There is a link between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) with nonspecific digestive symptoms. Nonetheless, whether HP infection is associated with ...SIBO in adults remains unclear. Based on a meta-analysis, we evaluated this relationship.
Observational studies relevant to our research were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. We evaluated between-study heterogeneity using the Cochrane Q test and estimated the I
statistic. Random-effects models were used when significant heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, fixed-effects models were used. Ten datasets from eight studies, including 874 patients, were involved in the meta-analysis. It was shown that HP infection was related to a higher odds of SIBO (odds ratio OR: 1.82, 95% confidence interval: 1.29 to 2.58, p < 0.001) with mild heterogeneity (p for Cochrane Q test = 0.11, I
= 7%). Subgroup analyses showed that HP infection was related to SIBO in young patients (mean age < 48 years, OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.67 to 4.28, p < 0.001; I
= 15%) but not in older patients (mean age ≥ 48 years, OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.92, p < 0.60; I
= 1%; p for subgroup difference = 0.02). Subgroup analyses further indicated that the association was not significantly affected by the country of study, comorbidities, exposure to proton pump inhibitors, or methods of evaluating HP infection and SIBO.
HP infection may be related to SIBO in adults, which supports the detection of SIBO in patients with digestive symptoms and HP infection.
This study employs a bivariate GARCH model to examine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the interactions of the commodities in the agricultural market via a connectedness network approach. ...Empirical results show that this pandemic alters the commodities' roles-the activators, net transmitters, and net receivers-in the volatility and return connectedness but not for the activators in the correlation connectedness. Moreover, this pandemic enhances the interactive degree of the unidirectional negative return spillovers and the bidirectional distinct-sign volatility spillovers but doesn't for the interactive degree of correlation. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic, a short-term drastic event, can influence short-term interactions like volatility and return spillovers but can't affect one long-term interaction like the correlation. Nevertheless, this pandemic raises the intensity of the correlation as well as volatility and return spillovers. The findings provide policymakers to make short- and long-term investment strategies in the agriculture market.
Understanding the carbon implications of information and communication technology (ICT) is critical for tackling climate change challenges in the digital era. This paper develops an embodied carbon ...analysis framework by integrating input-output approaches to explore the extent to which and how ICT drives carbon emissions at the sector level. With the proposed framework, we not only assess the carbon emissions embodied in various ICT subsectors but also reveal the formation and changing mechanism by identifying their source sectors, transfer paths, and economic drivers. Using China as a case study, we find that ICT sector is far from being environment-friendly while considering its embodied carbon impacts, which are dozens of times greater than the direct impacts. This is because ICT sector can induce significant amounts of emissions through its requirement for carbon-intensive intermediate inputs from non-ICT sectors. The electricity sector and basic material sectors (e.g. chemicals, metal, and non-metal) are the most important carbon sources, and are involved in major carbon transfer paths. The fast growth of embodied emissions in ICT sector is driven by the large-scale expansion of final demand for ICT products, although improvements in upstream production efficiency have largely slowed the growth. We suggest that integrated carbon management strategies incorporating mitigation measures for specific sectors, supply chains, and economic drivers are particularly required for addressing ICT-related carbon emission issues.
•An integrated input-output analysis framework can assess the extent to which and how ICT sector drives carbon emissions.•ICT sector is far from being environment-friendly while considering its embodied carbon impacts.•Fast-growing embodied emissions are driven by the expanding final demand for ICT products.•An integrated carbon management strategy for mitigating carbon emissions induced by ICT sector is proposed.
Household carbon emissions account for a significant proportion of the national total emissions. Using a unique nation-wide survey data, this paper investigates the impact of different subjective ...measures of social awareness on household carbon emissions in China. Subjective variables are found to have significant impacts on household carbon emissions. Feeling secure, compliance with rules, and happiness have negative and significant effects on household carbon emissions, whereas the impact of interest in social issues is positive, which indicates the existence of a gap between awareness and behavior. The impacts of consumer lifestyles on the relationship between awareness and household emissions are also explored and are found to play a significant role in the relationship between awareness and emissions. People with a frugal lifestyle not only associate with lower emissions but also reinforce the role of social awareness. Furthermore, substantial differences are found across rural/urban areas and regional and income groups in China. The government should further promote a green lifestyle and give households more incentives to engage in green consumption behavior.
•Household emissions are studied based on China Household Finance Survey.•Subjective factors are found to have significant impacts on household emissions.•Lifestyles matter in the relationship between awareness and household emissions.•Regional and income differences are considered in the analysis.
Engineering the wettability of solid materials is a traditional, yet key issue in surface science and attracts tremendous interest by researchers in diverse fields. Recently, different superwetting ...phenomena have been discovered in both nature and experimental results. Therefore, in this review, various superwetting states, leading to a “superwettability” system, are summarized and predicted. Fundamental rules for understanding superwettability are discussed, mainly taking superhydrophobicity in air as an example. Then, some recent application progress of individual members of this “superwettability” system are introduced. Notably, several novel application fields, mainly gas, water, oil and/or other liquid environments, are presented in the following section. By combining different members of this “superwettability” system, new interfacial functions can be generated, allowing unexpected applications, such as in environmental protection, energy, green industry, and many other important domains. Finally, the future development of this interesting “superwettability” system is discussed.
A number of superwetting states are summarized to build a “superwettability” system. The combination of two or more members of the superwettability system leads to unexpected yet fantastic applications, such as in environmental protection, energy, green industry, and many other important domains.
The impact of air pollution or socio-economic status on public health is a lively topic for social economists and environmental researchers across the world. Despite a lot of research, there is still ...a lack of clear understanding of the spatial heterogeneous impacts related to public health. In this study, we use the spatial econometric model with panel data to investigate the direct and interactive effects of air pollution and socio-economic status on public health and further explore the regional heterogeneity among different regions. The research results show that there is strong spatial agglomeration in air pollution, socio-economic status, and public health. Aggravation of air pollution significantly damages local public health status, leading to increased infant mortality rate and lower average life expectancy. Aggravated air pollution in one province significantly increases infant mortality in neighboring provinces. The increase in per capita income significantly leads to a significant positive effect on public health. As air pollution continues to increase, the impact of per capita income on improving public health has diminished gradually. Improving the level of education per capita significantly improves public health. As per capita education level increases, the impact of increased air pollution on public health damage has diminished gradually. The effects of air pollution and socio-economic status on infant mortality in the eastern, central, and western regions are heterogeneous.
•There is strong spatial agglomeration in air pollution, socio-economic status, and public health.•As air pollution increases, the impact of per capita income on improving public health has diminished gradually.•As per capita education level increases, the impact of increased air pollution on public health damage has diminished gradually.•The effects on infant mortality in the eastern, central, and western regions are heterogeneous.
Cell‐matrix adhesions play essential roles in a variety of biological processes. Herein, we report a label‐free method to map cell‐matrix adhesions of single living cells on an electrode surface by ...electrochemiluminescence (ECL). An indium tin oxide electrode modified with a silica nanochannel membrane was used as the substrate electrode, at which the ECL generation from freely diffusing luminophores provided a distinct visual contrast between adhesion sites and noncontacted domains, thus selectively revealing the former in a label‐free manner. With this methodology, we studied the spatial distribution, as well as dynamic variation, of cell‐matrix adhesions and the adhesion strength at the subcellular level. Cell‐matrix adhesions of an advancing cell sheet were finally imaged to study the movement of cells in collective migration. A statistical analysis suggests that cells on the far side of leading edge also have the propensity to migrate and do not act as just passive followers.
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) with surface sensitivity was demonstrated to reveal cell‐matrix adhesions of single cells cultured on nanoporous electrode surfaces, as well as their dynamic variation and strength. This approach was further used for imaging cell‐matrix adhesions of an advancing cell sheet to study the moving tendency of cells in collective migration.
Targeted protein degradation allows targeting undruggable proteins for therapeutic applications as well as eliminating proteins of interest for research purposes. While several degraders that harness ...the proteasome or the lysosome have been developed, a technology that simultaneously degrades targets and accelerates cellular autophagic flux is still missing. In this study, we develop a general chemical tool and platform technology termed AUTOphagy-TArgeting Chimera (AUTOTAC), which employs bifunctional molecules composed of target-binding ligands linked to autophagy-targeting ligands. AUTOTACs bind the ZZ domain of the otherwise dormant autophagy receptor p62/Sequestosome-1/SQSTM1, which is activated into oligomeric bodies in complex with targets for their sequestration and degradation. We use AUTOTACs to degrade various oncoproteins and degradation-resistant aggregates in neurodegeneration at nanomolar DC
values in vitro and in vivo. AUTOTAC provides a platform for selective proteolysis in basic research and drug development.
To address the unprecedented increase in China's CO2 emissions over the past decades, the Chinese government has implemented many policies that are aimed at reducing carbon intensity. Applying the ...LMDI method, this study conducts a decomposition analysis of the drivers influencing China's CO2 emissions by examining the details of 41 industry sub-sectors during 2000–2016; further, it predicts the carbon intensity reduction potential in 2020 and 2030 based on various official policies and documents. We conclude that energy intensity was the primary indicator that reduced CO2 emissions, whereas the effects of carbon intensity, energy mix, and industrial structure were relatively minor. During the study period, the effect of industrial structure optimization on the change in CO2 emissions shifted from the promotion of emissions to their suppression, with the inhibiting influence becoming greater over time. Finally, scenario analysis indicated that CO2 intensity would decrease 21.5% by 2020 compared to the 2015 level, and the reduction target of 65% would be achieved fully in 2030 in the outlook scenario. Energy intensity is the largest contributor to the decrease in CO2 emissions during 2016–2020, whereas industrial structure optimization shows the greatest potential for environmental improvement during 2020–2030. This paper concludes that more stringent policies are essential to reducing CO2 emissions in the near future.
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•Decomposition analysis of China's CO2 emissions in production sectors (2000–2016)•Economic growth and energy intensity were crucial factors influencing CO2 emissions.•Analysis of the drivers between and within the three latest Five-Year Plan periods•The emissions intensity target in 2020/2030 is testified under different scenarios.•Industrial structure adjustment has potential to relieve environment deterioration.
Summary
Colistin is a last‐line antibiotic against Gram‐negative multidrug‐resistant bacteria, but the increased resistance poses a huge challenge to this drug. However, the mechanisms underlying ...such resistance are largely unexplored. The present study first identified the mutations of two genes encoding AceF subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and TetR family transcriptional regulator in colistin‐resistant Vibrio alginolyticus (VA‐RCT) through genome sequencing. Then, gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy‐based metabolomics was adopted to investigate metabolic responses since PDH plays a role in central carbon metabolism. Colistin resistance was associated with the reduction of the central carbon metabolism and energy metabolism, featuring the alteration of the pyruvate cycle, a recently characterized energy‐producing cycle. Metabolites in the pyruvate cycle reprogramed colistin‐resistant metabolome to colistin‐sensitive metabolome, resulting in increased gene expression, enzyme activity or protein abundance of the cycle and sodium‐translocating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase. This reprogramming promoted the production of the proton motive force that enhances the binding between colistin and lipid A in lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, this metabolic approach was effective against VA‐RCT in vitro and in vivo as well as other clinical isolates. These findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism of colistin resistance and develop a metabolome‐reprogramming approach to promote colistin efficiency to combat with colistin‐resistant bacteria.
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