Mobile phone location data enable us to obtain accurate and temporally detailed long-distance travel distribution. However, the traditional long-distance travel distribution model cannot normally ...handle this detailed temporal information. This study proposes an approach for handling temporally detailed information of long-distance travel distribution. Considering this approach, the origin-destination matrix decomposes into two variables (indicators): destination amenity and travel cost. They can be interpreted as composite indicators of several variables that are treated in the travel-destination choice multinomial logit model. Because they are calculated only from the origin destination, we can discuss their detailed temporal variations. In this study, time changes in destination amenities and travel costs of interprefectural travel in Japan are calculated to confirm the value of this approach. These indicators have succeeded in describing the pattern of domestic long-distance travel in Japan. These quantified indicators have facilitated the understanding of the national land structure. They are useful as outcome measures for policy-making. Moreover, these indicators explain the temporal applicability of the destination choice model. Specifically, the results of destination amenities have a large seasonal variation. This indicates that the parameters of the destination amenity model (i.e., the coefficients of the destination variables) are not seasonally stable. Therefore, this must be considered when dealing with destination choice for long-distance travel.
•The intentions of the residents are predicted using the theoretical backgrounds of the theory of planned behavior (TPB).•A Structural Equation Model (SEM) is developed to find out the relationships ...between different latent variables.•The results of personal norm (PN) and environmental concern (EC) factor shows that respondents place high belief on moral obligations to protect environment and prefer using PT for traveling.•The APT has a positive and significant estimate with PT behavior variable.•The results of TCC factor depict that the traveler’s consciousness about cost and travel time elements of their journey would cause significant impact on their travel choices.
Public Transport (PT) systems play an essential role in fulfilling the travel needs of the commuters’ specially in the urban settings. However, with varying attitudes, beliefs, and satisfaction levels of commuters, it is imperative to check if the current PT system is able to fulfill the needs of the commuters. In order to extract the underlaying factors which might affect the use of PT, a questionnaire survey was administrated in the city of Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. The intentions of the residents of the city were predicted using the theoretical backgrounds of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), based on their attitudes, Subjective Norms (SN), Perceived Behavioral Control, Moral and Environmental Concerns, Access by Public Transport (APT), and Travel Cost Consciousness (TCC), the intentions and public transport behavior (PT behavior) was predicted. The results of Personal Norm (PN) and Environmental Concern (EC) factor shows that respondents place high belief on moral obligations to protect environment and prefer using PT for traveling. The APT has a positive and significant estimate with PT behavior variable. The results of TCC factor depict that the traveler’s consciousness about cost and travel time elements of their journey would cause significant impact on their travel choices. The findings of this research study can offer valuable insights for the government as well as PT service operators for policy making in Kanazawa and other cities with similar socio-economic demographics in the country.
In order to design sustainable urban transport systems, the inclusion of the behaviors of different stakeholders is imperative. In this study, we formulated the interactions of behaviors between ...transport operator, landowner, workplace, residence, route and mode choices, and location of firms and businesses through a combined unified model of land-use and transport system. The commuters have two mode choices for traveling: private car and public bus. They are inclined to choose a transit mode with minimum traveling costs. We combined two models, maximization of operator profit constrained by bus frequency, while maintaining the formulation of other stakeholders through an assignment sub-model. The resulting formulation is bi-level, which is optimally solved for a small-sized instance containing two zones. The findings suggest that if the bus fare is reduced, the demand of public bus is increased. However, the operators’ profit is optimized within a certain range of fares and is lowered when the fare is too low or too high. It is determined that maximum bus frequency does not guarantee maximum profit to the service operator. The impacts of traveling costs on residence choice behavior suggest that if link fares are more, many of people opt not to travel between different zones. The analysis results presented in this paper are calculated for two types of link fares: a fixed fare (30 currency), and a range of link fare (5 to 100 currency). Different variants of the same formulation can be applied for real settings to better comprehend the nature of the model and its applications.
•A unified closed-form expression of logit and weibit with the GEV distributed utility.•Heteroscedastic variance and flexible utility function are allowed in the model.•Traffic assignment with the ...generalized (or unified) logit model is formulated.•The above formulation includes the generalized entropy (Tsallis entropy) term.•The utilities, route choice, and assignment are generalized in Tsallis statistics.
This study proposes a generalized multinomial logit model that allows heteroscedastic variance and flexible utility function shape. The novelty of our approach is that the model is theoretically derived by applying a generalized extreme-value distribution to the random component of utility, while retaining its closed-form expression. In addition, the weibit model, in which the random utility is assumed to follow the Weibull distribution, is a special case of the proposed model. This is achieved by utilizing the q-generalization method developed in Tsallis statistics. Then, our generalized logit model is incorporated into a transportation network equilibrium model. The network equilibrium model with a generalized logit route choice is formulated as an optimization problem for uncongested networks. The objective function includes Tsallis entropy, a type of generalized entropy. The generalization of the Gumbel and Weibull distributions, logit and weibit models, and network equilibrium model are formulated within a unified framework with q-generalization or Tsallis statistics.
Urban growth and transport systems are historically interlinked with each other, and their relationship is not one-way and simple. Since decades, researchers are trying to comprehend the reciprocal ...relationships between land-use and transport. It is not startling that different researcher have taken various approaches to determine these two-way interactions. In this review paper, we bring together some of the prominent research studies on the topic. This article critically reviews theoretical frameworks underpinning relevant research reported over the last six decades. In this review study, historical evolution, comparisons, contrasts, merits, and demerits of different modeling techniques are discussed. Modeling approaches are categorized based on their operational, theoretical, and methodological constraints. This review study provides an inclusive and state-of-the-art literature for practitioners and researchers who are eager to understand land-use and transport integration processes. Future research directions are suggested and some of the conclusions are drawn pertaining to the ongoing challenges facing today’s modeling approaches.
In most cities, traffic conditions vary significantly during the day. A static traffic assignment model may not adequately represent time-dependent congestion phenomena in traffic network analysis. ...Moreover, a dynamic traffic assignment model is too complex and is computationally intensive. As effective alternatives, various semi-dynamic traffic assignment models have been proposed. This paper develops a link-based semi-dynamic user equilibrium traffic assignment model and extends it to consider the signal delay time. In many cities, the signal cycle length changes during the day related to traffic volume, so its consideration is essential. We have previously reported that if the signal stop time is not considered, the route travel time will be underestimated. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this model is illustrated by applying it to the Kanazawa urban area network.
In this study, we analyzed and compared the topology-based vulnerability of several railway networks to plan a preventive strategy using two vulnerability criteria, i.e., global efficiency- and ...algebraic connectivity-based vulnerabilities. We studied the feasibility of the latter as an alternative method. Furthermore, we compared the results and correlations of these vulnerability criteria with each other and the edge betweenness centrality to analyze the relationships between all three indicators that consider the most critical sections of networks. Our case study was obtained by combining three main railway networks in Kyushu, Japan, which have suspended operations in the past because of several natural disasters. These results proffer solutions in identifying the most important sections among stations from multiple viewpoints to manage protection priorities and conduct routine inspections or repairs.
•Logit model is doubly generalized (q-generalized)•Utility follows the generalized extreme value distribution including Gumbel & others.•Utilities are multivariate, and dependency of alternatives are ...allowed.•Correlation structure of multivariate utilities is analytically obtained.•Our model system has a closed-form and parameterized/statistically-unified expression.
In this study, we generalize our previous q-generalized multinomial logit model (Nakayama & Chikaraishi, 2015), in which the heteroscedastic variance and flexible shape of the utility distribution are considered, by allowing for statistical dependency of alternatives. This is achieved by introducing the q-generalization of McFadden’s multivariate Gumbel distribution. Thus, the logit model is doubly generalized; 1) each utility follows the generalized extreme value distribution that includes the Gumbel, Weibull, and Fréchet distributions; and 2) the utility distribution is multivariate, and therefore, a nested or cross-nested structure and dependency of alternatives are allowed. The proposed doubly generalized logit model system allows for deriving new closed-form discrete choice models such as the q-generalized nested logit model and q-generalized cross-nested logit (CNL) model. Furthermore, the model system includes conventional logit models such as the multinomial logit, nested logit, and CNL models as special cases as well as the new generalized logit models, while retaining a closed-form expression. We empirically confirm that the goodness-of-fit of the proposed model could be substantially better compared to that of the conventional models in some cases, though the degree of improvements varies across cases.
Recently, the study of extending the service life of bridges has gained attention. Many bridges have been built during high economic-growth periods, and have now reached the end of their service ...life. Therefore, their rebuilding and the extension of their service life must be considered. The bridges in the Hokuriku region have been subject to harsh environmental factors. For example, flying salt due to the weather characteristics of winter, influence of water from an underground pipe with nozzles that spray liquid to melt snow, sprinkling salt as antifreeze, damage from the alkali silica reaction peculiar to Hokuriku region, and seismic risk caused by active fault zones. The bridge-inspection data was received for three prefectures in Hokuriku. The soundness of the bridge and the degree of degradation are recorded in the inspection data. In this study, we propose a repair-priority determination method considering the seismic risk by using a principal component analysis.
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