The radionuclide
117m
Sn (tin-117m) embedded in a homogeneous colloid is a novel radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) device for intra-articular (IA) administration to treat synovial inflammation and mitigate ...osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs. A study to evaluate tin-117m colloid treatment response in dogs with OA was conducted at two centers, the School of Veterinary Medicine at Louisiana State University, and at a referral practice in Houston, Texas. The tin-117m colloid was administered per-protocol to 14 client-owned dogs with radiographically confirmed, grade 3 OA in one or both elbow joints. Dog owners and attending clinicians assessed the level of pain at baseline (BL) and the post-treatment pain response at 90-day intervals for one year. Owners assessed treatment response according to a pain severity score (PSS) and a pain interference score (PIS) as defined by the Canine Brief Pain Inventory. Clinicians reported a lameness score using a 0–5 scale, from no lameness to continuous non-weight bearing lameness, when observing dogs at a walk and a trot. The rate of treatment success as determined by improved mean PSS and PIS scores reported by dog owners was >70% at all time points. Clinicians reported an improved mean pain score from BL at post-treatment Days 90 (p<0.05), 180, and 270. The dog owner and clinician assessments of treatment success were significantly correlated (p>0.05) at Day 90 and Day 180 time points. Results indicated that a single IA dose of tin-117m colloid provided a significant reduction in pain and lameness and improved functionality for up to a full year, with no adverse treatment related effects, in a high percentage of dogs with advanced, clinical OA of the elbow joint.
Depression is one of the major disorders of the central nervous system worldwide and causes disability and functional impairment. According to the World Health Organization, around 265 million people ...worldwide are affected by depression. Currently marketed antidepressant drugs take weeks or even months to show anticipated clinical efficacy but remain ineffective in treating suicidal thoughts and cognitive impairment. Due to the multifactorial complexity of the disease, single-target drugs do not always produce satisfactory results and lack the desired level of therapeutic efficacy. Recent literature reports have revealed improved therapeutic potential of multi-target directed ligands due to their synergistic potency and better safety. Medicinal chemists have gone to great extents to design multitarget ligands by generating structural hybrids of different key pharmacophores with improved binding affinities and potency towards different receptors or enzymes. This article has compiled the design strategies of recently published multi-target directed ligands as antidepressant agents. Their biological evaluation, structural-activity relationships, mechanistic and in silico studies have also been described. This article will prove to be highly useful for the researchers to design and develop multi-target ligands as antidepressants with high potency and therapeutic efficacy.
As additively manufactured components move away from short-term usability, such as single-use prototypes, towards commercial products used for longer periods of time, the long-term material ...properties, such as ageing and creep, are becoming increasingly important design considerations. Moreover, when additively manufactured components are designed for outdoor use, environmental stressors affect these long-term material properties in a process known as ‘weathering’. In this research paper, an initial set of experiments assessed the flexural creep behaviour of pellet-printed PETG after exposure to three accelerated environmental stressors: UV radiation, temperature and humidity. The outcomes thereof indicated that UV exposure was the only stressor to increase the creep compliance. A subsequent set of experiments increase the UV exposure duration from 100 to 200 h and excluded the effects of ageing on creep behaviour during creep tests. The outcome of this second series of experiments showed that the increase in creep compliance can be attributed to the effects of UV alone.
Brain metastases occur in almost one-third of adult patients with solid tumor malignancies and lead to considerable patient morbidity and mortality. The rising incidence of brain metastases has been ...ascribed to the development of better imaging and screening techniques and the formulation of better systemic therapies. Until recently, the multimodal management of brain metastases focused primarily on the utilization of neurosurgical techniques, with varying combinations of whole-brain radiation therapy and stereotactic radio-surgical procedures. Over the past 2 decades, in particular, the increment in knowledge pertaining to molecular genetics and the pathogenesis of brain metastases has led to significant developments in targeted therapies and immunotherapies. This review article highlights the recent updates in the management of brain metastases with an emphasis on novel systemic therapies.
The global anxiety and economic crisis causes the deadly pandemic coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID 19) affect millions of people right now. Subsequently, this life threatened viral disease is ...caused due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, morbidity and mortality of infected patients are due to cytokines storm syndrome associated with lung injury and multiorgan failure caused by COVID 19. Thereafter, several methodological advances have been approved by WHO and US-FDA for the detection, diagnosis and control of this wide spreadable communicable disease but still facing multi-challenges to control. Herein, we majorly emphasize the current trends and future perspectives of nano-medicinal based approaches for the delivery of anti-COVID 19 therapeutic moieties. Interestingly, Nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with drug molecules or vaccines resemble morphological features of SARS-CoV-2 in their size (60–140 nm) and shape (circular or spherical) that particularly mimics the virus facilitating strong interaction between them. Indeed, the delivery of anti-COVID 19 cargos via a nanoparticle such as Lipidic nanoparticles, Polymeric nanoparticles, Metallic nanoparticles, and Multi-functionalized nanoparticles to overcome the drawbacks of conventional approaches, specifying the site-specific targeting with reduced drug loading and toxicities, exhibit their immense potential. Additionally, nano-technological based drug delivery with their peculiar characteristics of having low immunogenicity, tunable drug release, multidrug delivery, higher selectivity and specificity, higher efficacy and tolerability switch on the novel pathway for the prevention and treatment of COVID 19.
Chondrosarcomas (CS) are malignant mesenchymal tumours with cartilaginous differentiation that rarely affects the maxillofacial region. It accounts for approximately 10-20% of malignant bone tumours. ...The CS is rare in occurrence with aggressive course with high malignant potential, and poor prognosis.
Here we report a rare case of a 37year old female presenting tumoral mass in the lower jaw, for the past 3 years, which was gradually progressive in nature with an area of skin ulceration. The CT revealed a well- defined lesion with soft tissue component measuring 15x12x10 cm in size infiltrating both right and left masseter. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of grade IIICS. Considering the size and aggressive nature of the lesion, surgical resection was done. The reconstruction of the mandible was done with vascularised fibula pedicle flap to achieve acceptable cosmesis. The patient was discharged uneventfully. Though few cases of high grade CS have been reported in literature but CS of this enormous size has not been reported yet.
In this case report we documented the management of a relatively rare but challenging reconstructive maxillofacial surgery. Since in this case the CS was enormous in size and aggressive surgery was required, the cosmetic and functional outcomes were challenging. In our case report we have found that a vascularised fibula pedicle flap gives a good functional and cosmetic outcome and can be used for reconstruction of complete mandible.
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, characterized by the predisposition of unprovoked seizures affecting the neurobiological, psychological, cognitive, economic, and social wellbeing of the ...patient. As per the 2019 report by World Health Organization, it affects nearly 80% of the population, which comes from middle to low-income countries. It has been suggested that 70% of such cases can be treated effectively if properly diagnosed. It is one of the most common neurological diseases affecting 50 million people globally. Most of the antiepileptic drugs used in clinical practice are only 60-80% effective in controlling the disease. These drugs suffer from serious drawbacks of non-selectivity and toxicity that limit their clinical usefulness. Hence, there is a need to search for safe, potent, and effective anti-epileptic drugs. One of the emerging strategies to discover and develop selective and non-toxic anticonvulsant molecules focuses on the design of non-nitrogen heterocyclic compounds (NNHC). Drugs such as valproic acid, gabapentin, viagabatrin, fluorofelbamate, tiagabine, progabide, pregabalin, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), etc. do not contain a nitrogen heterocyclic ring but are as effective anticonvulsants as conventional heterocyclic nitrogen compounds. This review covers the various classes of NNHC which have been developed in the recent past as anticonvulsants along with their chemistry, percentage yield, structure-activity relationship and biological activity. The most potent compound in each series has been identified for comparative studies, for further structural modification and to improve the pharmacokinetic profile. Various optimized synthetic pathways and diverse functionalities other than nitrogen-containing rings discussed in the article may help medicinal chemists to design safe and effective anticonvulsant drugs in near future.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Currently, it poses a significant threat to the healthcare system due to the emerging resistance and toxicity of available drug candidates in ...clinical practice, thus generating an urgent need for the development of new potent and safer anti-breast cancer drug candidates. Coumarin (chromone-2-one) is an elite ring system widely distributed among natural products and possesses a broad range of pharmacological properties. The unique distribution and pharmacological efficacy of coumarins attract natural product hunters, resulting in the identification of numerous natural coumarins from different natural sources in the last three decades, especially those with anti-breast cancer properties. Inspired by this, numerous synthetic derivatives based on coumarins have been developed by medicinal chemists all around the globe, showing promising anti-breast cancer efficacy. This review is primarily focused on the development of coumarin-inspired anti-breast cancer agents in the last three decades, especially highlighting design strategies, mechanistic insights, and their structure–activity relationship. Natural coumarins having anti-breast cancer efficacy are also briefly highlighted. This review will act as a guideline for researchers and medicinal chemists in designing optimum coumarin-based potent and safer anti-breast cancer agents.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence has become common in patients who have undergone catheter ablation. High neutrophil lymphocyte ratios (NLR) have been linked to an increased risk of recurrent AF. ...The research is, however, not conclusive. This meta‐analysis addressed the value of easily accessible and affordable pre‐ and postablation NLR levels as indicators of AF recurrence in patients who had undergone ablation. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar for pertinent studies through May 2023. Using random effects models, the aggregated odds ratio (OR) of pre‐ and post‐NLR and AF recurrence was estimated. Inter‐study heterogeneity was described using I2 statistics and leave‐one‐out sensitivity analysis. A p‐value < .05 was considered statistically significant. The literature search yielded 270 studies, seven of which were included in this meta‐analysis of 1923 patients who experienced AF recurrence after undergoing ablation. There are five retrospective and two prospective studies with a mean follow‐up of 20.5 months. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of AF recurrence for preablation NLR was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.04–1.71, p < .01, I2 = 95.49%), while the adjusted OR was 1.45 (95% CI: 0.87–2.43, p < .01, I2 = 95.1%). The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for postablation NLR was 1.21 (95% CI: 1.09–1.36, p < .01, I2 = 85.9%), and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.28 (95% CI: 0.93–1.76), demonstrating significant heterogeneity (I2 = 95.32%) with a p‐value < .01. NLR was significantly associated with AF recurrence prediction. To detect AF recurrence, we recommend that clinicians add a simple NLR blood test to their diagnostic modalities.
Association Between Preablation And Postablation Neutrophil‐lymphocyte Ratio and Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence: A Meta‐Analysis.
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