrance observed in Er2Sn2O7 are linked to soft modes. These soft modes arise from phase competition and enhance thermal fluctuations that entropically stabilize a specific ordered phase, resulting in an increased transition temperature for certain field values and thus the reentrant behavior. Our work represents a detailed examination into the mechanisms responsible for reentrance in a frustrated magnet and may serve as a template for the interpretation of reentrant phenomena in other physical systems.
The limited availability of treatments for many infectious diseases highlights the need for new treatments, particularly for viral infections. Natural compounds from seaweed are attracting increasing ...attention for the treatment of various viral diseases, and thousands of novel compounds have been isolated for the development of pharmaceutical products. Seaweed is a rich source of natural bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides. The discovery of algal polysaccharides with antiviral activity has significantly increased in the past few decades. Furthermore, unique polysaccharides isolated from seaweeds, such as carrageenan, alginates, fucoidans, galactans, laminarians, and ulvans, have been shown to act against viral infections. The antiviral mechanisms of these agents are based on their inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis, viral entry, and viral replication. In this article, we review and provide an inclusive description of the antiviral activities of algal polysaccharides. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for developing polysaccharide-based antiviral therapies, including issues related to drug delivery and formulation. Finally, this review highlights the need for further research for fully understanding the potential of seaweed polysaccharides as a source of antiviral agents and for developing effective treatments for viral diseases.
Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage the internal cell components.
, a brown alga from the Maldives, was subjected to polysaccharide extraction. The Celluclast enzyme assisted ...extract (PBE) and ethanol precipitation (PBP) of
were assessed against hydrogen peroxide (H
O
) induced cell damage and zebra fish models. PBP which contains the majority of sulfated polysaccharides based on fucoidan, showed outstanding extracellular ROS scavenging potential against H
O
. PBP significantly declined the intracellular ROS levels, and exhibited protection against apoptosis. The study revealed PBPs' ability to activate the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway, consequently initiating downstream elements such that catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Further, ROS levels, lipid peroxidation values in zebrafish studies were declined with the pre-treatment of PBP. Collectively, the results obtained in the study suggest the polysaccharides from
might be a potent source of water soluble natural antioxidants that could be sustainably utilized in the industrial applications.
Sargassum horneri, a type of brown seaweed, has become popular in Korea over the past few years due to its massive influx from China. The present study is implemented towards developing methods for ...sustainable use of S. horneri biomass. Methanol extracts of S. horneri China (MSC) strain were investigated in order to isolate their bioactive natural products. Extracts were fractionated by solvent partitioning, high-performance centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC), and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC). Three norisoprenoids ((-)-loliolide, 3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionone (HEBI), and apo-9′-fucoxanthinone) were isolated from chloroform fractions of MSC, and their structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Solvent conditions for the HPCPC separation were optimized as hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water in a ratio of 5:5:5:5. The isolated compounds displayed potential anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. For the first time, the three compounds reported herein were isolated from S. horneri. With further studies, S. horneri-derived extracts and natural products could be developed as cosmetics and/or functional food materials.
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•Sargassum horneri is an edible brown seaweed with bioactive properties.•Centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC) is an effective approach to isolate norisoprenoids compounds from S. horneri.•Norisoprenoids compounds showed good anti-inflammatory activity in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells.•Norisprenoids compounds are beneficial materials for functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
The previous study suggested that the sulfated polysaccharides from
(HFPS) possess strong antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study is to isolate fucoidan from HFPS and to investigate its ...antioxidant activity. A fucoidan (HFPS-F4) with a molecular weight of 102.67 kDa was isolated from HFPS. HFPS-F4 contains 99.01% of fucoidan (71.79 ± 0.56% of carbohydrate and 27.22 ± 0.05% of sulfate content). The fucoidan increased the viability of H
O
-treated Vero cells by 5.41, 11.17, and 16.32% at the concentration of 12.5, 25, and 50 μg/mL, respectively. Further results demonstrated that this effect act diminishing apoptosis by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) via increasing the expression of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes, which was induced by elevating total nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) levels. In addition, the in vivo test results displayed that the pretreatment of fucoidan improved the survival rates and decreased heart-beating rate, ROS, cell death, and lipid peroxidation in H
O
-stimulated zebrafish. Taken together, these results demonstrated that fucoidan isolated from HFPS has strong in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities and it could be utilized in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries.
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