Article-by-article this volume explains the GATT 1994, its Introductory Note and Annexes, the Understandings on Arts II:1 lit. b, XVII, XXIV and XXVIII GATT, the Understandings on Balance-of-Payments ...Provisions and Waivers of Obligations, the Enabling Clause and the Waiver on Preferential Tariff Treatment for Least-Developed Countries. It also covers the Agreements on Customs Valuation, Preshipment Inspection and Rules of Origin.
WTO - Trade in Services Wolfrum, Rüdiger; Stoll, Peter-Tobias; Feinäugle, Clemens
2008, Volume:
6
eBook
This volume will be a valuable reference tool for the WTO community as a whole, as well as for professionals and researchers, who deal with one of the sectors concerned, e.g. financial services and ...telecommunications.
This paper aims to analyse the concept of indigenous peoples in Indonesia and examines whether the concept is appropriate with an international legal framework. Analysing the concept is essential to ...legitimising indigenous rights under the international law regime. The discourse on indigenous in Indonesia emerged after the government rejected an international treaty on indigenous rights and was reluctant to adopt the UNDRIP into their national law. The government opposes this by arguing that the concept of indigenous peoples under the international legal framework is inappropriate for the Indonesian context. Consequently, indigenous peoples in Indonesia do not benefit from international norms that have recognised and protected their rights globally. This paper found that the concept of indigenous peoples in Indonesia has similarities and is appropriate to the international instrument (ILO169 and UNDRIP). Thus, ratifying the ILO treaty or adopting the UNDRIP into national law will benefit the indigenous in protecting their fundamental rights, including their collective rights to traditional lands under international norms.
The 2005 UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity is a landmark agreement in modern international law of culture. It reflects the diverse and pluralist understanding of culture, as well as its growing ...commercial dimension. Thirty diplomats, practitioners and academics explain and assess this important agreement in a commentary style. Article by article, the evolution, concepts, contents and implications of the Convention are analysed in depth and are complemented by valuable recommendations for implementation. In an unprecedented way, the book draws on the first-hand insights of negotiators and on the experience of practitioners in implementation, including international cooperation, and combines this with a good deal of critical academic reflection. It is a valuable guide for those who deal with the Convention and its implementation in governments, diplomacy, international organizations, cultural institutions and non-governmental organizations and will also serve as an important resource for academic work in such fields as international law and international relations.
Tissue engineering using human cells and tissue has one of the greatest scientific and economical potential in the coming years. There are public concerns during the ongoing discussion about future ...trends in life sciences and if ethic boundaries might be respected sufficiently in the course of striving for industrial profit and scientific knowledge. Until now, the legal situation of using human tissue material for research is not clear. Accordingly, transparency of action and patients' information are a central component when handling patient material inside and outside of the patient-specific treatment. Whereas in the field of therapeutic use of tissue (e.g. transplantation) there is an emergency situation by the shortage of organs with the risk of the premature death of the potential recipient, this cannot be claimed for tissue donation for research. The basis of every surgical operation is the treatment contract, which places the doctor under obligation to the careful exercise of medical treatment containing the patient's informed consent. This contract only covers the treatment that is intended to cure the patient and the medical measures that are necessary therefor. The further scientific use of body-substances, which are discarded after an operation, are not included. Therefore a personal and independent written enlightenment of the patient and a declaration of informed consent is necessary. Examples of guidelines for tissue supply, Patients information and consent were worked out by theologists, lawyers, scientists and physicians reflecting their practical experience in transplant surgery and liver cell research. As a consequence to cover the ethical and legal aspect of tissue donation in Germany a charitable state-controlled foundation Human Tissue and Cell Research (HTCR) was introduced and established.
This book describes the institutional system, the basic principles and the vast variety of rules of the World Trade Organization. It aims at clarifying the structures and the general concepts, in ...order to enable the reader to get a better understanding of the issues at stake in many of the discussions and controversies on world trade.
Leading practitioners and scholars have gathered to provide an invaluable insight and easy access to the law on trade remedies in an article-by-article commentary approach.
In a practical and authoritative article-by-article account, this volume covers the legislative history, interpretation and practical application of the Agreement establishing the World Trade ...Organization.
