Patients with moderate to severe dry eyes are often screened at the Dry Eye Clinic to rule out connective tissue diseases. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is one of the screening tools to rule out rheumatoid ...arthritis (RA). Patients who turn out positive for the RF are often subjected to anti-CCP antibody evaluation for confirmation of disease. This article tries to highlight 3 cases of negative and anti-CCP antibody positive cases which presented to the ophthalmic clinic, unaware of their systemic status. Though RF is the cheapest modality to screen for RA, it is not always a reliable marker. One should order anti-CCP antibody for patients where suspicion is high, despite RF being normal.
Globally powdery mildew (PM) is one of the major diseases of the pea caused by
Besides, two other species
.
and
have also been identified to infect the pea plant. To date, three resistant genes, ...namely
,
and
located on linkage groups VI, III and IV respectively were identified. Studies have shown the
gene to be a
'
' homologue and subsequent analysis has identified eleven alleles namely
to
. Despite reports mentioning the breakdown of
gene-mediated PM resistance by
and
it is still the most widely deployed gene in PM resistance breeding programmes across the world. Several linked DNA markers have been reported in different mapping populations with varying linkage distances and effectiveness, which were used by breeders to develop PM-resistant pea cultivars through marker assisted selection. This review summarizes the genetics of PM resistance and its mechanism, allelic variations of the
gene, marker linkage and future strategies to exploit this information for targeted PM resistance breeding in
.
Background: The current embryo selection methods rely on subjective grading of embryo morphology or a real-time monitoring of the embryonic development and assessment of multiple quantitative ...endpoints. Even up to 40% of morphologically normal embryos harbour aneuploidies. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a technology, which gives opportunity to identify euploid embryos before implantation. Aims: This study seeks to determine the role of PGT in poor prognosis patients, i.e., patients with advanced maternal age (AMA) (maternal age ≥35 years), recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) (miscarriages ≥2) and recurrent implantation failures (RIFs) (in vitro fertilisation failures ≥3). Setting and Design: A retrospective case-control study was done on a group of patients who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection for the indications of AMA, RPL and RIF. Materials and Methods: In 33 cases who opted for PGT, day 5 blastocysts were subjected to trophectoderm biopsy with the help of next-generation sequencing. Euploid blastocyst was transferred in hormone replacement cycle at a later date. In 154 controls, blastocyst transfer was done based on morphological grading. Pregnancy outcomes are compared in terms of implantation rate, pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate and multiple pregnancy rate. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test was used for comparisons between the study groups with respect to percentage. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The highest aneuploidy rate was found in embryos with AMA. Implantation rate was found to be statistically significantly higher in the PGT group as compared to the non-PGT group. However, take-home baby rates were not improved by PGT. There were less number of mean embryos transferred in the PGT group and lower multiple pregnancy rate. Conclusions: With the application of PGT, embryo selection rates and implantation rates improved in poor prognosis patients.
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) co-existent with fungal keratitis in an immunodeficient individual has rarely been talked about in literature. Risk factors for fungal keratitis are trauma ...with vegetative matter, topical steroid abuse, poor ocular surface, corneal anaesthesia, systemic immunosuppression, etc., and for OSSN a major risk factor is immunodeficiency. In current report, patient had multiple risk factors. This report highlights the management of HIV positive 42-year-old male with OSSN and fungal keratitis. A comprehensive evaluation helps clinician decide on treatment priority and achieve good clinical outcome.
The stability issue is very critical for organic hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 to be used in solar cell applications; whereas CsPbI3 is reported to be more stable than that of CH3NH3PbI3. In the ...present work, we attempt to substitute Cs+ in the organic hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 matrix to form Csx(CH3NH3)1-xPbI3 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 in ambient conditions i.e., at room temperature and in air via solid state reaction route. The structural studies reveal presence of both CH3NH3PbI3 (tetragonal, I4/mcm) and CsPbI3 (orthorhombic, Pnma) phases for x > 0. It is appearing that partial solid solution formation has occurred up to x = 0.2 but for x > 0.2, the composite formation dominates. The optical band gap is slightly increased by ∼0.02 eV with substitution. These compounds keep the basic feature of parent CH3NH3PbI3 along with stability of CsPbI3.
•Composite formation of Csx (CH3NH3) (1-x)PbI3 processed via cold sintering method.•Composite formation is studied using structural and optical properties.•Further, this composite formation has also been verified thermodynamically.
We report our investigations on structural, thermal and electrical behavior of 10 mol.% dysprosia stabilized zirconia (DySZr) and 2 mol.% Bi
-doped dysprosia stabilized zirconia (2BiDySZr) prepared ...via a solid state ceramic route. Addition of 2 mol.% of Bi
decreased the sintering temperature of DySZr, promoted the growth of zirconia grains and also improved the density. This also supports stabilizing the cubic phase at room temperature. The electrical conductivity was found to increase on account of bismuth doping in DySZr. The activation energies for conduction in DySZr and 2BiDySZr systems were found to be 1.11 and 1.15 eV, respectively in the measured temperature range, indicating the oxygen ion conductivity in the system. The thermal expansion coefficient of the Bi
-doped DySZr system was found to match with the other component materials for solid oxide fuel cells.
Target sign: An applanation epitheliopathy Durai, Reena; Singh, Prabhakar; Ramappa, Muralidhar
Indian journal of ophthalmology,
10/2019, Volume:
67, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Subsequent slit lamp evaluation showed a characteristic circular mark on the cornea Figure 1, which became more evident on fluorescein staining under cobalt blue filter, as a well-circumscribed ...circular mark similar to “Target sign” Figure 2. Copious preservative-free topical lubricating eye drops had resulted in complete resolution of the clinical sign within 24 h.{Figure 1}{Figure 2} Goldmann applanation tonometry is the gold standard for IOP assessment. ...a prompt drying after alcohol cleaning of the bi-prism head not only offer effective disinfection but eliminate the risk of epithelial toxicity.
Epilepsy affects around 50 million people across the globe and is the third most common chronic brain disorder. It is a non-communicable disease of the brain that affects people of all ages. It is ...accompanied by depression, anxiety, and substantially increased morbidity and mortality. A large number of third-generation anti-epileptic drugs are available, but they have multiple side-effects causing a decline in the quality of life. The inheritance and etiology of epilepsy are complex with multiple underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Different neurotransmitters play intricate functions to maintain the normal physiology of various neurons. If there is any dysregulation of neurotransmission due to aberrant transmitter levels or their receptor biology, it can result in seizures. In this review, we have discussed the roles played by various neurotransmitters and their receptors in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) has remained one of the forefront areas of epilepsy research for a long time. Understanding the mechanisms underlying DRE is of utmost importance because of its high incidence rate among epilepsy patients and increased risks of psychosocial problems and premature death. Here we have enumerated various hypotheses of DRE. Further, we have discussed different non-conventional therapeutic strategies, including combination therapy and non-drug treatment. The recent studies supporting the modern approaches for the treatment of epilepsy have been deliberated with particular reference to the mTOR pathway, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and inflammatory pathways.
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