The authors built an experimental assembly that enabled to measure the expansive stresses generated in cementitious systems in the course of hydration. The assembly was used to measure stresses ...generated in the hydration of pastes consisting of tricalcium silicate, acting as the cementitious matrix, and gypsum, in combination with CA, C
3A, C
4A
3s, C
4AsH
12 (AFm) and Al
2(SO
4)
3·18H
2O, acting as the expansive component. Also measured were stresses generated in the hydration of hard-burnt CaO combined with tricalcium silicate.
CD40, CX3CL1 and TNF- alpha promote atheroma and neointima formation. CD40 and TNF- alpha are also central to the development of diabetic retinopathy while CX3CL1 may play a role in the pathogenesis ...of this retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to examine whether CD40 ligation increases CX3CL1 and TNF- alpha protein expression in human endothelial cells from the aorta and retina. CD154 (CD40 ligand) upregulated membrane-bound and soluble CX3CL1 in human aortic endothelial cells. CD154 triggered TNF- alpha production by human aortic endothelial cells. TNF Receptor Associated Factors (TRAF) are key mediators of CD40 signaling. Compared to human aortic endothelial cells that express wt CD40, cells that express CD40 with a mutation that prevents TRAF2,3 recruitment, or CD40 with a mutation that prevents TRAF6 recruitment exhibited a profound inhibition of CD154-driven upregulation of membrane bound and soluble CX3CL1 as well as of TNF- alpha secretion. While both CD154 and TNF- alpha upregulated CX3CL1 in human aortic endothelial cells, these stimuli could act independently of each other. In contrast to human aortic endothelial cells, human retinal endothelial cells did not increase membrane bound or soluble CX3CL1 expression or secrete TNF- alpha in response to CD154 even though CD40 ligation upregulated ICAM-1 and CCL2 in these cells. Moreover, TNF- alpha did not upregulate CX3CL1 in retinal endothelial cells. In conclusion, CD40 ligation increases CX3CL1 protein levels and induces TNF- alpha production in endothelial cells. However, endothelial cells are heterogeneous in regards to these responses. Human aortic but not retinal endothelial cells upregulated CX3CL1 and TNF- alpha in response to CD40 ligation, as well as upregulated CX3CL1 in response to TNF- alpha . These dissimilarities may contribute to differences in regulation of inflammation in large vessels versus the retina.
A 54-year-old man with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a history of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the right thigh presented to the emergency department with a 4-day history of right ...lower-quadrant abdominal pain associated with constipation and decreased appetite. Workup showed a heterogenous 6-cm right adrenal mass with macroscopic fat. Imaging was suggestive of benign pathology. Hormonal workup for the adrenal nodule led to the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. The patient underwent a right adrenalectomy for Cushing syndrome with pathology revealing a 6.5-cm adrenocortical adenoma harboring a 2-cm, well-circumscribed neuroendocrine tumor consistent with metastatic MCC. Adrenal collision tumors are exceedingly rare. This case describes a collision tumor that has not previously been identified-a cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma and metastatic MCC.
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