In order to diagnose physiological activities of individual trees growing in urban area, a remote sensing using a thermographic system from a helicopter was examined at the temple of“Heirin-ji”and ...adjascent area in Saitama Prefecture. Under cloudy and steady-state thermal conditions the information about activities of physiological functions such as stomatal movement, transpiration, photosynthesis, and air pollutant absorption was obtained from the thermal image of trees. The slight injury, which was found in the field survey of individual trees, was diagnosed by the thermal image, although it was not detected from aerial photographs in color. The difference in species of trees was also detected by the thermal image. The stomatal conductance of several tree species measured by a porometer, which is an indicator of stomatal opening, decreased with a lowering of PPFD. The decrease rate was large at PPFD below 200μmol photons m-2 sec-1 but it was small and constant at PPFD above 300μmol photons m-2 sec-1. This result means that it is possible to diagnose stably the slight injury of trees from the thermal image measured under a cloudy sky with PPFD above 300μmol photons m-2 sec-1. The resolution and error in temperature image measured by the thermographic system depended on spatial distributions of temperature. When the difference (5°C) between high and low temperatures in the image was given by slits with zigzag patterns, the resolution and error were ca. 300 lines and ca. 5% (0.25°C) at 50 slits. This result shows that it is necessary to measure at a height below 300 to 500 m in order to obtain the exact temperature of individual trees within 5% in error.
The counter of hospital pharmacy is an important place for expositions on drug therapy to the patients.Inquiries on dispensed drugs at the counter were studied for 4 weeks.In the period, 14, 426 ...prescriptions were filled and 600 inquiries from 404 persons were received. Inquirers'ratio of female was higher than that of male.Sometimes inquirers were made one after another and at other times inquirer was not made more than one hour.It was shown that half of inquirers were made within 10 minutes after the former inquirer left the counter. Different inquirers'ratios were acquired in respective clinical departments and in respective days of the week.Therefore the relationship between the number of inquirers and the number of prescriptions was influenced by both clinical departments and a day of the week as confused factors.In order to lessen the influence of those factors, the data of inquirers and prescriptions were processed by means of dividing office hours into 15 parts at every 30 minutes.The result was that the number of inquirers was proportional to the number of prescriptions.90% of pharmacists'answers to the inquirers were finished within 2 minutes. As to content, 45%of all the inquiries were about use of drugs, and 39%about drug effect. The young patients had a tendency to make inquiries about use of drugs, and the middle-aged patients had a tendency to make inquiries about drug effect.
Arabidopsis Chlororespiratory Reduction 1 (Crr1) Mutants Were Isolated By Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging On The Basis Of Their Lack Of Chloroplast Nad(P)H Dehydrogenase (Ndh) Activity. Crr1 Is ...Homologous To Dihydrodipicolinate Reductase (Dhpr), Which Functions In A Lysine Biosynthesis Pathway. However, The Dhp-Binding Motif Was Not Conserved In Crr1, And The Crr1 Defect Specifically Caused The Destabilization Of Ndh, Implying That Crr1 Is Not Involved In Lysine Biosynthesis In Arabidopsis. Crr1 Contained A Chloroplast Targeting Signal And An Nad(P)H-Binding Motif. In Addition, Crr1 Was Expressed Only In Photosynthetic Tissue As Other Nuclear-Encoded Genes For Ndh Subunits. These Characteristics Indicated That Crr1 Was A Candidate For The Electron Donor-Binding Subunit Of Ndh. However, Crr1 Was Detected In The Stroma But Not In The Thylakoid Membranes, Where Ndh Is Localized. Furthermore, Crr1 Was Stable Even In Absence Of Ndh. These Results Suggest That Crr1 Is Involved In Biogenesis Or Stabilization Of Ndh, Possibly Via The Reduction Of An Unknown Substrate.abstract
We studied the effect of advising outpatients on the rational use of ophthalmic solutions and compliance by a questionnaire (n=158), in order to establish the optimal consultation method. A total of ...41.8% of the patients answered the questionnaire. In compairing the actual use of ophthalmic solutions before and after consultation, the rates of rational use increased for all items except for “applications per day”, which decreased slightly from 93.4% before the consultation to 90.2% after that. In particular, “eyelid closure” and “nasolacrimal occlusion” after instillation, and “the 5 min interval of instillation in the case of plural medication”, considerably increased from 34.8% before the consultation to 60.6% after that, from 9.5% to 50.8% and from 45.9% to 73.8%, respectively. The compliance remarkably improved in glaucoma patients after consultation regarding “the 5min interval of instillation” . Based on these results, our consultation method for the rational use on ophthalmic solutions was thus evaluated. However, since some patients who still did not appreciate the need for the rational use of such medication still presented, further improvements in the consultation method requires for the rational use.
A 13-year-old girl, who had undergone a modified Blalock-Park operation using an equine pericardial patch for a type A aortic arch interruption at 10 days of age, and patch repair of a ventricular ...septal defect at 1 year, presented with recurrent stenosis of the aorta. She underwent balloon angioplasty which resulted in a pseudoaneurysm at the distal suture line of the patch. Endovascular stent-grafting was employed. Soon after placement, the stent-graft had migrated into the distal portion of the descending aorta. The distal aortic arch and proximal descending thoracic aorta were replaced with a prosthetic graft. The migrated stent-graft was removed. The operation was performed through an anterior approach under hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective cerebral perfusion. The postoperative course was uneventful. The migration was likely caused by the limited ability to bend the stent-graft to match the curvature of the arch, the stiffness of the scarred equine pericardial patch, and the shape of the aorta.
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