A
bstract
Dark Matter may reside in sector without Standard Model (SM) gauge interactions. One way in which such a dark sector can still impact SM particles through non-gravitational interactions is ...via the “photon portal” in which a dark photon kinetically mixes with the ordinary SM photon. We study the implications of this setup for electron recoil events at TEXONO reactor and nuclear recoil events at the COHERENT experiment. We find that the recent COHERENT data rules out previously allowed regions of parameter space favored by the thermal relic hypothesis for the DM abundance. When mapped onto the DM-electron cross section, we find that COHERENT provides the leading direct constraints for DM masses < 30 MeV.
The gasdermins are a family of recently identified pore-forming effector proteins that cause membrane permeabilization and pyroptosis, a lytic pro-inflammatory type of cell death. Gasdermins contain ...a cytotoxic N-terminal domain and a C-terminal repressor domain connected by a flexible linker. Proteolytic cleavage between these two domains releases the intramolecular inhibition on the cytotoxic domain, allowing it to insert into cell membranes and form large oligomeric pores, which disrupts ion homeostasis and induces cell death. Gasdermin-induced pyroptosis plays a prominent role in many hereditary diseases and (auto)inflammatory disorders as well as in cancer. In this Review, we discuss recent developments in gasdermin research with a focus on mechanisms that control gasdermin activation, pore formation and functional consequences of gasdermin-induced membrane permeabilization.
The scalar nonstandard interactions (NSI) can also introduce matter effect for neutrino oscillation in a medium. Especially the recent Borexino data prefer nonzero scalar NSI, η_{ee}=-0.16. In ...contrast to the conventional vector NSI, the scalar type contributes as a correction to the neutrino mass matrix rather than the matter potential. Consequently, the scalar matter effect is energy independent while the vector one scales linearly with neutrino energy. This leads to significantly different phenomenological consequences in reactor, solar, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrino oscillations. A synergy of different types of experiments, especially those with matter density variation, is necessary to identify the scalar NSI and guarantee the measurement of CP violation at accelerator experiments.
We propose a new scenario of using the dark axion portal at one-loop level to explain the recently observed muon anomalous magnetic moment by the Fermilab Muon g-2 experiment. Both axion/axion-like ...particle (ALP) and dark photon are involved in the same vertex with photon. Although ALP or dark photon alone cannot explain muon
g
-
2
, since the former provides only negative contribution while the latter has very much constrained parameter space, dark axion portal can save the situation and significantly extend the allowed parameter space. The observed muon anomalous magnetic moment provides a robust probe of the dark axion portal scenario.
We propose a new possibility of using the coherently enhanced neutrino pair emission to probe light-mediator interactions between electron and neutrinos. With typical momentum transfer at the atomic
...O
(
1
eV) scale, this process is extremely sensitive for the mediator mass range
O
(
10
-
3
∼
10
4
) eV. The sensitivity on the product of couplings with electron (
g
e
or
y
e
) and neutrinos (
g
ν
or
y
ν
) can touch down to
|
y
e
y
ν
|
<
10
-
9
∼
10
-
19
for a scalar mediator and
|
g
e
g
ν
|
<
10
-
15
∼
10
-
26
for a vector one, with orders of improvement from the existing constraints.
Summary
Bacterial flagella and type III secretion system (T3SS) are evolutionarily related molecular transport machineries. Flagella mediate bacterial motility; the T3SS delivers virulence effectors ...to block host defenses. The inflammasome is a cytosolic multi‐protein complex that activates caspase‐1. Active caspase‐1 triggers interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)/IL‐18 maturation and macrophage pyroptotic death to mount an inflammatory response. Central to the inflammasome is a pattern recognition receptor that activates caspase‐1 either directly or through an adapter protein. Studies in the past 10 years have established a NAIP–NLRC4 inflammasome, in which NAIPs are cytosolic receptors for bacterial flagellin and T3SS rod/needle proteins, while NLRC4 acts as an adapter for caspase‐1 activation. Given the wide presence of flagella and the T3SS in bacteria, the NAIP–NLRC4 inflammasome plays a critical role in anti‐bacteria defenses. Here, we review the discovery of the NAIP–NLRC4 inflammasome and further discuss recent advances related to its biochemical mechanism and biological function as well as its connection to human autoinflammatory disease.
Rural economic development plays an important role in China’s economic development, which can not only directly drive the development of the primary industry, but also indirectly drive the ...development of China’s secondary and tertiary industries. With the development of the times and the advancement of science and technology, the application of intelligent technology in rural areas has become increasingly difficult in the context of social digital transformation, and the digital divide in large rural areas has widened, the energy industry financial technology is not satisfactory. In this context, in order to fully implement the rural revitalization strategy, bridge the digital divide between urban and rural areas, accelerate the pace of urban and rural financial technology, revitalize rural industries as soon as possible, and revitalize rural talents, this paper used machine learning algorithms to apply new energy industry fintech technology to rural revitalization. It can not only reduce the problem of rural information asymmetry, but also improve the rural economic level by 13.7%, which laid the foundation for the implementation of the strategy of technology-assisted financial services for rural revitalization.
Three-dimensional (3D) laser nanoprinting allows maskless manufacturing of diverse nanostructures with nanoscale resolution. However, 3D manufacturing of inorganic nanostructures typically requires ...nanomaterial-polymer composites and is limited by a photopolymerization mechanism, resulting in a reduction of material purity and degradation of intrinsic properties. We developed a polymerization-independent, laser direct writing technique called photoexcitation-induced chemical bonding. Without any additives, the holes excited inside semiconductor quantum dots are transferred to the nanocrystal surface and improve their chemical reactivity, leading to interparticle chemical bonding. As a proof of concept, we printed arbitrary 3D quantum dot architectures at a resolution beyond the diffraction limit. Our strategy will enable the manufacturing of free-form quantum dot optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting devices or photodetectors.
Photoprinting nanoparticles
Nanoparticle assembly often requires tailored selection of the ligands so that they can selectively bond, as with complementary DNA strands. Alternately, they can be linked together at specified locations using photopolymerization to connect ligands at desired places. However, this process adds to the complexity of making the nanoparticles and is limited by the fidelity of the ligand attachment. Liu
et al
. show that light can be used to desorb surface thiolate ligands from cadmium selenide/zinc sulfide core shell quantum dots (see the Perspective by Pan and Talapin). The resulting trapped holes drive bonding between the particles through the remaining surface ligands. The authors reveal photoprinting of arbitrary three-dimensional architectures at a resolution beyond the diffraction limit and for a range of nanocrystals. Printing can be optically selected based on the size and/or bandgap of the quantum dots. —MSL
Photoexcitation-induced chemical bonding enables high-resolution three-dimensional printing of semiconductor quantum dots.
A
bstract
We study the effects of non-standard interactions (NSI) and the genuine CP phase
δ
D
in neutrino oscillations at low,
E
v
≲ 1 GeV, and very low,
E
v
≲ 0.1 GeV, energies. For experimental ...setup with baseline and neutrino energy tuned to the first 1-3 oscillation maximum, we develop a simple analytic formalism to show the effects of NSI. The vacuum mimicking and its violation as well as the use of the separation basis play a central role in our formalism. The NSI corrections that affect the CP phase measurement mainly come from the violation of vacuum mimicking as well as from the corrections to the 1-3 mixing angle and mass-squared difference. We find that the total NSI correction to the
ν
μ
−
ν
e
probability
P
μe
can reach 20% − 30% (1
σ
) at T2(H)K. Correspondingly, the correction to the CP phase can be as large as 50° and hence significantly deteriorates the CP sensitivity at T2(H)K. The proposed TNT2K experiment, a combination of T2(H)K and the short baseline experiment
μ
Kam that uses the Super-K/Hyper-K detector at Kamioka to measure the oscillation of the antineutrinos from muon decay at rest (
μ
DAR), can substantially reduce the degeneracy between NSI and the genuine CP phase
δ
D
to provide high CP sensitivity. The NSI correction to
P
μe
is only 2% (1
σ
) for
μ
DAR neutrinos.
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