Nowadays, most of the public policies to manage the social issues are focusing on motivating people via media campaigns. In view of this, we propose and analyze a nonlinear mathematical model to ...study the effect of media campaigns on smoking cessation. The equilibria of the model have been obtained and their stability discussed. Using center manifold reduction theory, we reduce the proposed model to a system of lower dimension. The reduced system contains all the necessary information regarding the asymptotic behavior of small solutions of the original system. The analysis shows that on changing one parameter of the system (reproduction number, R, which depends on various other parameters), two different manifolds of fixed points cross each other and transcritical bifurcation occurs. Further, for large value of relapse rate the bifurcation is subcritical (backward). This shows that requirement R<1 is only necessary, but not sufficient, for smoking cessation. Numerical simulation also supports the analytically obtained results.
The design and implementation of intelligent space, global, and healthcare arrangements have developed very essential since they automatically monitor both the surroundings and the individuals in it ...to offer support and facilities. Furthermost offer additional provision for the physical aspects of people at the cost of emotional aspects. For that reason, providing psychological and expressive healthcare is also imperative to advance excellence of life. Sentiment recognition is important and advantageous in social computer and social machine communication presentations as emotions specify mental state and requirements. Physiological signals-based emotion identification is a significant area of study with a bright potential for applications. Multiple HRV catalogs, comprising time-domain (MEAN, SDNN, and RMSSD) and frequency-domain (LFn, HFn, and LF/HF) indices were derived using RR intermission (RRI) time sequences that were recovered from ECGs. The most effective combination of ECG mood characteristics is chosen for classification using the Tabu Exploration Procedure(Happy, Sad and Fear). In order to categorize the test data, a deep convolutional neural system is finally created.
Mucormycosis is a rare invasive and fatal fungal infection and its resurgence in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been a matter of grave concern. It is essentially a medical disease, ...but surgical debridement of necrotic tissues is of paramount importance leading to severe craniofacial deformities. In this case series, we present our experience with the feasibility of early reconstruction after surgical debridement.
As a Dedicated COVID Center (DCH), the institute received the largest population of COVID-19 mucormycosis patients from the entire eastern region of the country between May 2021 and August 2021. More than 5,000 COVID-19 were admitted out of which 218 patients were diagnosed with mucormycosis. Nine patients, seven males and two females, with a mean age of 39 years with craniofacial mucormycosis underwent debridement and early reconstructions (2-4 weeks from first debridement and start of antifungal therapy) with free and pedicled flaps. All flaps survived and showed no evidence of recurrence. The average time of the early reconstruction after surgical debridement was 1.7 weeks once the course of systemic amphotericin B was received.
After aggressive surgical resection and a short course of antifungal therapy, early reconstruction can be done safely based on clinical criteria, as long as there is no evidence of hyphae invasion on wound edges in the intraoperative pathology examination.
The topic of maternal Chromium (Cr) levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) has remained controversial; some studies have found lower levels of Cr in GDM population, whereas others found no ...significant changes in Cr status in GDM. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at qualitatively and quantitatively synthesizing past studies to find the relationship of maternal Cr levels with GDM. The study protocol was registered at International prospective register for systematic reviews (PROSPERO) (ID CRD42021272979). Strict adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-analysis checklist, 2009 was followed during the entire study. Random-effect model for calculation of distribution of true effect sizes was used for the meta-analysis with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The pooled Standard Mean Difference of control and GDM groups were compared using Z statistics with a P value of <.05 as significant. Six studies were included for the systematic review and four studies entered meta-analysis. The test of overall effect revealed that the pooled Cr values did not differ significantly between controls and GDM group (Z = 1.52, P =0.13). Heterogeneity between the studies was high (I2 = 97%). A subgroup analysis revealed that results varied as per place of study, trimester of pregnancy, and Cr estimation technique. Results from meta regression analysis revealed that sample size of individual studies (Q = 0.003, P =0.67) and year of publication of studies (Q = 0.22, P =.48) had no significant effect on the overall Standard Mean Difference. Factors such as ethnicity, lack of history of infection, and diet history can influence the results of this study.
The resurgence of the disease in humans that is very similar to smallpox called monkeypox (MPX) disease, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), is the dominant topic of discussion in the scientific ...and popular press around the world right now. This is taking place as the world celebrates the historic accomplishments made in the fight against the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic MPX is currently thought to pose a risk to the general public's health, particularly in areas with high rates of MPXV infection and close human-wild animal contact. Despite the rarity of MPX outbreaks, they are often caused by human-to-human transmission, especially in households and healthcare settings. Recent decades have seen recurrent outbreaks of the MPX after the smallpox disease was declared eliminated and the consequent cessation of smallpox vaccination programs. MPX has presently spread to several countries throughout the world and posed a global public health emergency, with nearly 45000 confirmed cases in 96 countries and locations, and 12 deaths as of August 24, 2022. Even though this viral illness is thought to be self-limiting, its consequences and feasible pandemic potential seriously jeopardize public health. The main approach to avoiding MPX is to adopt appropriate prevention and control measures, increase awareness of risk factors, and inform the public of the steps they may take to reduce viral exposure. Scientific studies are currently looking at the viability and suitability of the MPX vaccination. This article presents a general introduction to MPXV / MPX along with progress in diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and prevention and control strategies for tackling this global health emergency.
In the past five decades, constant research has been directed towards yield improvement in pigeonpea resulting in the deployment of several commercially acceptable cultivars in India. Though, the ...genesis of hybrid technology, the biggest breakthrough, enigma of stagnant productivity still remains unsolved. To sort this productivity disparity, genomic research along with conventional breeding was successfully initiated at ICRISAT. It endowed ample genomic resource providing insight in the pigeonpea genome combating production constraints in a precise and speedy manner. The availability of the draft genome sequence with a large‐scale marker resource, oriented the research towards trait mapping for flowering time, determinacy, fertility restoration, yield attributing traits and photo‐insensitivity. Defined core and mini‐core collection, still eased the pigeonpea breeding being accessible for existing genetic diversity and developing stress resistance. Modern genomic tools like next‐generation sequencing, genome‐wide selection helping in the appraisal of selection efficiency is leading towards next‐generation breeding, an awaited milestone in pigeonpea genetic enhancement. This paper emphasizes the ongoing genetic improvement in pigeonpea with an amalgam of conventional breeding as well as genomic research.
The impact of awareness campaigns and behavioral responses on epidemic outbreaks has been reported at times. However, to what extent does the provision of awareness and behavioral changes affect the ...epidemic trajectory is unknown, but important from the public health standpoint. To address this question, we formulate a mathematical model to study the effect of awareness campaigns by media on the outbreak of an epidemic. The awareness campaigns are treated as an intervention for the emergent disease. These awareness campaigns divide the whole populations into two subpopulation; aware and unaware, by inducing behavioral changes amongst them. The awareness campaigns are included explicitly as a separate dynamic variable in the modeling process. The model is analyzed qualitatively using stability theory of differential equations. We have also identified an optimal implementation rate of awareness campaigns so that disease can be controlled with minimal possible expenditure on awareness campaigns, using optimal control theory. The control setting is investigated analytically using optimal control theory, and the numerical solutions illustrating the optimal regimens under various assumptions are also shown.
Despite our growing knowledge about the COVID pandemic, not much concern has been focused upon the effective pain management in pediatric patients suffering from this SARS CoV2 virus. Symptoms with ...pain like myalgia (10%-40%), sore throat (5%-30%), headache (14%-40%) and abdominal pain (10%) are common in children suffering from COVID. (3-5) We conducted a systematic review regarding analgesia for COVID positive pediatric patients. Cochrane, PubMed, and Google scholar databases were searched for relevant literature. Owing to the novel status of COVID-19 with limited literature, we included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, case series and case reports in the descending order of consideration. Articles in languages other than English, abstract only articles and non-scientific commentaries were excluded. The Primary outcome was evaluation of pain related symptoms and best strategies for their management. Our review revealed that a multidisciplinary approach starting from non-pharmacological techniques like drinking plenty of water, removing triggers like inadequate sleep, specific foods and psychotherapy including distraction, comfort and cognitive behavioural strategies should be used. Pharmacological approaches like acetaminophen, NSAIDS, spasmolytics etc. can be used if non-pharmacological therapy is inadequate. As per the current strength of evidence, acetaminophen and ibuprofen can be safely administered for pain management in children with COVID-19. Undertreated pain is a significant contributor to increased morbidity and poor prognosis. Integration of evidence based non-pharmacotherapies in the multidisciplinary pain management will contribute towards improved functioning, early recovery and better quality care for pediatric patients suffering from COVID.
Obesity is recognised as an important risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), with obese individuals at a four times higher risk of being diagnosed with the syndrome. Treating obesity with ...lifestyle modification is associated with a reduction in the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Yoga comprises lifestyle modification that includes asana (postures), pranayama (breathing techniques), dhyana (meditation) and guideline principles for healthy living (Yama and Niyama). There is a scarcity of data to evaluate the effect of yoga on OSA. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Yoga based lifestyle modification on OSA.
Consenting obese patients (BMI >23) diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (AHI>5) on Polysomnography (PSG) were enrolled. Eligible patients were randomized into two groups. The control group received counselling for dietary modification (staple Indian) with regular exercise and the active intervention group received Yoga intervention as treatment (OSA module) in addition to similar dietary modification and regular exercise counselling. Polysomnography (PSG) was conducted at baseline and one year follow-up. All patients were evaluated at baseline, six months, and one year for compliance and anthropometric parameters. Additional assessment with Hamilton scales for depression and anxiety, SF-36, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index was also conducted.
A total of 37 eligible patients (19 in the control group and 18 in the yoga group) were recruited for the study. The age 45.73 ± 10.71 vs. 46.22 ± 9.39 years, p = 0.88 and gender 15(78.95%) vs. 12(66.67%), p = 0.48 (males) distribution was similar in both groups. After adjusting for age and gender, the percentage reduction in weight between the two groups did not reach statistical significance at one year. There was no significant difference in mean AHI between the two groups at one year. However, the number of patients with more than 40% AHI reduction 2/19 (10.52%) vs 8/18 (44.44%), p = 0.02 was significantly higher in the yoga group. Additionally, within the groups, the mean AHI at one year was significantly reduced in the yoga group 51.2 ± 28.0 to 36.8 ± 21.0/hour, p = 0.003, while no significant change was found in the control group 47.2 ± 23 to 38.8 ± 19.9/hour, p = 0.08.
Lifestyle alteration using Yoga intervention and modification of staple Indian diet may be effective in reducing OSA severity among obese patients.
CTRI/2017/05/008462.
•Yoga may be a useful adjunct in reducing the severity of OSA in overweight patients.•Yoga is a safe and cost effective modality that may contribute to weight reduction in patients with OSA.
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