In recent years, the increasing popularity of mobile devices, such as smart- phones and tablets, is driving the demand for integrating multiple radios on a single SoC to reduce cost, form factor and ...external BOM. These devices require ubiquitous wireless connectivity, which means concurrent operation with different radios. While concurrent operation of multiple radios brings excellent user experiences, there exist great challenges in dealing with radio co-existence in an SoC. For example, concurrent operation between WiFi and BT, both oper- ating in the 2.4GHz ISM band, sets additional requirements in RF front-end cir- cuits and system control. In addition, thermal effect of the integrated WiFi PA needs to be compensated to minimize its impact on the frequency-precise GPS system.
This paper presents a dual-band 2×2 WiFi transceiver in 28nm bulk CMOS. Achieved receiver and transmitter EVM floor at 5GHz for 160MHz per channel are -35dB and -33dB, respectively. The 2.4GHz ...integrated PA provides 26.5dBm saturated output power while its 5GHz counterpart delivers 26dBm. The 2.4GHz receiver features mixer first architecture while the transmitter includes a 2nd harmonic notch for emission control.
To assess the incidence of acute pancreatitis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with triglyceride (TG) greater than 500 mg/dL after highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Sequential TG ...levels during follow-up and episodes of acute pancreatitis were retrospectively reviewed in 347, 417, and 571 patients enrolled in periods 1 (2000-2002), 2 (2003-2005), and 3 (2006-2008), respectively. The incidence of acute pancreatitis, defined as consistent clinical symptoms and elevated amylase and/or lipase levels, was estimated.
A total of 5356 TG measurements were performed during the follow-up for 698.22, 884.14, and 1215.69 person-years in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Overall, 9.89% of patients had at least one TG greater than 500 mg/dL. Five patients with TG less than 500 mg/dL developed acute pancreatitis. The crude incidences of acute pancreatitis were 0.6%, 0.5%, and 0.2%, and the incidence rates were 2.86, 2.26, and 0.82/1000 person-years in periods 1, 2 and 3, respectively (all, P > 0.05). The incidence rates of acute pancreatitis when TG levels were less than 500, less than 1000, and less than 1500 mg/dL ranged from 1.2 to 4.9/1000 person-years, whereas it was 0/1000 person-years when TG levels were greater than 500, greater than 1000, and greater than 1500 mg/dL, respectively.
The risk of acute pancreatitis was low among human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients who developed hypertriglyceridemia after receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Background/Purpose Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is the second most common acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining malignancy with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to describe changes in ...the incidence and clinical characteristics of NHL in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in a referral hospital for HIV care. Methods The medical records of HIV-infected patients diagnosed with NHL between June 1994 and December 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Risk stratification of each patient was evaluated using the International Prognostic Index (IPI). Case patients were followed at least for 2 years to assess the 2-year survival rates. Results During the 12-year period, 38 HIV-infected patients were diagnosed with NHL. Their median cluster of differentiation 4 count was 82 cells/μL (range, 2–477 cells/μL) at diagnosis. Before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in April 1997, 9/175 HIV-infected patients (5.1%) developed NHL compared with 29/1,386 patients (2.1%) in the HAART era ( p < 0.05). Although the 2-year survival rate did not differ significantly between patients diagnosed in the pre-HAART era (22.2%) and those diagnosed in the HAART era (24.1%), patients receiving HAART for more than 6 months had better survival rates ( p < 0.05). A low IPI score was a good prognostic factor predictive of a patient's outcome. Conclusion The incidence of NHL in HIV-infected patients declined significantly in the HAART era. Despite the introduction of HAART, the short-term survival of the patients with NHL remained poor. The IPI was a good predictor for survival.
Photocurrent enhancement of superlattice infrared photodetector (SLIP) is demonstrated using SL sandwiched between front (thin) and rear (thick) barriers. These two barriers are utilized for ...photoexcited electrons in second miniband oscillate between them and punch through the front barrier to enhance tunneling probability. However, the supply of electrons is limited by the thick barrier and thus we need to fabricate the emitter contact on the SL. The experimental results of this SLIP shows higher responsivity at low bias (0.15 V, 0.20 V and 0.25 V) and one-order higher associated detectivity (1.2 × 1010 cmHz1/2/W, at 80 K) than conventional single-barrier SLIP. Due to better performance at low bias, this SLIP is suitable for low power consumption applications.
(1) Background: Norepinephrine (NE) is the first-line vasoactive agent used in septic shock patients; however, the effect of norepinephrine on dialysis-required septic acute kidney injury (AKI-D) ...patients is uncertain. (2) Methods: To evaluate the impact of NE on 90-day mortality and renal recovery in septic AKI-D patients, we enrolled patients in intensive care units from 30 hospitals in Taiwan. (3) Results: 372 patients were enrolled and were divided into norepinephrine users and non-users. After adjustment by Inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW), there was no significant difference of baseline comorbidities between the two groups. NE users had significantly higher 90-day mortality rate and using NE is a strong predictor of 90-day mortality in the multivariate Cox regression (HR = 1.497,
= 0.027) after adjustment. The generalized additive model disclosed norepinephrine alone exerted a dose⁻dependent effect on 90-day mortality, while other vasoactive agents were not. (4) Conclusion: Using norepinephrine in septic AKI-D patients is associated with higher 90-day mortality and the effect is dose-dependent. Further study to explore the potential mechanism is needed.
In this study we use low-cost spray pyrolysis method to produce a Al 2 O 3 :Cl/TiO 2 bilayer as rear passivation layer to replace the common known Al 2 O 3 /SiNx laminate in PERC structure silicon ...solar cells. The TiO 2 and TiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 mixed thin film acts a competent barrier from molten aluminum paste during the co-firing process and high refractive index of those thin films demonstrated excellent internal back reflectance (IBR). Very high negative fixed charge concentration is up to 5 × 10 12 cm -2 in TiO 2 thin film being observed and the interface trap density (D it ) can be controlled via Ti/Al ratio and ultra-thin Al 2 O 3 :Cl interfacial layer to maintain good passivation ability and the lowest result of D it is 8 × 10 10 cm -2 eV -1 with a 6nm Al 2 O 3 :Cl interfacial layer. Through the use of Al 2 O 3 :Cl interfacial layer, the carrier lifetime of bulk wafer increase from 60μs to 120μs. All of the results show that this concept is very promising for high efficiency silicon solar cell application.
Based on novel design of moveable magnet between two mutually inimical magnetic forces without strict fabrication, for the first time, we demonstrate successfully a producible power generator with ...significant efficiency enhancement at broadband frequency range of 1 Hz ~ 1 kHz, 3D-colis stack-ability for output voltage improvement, and recycling vibration energy on automobile simultaneously. Even though the vibration frequency is as low as 1 Hz, two orders-of-magnitude improvements in normalized power (the ratio of power to product of external force and coil turns) provided from previous reports can be obtained. Further, comparing our device with maturely accelerometer chip (MMA7361) indicates that proposed strategies benefit harvesting vibration energy on driving automobile indeed. This vibrated power generator inturn provides high potential for applications, such as human motion (1 Hz ~ 2 Hz), sporting (5 Hz ~ 10 Hz), and automotive (10 Hz ~ 1 kHz) etc.
PDF
