This study was focused on the phytochemical composition and biological
activities of
Anchusa officinalis
and
Melilotus officinalis
polyphenolic-rich extracts
obtained by nanofiltration. The ...high-performance liquid chromatography–mass
spectrometry analysis showed that chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic
acid were the main phenolic acids in both extracts. The main flavonoid
compound from
A. officinalis
extracts is luteolin,
whereas rutin and isoquercitrin are the main flavonoids in
M. officinalis
.
M. officinalis
polyphenolic-rich extract had the highest α-amylase (from
hog pancreas) inhibitory activity (IC
50
= 1.30 ± 0.06
μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (from
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
) inhibitory activity (IC
50
=
92.18 ± 1.92 μg/mL). However, both extracts presented a
significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Furthermore,
the hyaluronidase inhibition of polyphenolic-rich extracts also proved
to be stronger (IC
50
= 11.8 ± 0.1 μg/mL for
M. officinalis
and 36.5 ± 0.2 μg/mL for
A. officinalis
), but there was moderate or low lipoxygenase
inhibition. The studies on the fibroblast cell line demonstrated that
both
A. officinalis
and
M. officinalis
polyphenolic-rich extracts possess
the cytotoxic effect at a concentration higher than 500 μg/mL.
The experimental data suggest that both extracts are promising candidates
for the development of natural antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory
food supplements.
This paper assessed the collagen glue (Col) from rabbit skin for use as a raw material in combination with different water-based dispersants of antimicrobial agents such as ZnO NPs, TiO2 NPs doped ...with nitrogen and Ag NPs (TiO2-N-Ag NPs), and chitosan (CS) for the production of biocompatible and antimicrobial nanofibers. The electrospun nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance in conjunction with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR) analyses and antioxidant activity. The biocompatibility of electrospun nanofibers was investigated on cell lines of mouse fibroblast NCTC (clone L929) using MTT test assays. Antimicrobial activity was performed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Candida albicans pathogenic fungus. Electrospun antimicrobial nanofibers based on collagen glue achieved reduction in the number of viable microorganisms against both fungi and bacteria and exhibited multiple inhibitory actions of fungal and bacterial strains. The electrospun nanofibers showed average dimension sizes in the range of 30–160 nm. The results indicated that both Col/TiO2-N-Ag NPs and Col/CS formulations are suitable for cell proliferation and may be useful for producing of nonactive wound dressings.
The influence of spore concentration on the ability of a
consortium to colonize the
phyllosphere was evaluated by determining the effects of foliar treatments with two spore concentrations, in two ...repeated treatments, on the morphological, physiological, and ultrastructural characteristics, and on the yield and quality of
. The studied crop quality features were related to its nutraceutical use: the accumulation of polyphenols and flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and effects on mouse fibroblast L929 cells. The
consortium consisted of two strains,
T36b and
Td50b, and the concentrations used were 10
colony forming units (cfu)/mL and 10
cfu/mL. As a reference treatment, a commercial product that was based on herbs and algal extracts was used. As compared to the negative control, the treatment with the
consortium at 10
cfu/mL concentration determines the accumulation of higher level of polyphenols and flavonoids and increased antioxidant activity. This enhancement of
quality characteristics after treatment with the higher concentration of
consortium was associated with larger leaves, increased number and size of chloroplasts, improved plant physiology characteristics, and an increased yield. The treatment with high concentration of
consortium spores promotes phyllosphere colonization and benefits both crop yield and quality.
This study evaluated the biological activities of Eryngium planum and of Cnicus benedictus extracts enriched in polyphenols obtained by nanofiltration. The HPLC-MS analysis showed that E. planum ...contains mainly flavonoids, especially rutin, while in C. benedictus extracts show the high concentration of the phenolic acids, principally the chlorogenic acid and sinapic acid. Herein, there is the first report of ursolic acid, genistin, and isorhamnetin in E. planum and C. benedictus. C. benedictus polyphenolic-rich extract showed high scavenging activity (IC50=0.0081 mg/mL) comparable to that of standard compound (ascorbic acid) and a higher reducing power (IC50= 0.082 mg/mL), with IC50 having a significantly lower value than IC50 for ascorbic acid. Both extracts were nontoxic to NCTC cell line. Among the investigated herbs, E. planum polyphenolic-rich extract showed the highest inhibitory activities with the IC50 value of 31.3 μg/mL for lipoxygenase and 24.6 μg/mL for hyaluronidase. Both polyphenolic-rich extracts had a higher inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase than that of the acarbose. The synergistic effect of ursolic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, genistin, and daidzein identified in polyphenolic-rich extracts could be mainly responsible for the pharmacological potentials of the studied extracts used in managing inflammation and diabetes.
It has been performed a complex investigation - morpho-anatomical, physiological, taxonomical and phytochemical one - of Passiflora nutraceutical plants from Hofigal S.A., in the frame of project ...PN-II-PCCA-2013-4-0995, contract 160 (MAIA)/2014. Anatomic analysis of leaf lamina, petiole and stem, provided data with taxonomical importance, leading to the conclusion that plant material belongs to Passiflora caerulea L., in concordance with world monographers of Passiflora genus: VANDERPLANK (2000) and ULMAN & MacDOUGAL (2004). Physiological investigation referred to the following parameters: coefficient k, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance and yield of green plant biomass. Phytochemical investigation consisted in analyzing active principles (polyphenols, flavonoids) content, in correlation with their antioxidant activity and determination of cytotoxicity of Passiflora extracts in NCTC cell line. At 10-150 µg/ml concentrations, it was recorded a normal cell morphology. At concentrations over 250 µg/ml, the plant extract become cytotoxic, altering the cell membrane structure, cells viability and proliferation.
Two chitosan extracts were prepared by chemical and enzymatic treatment of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom, as an alternative source to crustacean shells. The molecular weight of the enzymatic extract was ...lower than that of the chemical one and of shrimp chitosan, as determined by viscosity measurements. Characteristic signals were identified in the 1H‐NMR spectra and high deacetylation degree indicated good physico‐chemical properties for both mushroom chitosan extracts. The scavenging capacity of mushroom chitosan extracts was moderate against the synthetic radicals of 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), but higher values were observed for the enzymatic extract, compared to the chemical extract and shrimp chitosan. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated in L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines and the results of MTT assay showed good cytocompatibility in the tested range of concentrations. The growth of Gram‐positive bacteria was inhibited more than Gram‐negative bacteria in the presence of mushroom chitosan extracts, in particular by the chemical one, indicating their efficiency as antimicrobial agents. All these results strengthen the evidence of mushroom polysaccharide preparations availability for biomedical applications.
The goal of the present paper is to explore the properties of medium molecular-weight chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol blends mixed in volume ratios of 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 obtained by solution casting. ...Cross-linked chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanostructures were obtained by treating these blends with 5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde. The prepared chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol films were characterized by attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering, and cytotoxicity, while the nanostructured materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction. Also, the removal of lead(II) ions from aqueous solution by adsorbents nanostructures was studied in the batch adsorption mode. The effects of adsorbent dosages, initial metal concentration, and contact time on the adsorption capacity were investigated. The FT-IR spectra indicated the interactions of polyvinyl alcohol with chitosan. DSC and TGA analyses revealed the loss of water up to 100 °C. The zeta potential and mobility of the prepared nanostructures were enhanced with the increasing ratio of the cationic polymer. The results showed that the 100% chitosan adsorbent provided the highest removal of Pb(II) during the first 15 min (̴94%). The chitosan100/polyvinyl alcohol0 and chitosan75/polyvinyl alcohol25 nanostructures fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities for Pb(II) ions reached maxima of 7.36 and 7.67 mg/g, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm model best described the Pb(II) adsorption on the 50% chitosan/50% polyvinyl alcohol and 25% chitosan/75% polyvinyl alcohol adsorbents. Furthermore, (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay results demonstrated that chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol films are biocompatible with more than 90% cell viability.
Fish byproducts (bone, scale, or skin) contain a wide range of nutritional components, especially proteins and lipids, the most important of all being collagen ...
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) coated with biopolymers are already known for their enormous benefits, as a pharmaceutical matrix, in the medical and pharmaceutical fields. Here, we report the ...preparation of two types of hybrid matrices, containing SBA-15-MSNs covered with mucilaginous polysaccharides extracted from Althaea officinalis folium in natural and acid pH conditions and polyphenols fraction from Betonica officinalis, respectively. The analysis of phenol composition reveals a selective polysaccharides fraction immobilized on SBA-15-MSNs and evidences higher concentration of polyphenols in Althaeae extract obtained in natural conditions. The acid pH of the extraction conditions favored immobilization of polyphenols on the surface of silica support compared to those obtained under natural conditions. The results regarding the two plant extracts cytotoxicity against the tumour cell line Hep-2 suggest that if Althaeae folium extract is able to reduce the viability of Hep-2 cancer cells likely by reducing the accessibility of the tumour cells to nutrients from the medium, Betonica officinalis extract has the capacity to reduce Hep-2 tumour cell viability by interfering with inner metabolism of the cell. Given these, new effective antiproliferative material biocomposites are expected when combining Althaeae and Betonica extracts.
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