The high-entropy alloys (HEAs) exhibit outstanding high-temperature properties and promise in a wide range of applications, such as aviation, nuclear energy and other fields. However, the problems of ...formability and defect control limit the successful realization of HEAs. Herein, we newly developed NbMoTaTi0.5Ni0.5 HEA which renders a high room-temperature compressive strength of 2297 MPa and high-temperature (1000 °C) compressive strength of 651 MPa. Meanwhile we present that the addition of both Ni and Ti can suppress the crack formation and enhance the formability of NbMoTa HEA, prepared by selective laser melting (SLM), without compromising the mechanical performance. Actually, the fracture is suppressed by the transformation of microcracks due to grain boundaries with low stacking fault energy (SFE) which can greatly improve the formability of HEAs while ensuring its high-temperature performance. The current study shall serve as a guideline for the development of refractory high-entropy alloys via additive manufacturing, such as selective laser melting.
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•The addition of TiNi elements effectively inhibited the cracks in NbMoTa alloy during SLM process.•The compression strength of NbMoTaTi0.5Ni0.5 HEA can up to 2297 MPa at room temperature and 651 MPa at 1000 °C.•The results of TEM analysis show that the main grain boundary phase of NbMoTaTi is αTi, and that of NbMoTaTi0.5Ni0.5 is Ni3Ta.•The crack suppression mechanism induced by low stacking fault energy phase is proposed, and verified by calculating stacking fault energy (αTi, 471.4 mJ/m2, Ni3Ta 357.1 mJ/m2).
Periodontitis (PD) is a common chronic infectious disease. The local inflammatory response in the host may cause the destruction of supporting periodontal tissue. Macrophages play a variety of roles ...in PD, including regulatory and phagocytosis. Moreover, under the induction of different factors, macrophages polarize and form different functional phenotypes. Among them, M1-type macrophages with proinflammatory functions and M2-type macrophages with anti-inflammatory functions are the most representative, and both of them can regulate the tendency of the immune system to exert proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory functions. M1 and M2 macrophages are involved in the destructive and reparative stages of PD. Due to the complex microenvironment of PD, the dynamic development of PD, and various local mediators, increasing attention has been given to the study of macrophage polarization in PD. This review summarizes the role of macrophage polarization in the development of PD and its research progress.
To predict the incidence of postoperative ileus in bladder cancer patients after radical cystectomy.
We retrospectively analyzed the perioperative data of 452 bladder cancer patients who underwent ...radical cystectomy with urinary diversion at the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between 2016 and 2021. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the risk factors for postoperative ileus. Finally, a nomogram model was established and verified based on the independent risk factors.
Our study revealed that 96 patients (21.2%) developed postoperative ileus. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that the independent risk factors for postoperative ileus after radical cystectomy included age > 65.0 years, high or low body mass index, constipation, hypoalbuminemia, and operative time. We established a nomogram prediction model based on these independent risk factors. Validation by calibration curves, concordance index, and decision curve analysis showed a strong correlation between predicted and actual probabilities of occurrence.
Our nomogram prediction model provides surgeons with a simple tool to predict the incidence of postoperative ileus in bladder cancer patients undergoing radical cystectomy.
In this article, the calculation model of carbon intensity elasticity based on an input-output table is used to measure the elasticity of China's carbon intensity with respect to development of ...industries, intermediate input coefficients, and energy efficiency during 1990–2015. The industrial differences of the elasticity in 2015 are compared horizontally, and changing trends of the elasticity during 1990–2015 are analyzed in the vertical direction. The main research results imply that: first, in China's 28 subdivided industries, the development of seven industries will increase the national carbon intensity, while the development of 21 industries will decrease the national carbon intensity. The driving forces of some industries show a growing trend year by year; second, lowering industrial intermediate input coefficients by raising the technological level and management level will lead to a significant decline in national carbon intensity; third, the national carbon intensity will reduce by 0.36%, 0.119%, and 0.04% respectively, if the coal using efficiency in electricity and heat industry, coke using efficiency in metal smelting and processing industry, and the diesel using efficiency in transport and post industry increases by 1%; fourth, during 1990–2015, the elasticity of national carbon intensity with respect to the degree of residential coal saving drastically decreased and the elasticity of that with respect to the degree of refined oil saving significantly increased, yet the elasticity of that with respect to the degree of natural gas saving was relatively stable.
•We measure changing trends of the elasticity of China’s carbon intensity to industry structure and energy efficiency.•The development of 21 industries will decrease the national carbon intensity in China’s 28 industries.•Lowering industrial intermediate input coefficients will lead to a significant decline in national carbon intensity.•China should continuously improve energy-related technological level and management capabilities in key industries.
Subjective well-being is based on the unity of internal and external needs, as well as material and non-material needs. However, existing research lacks consideration of the impact of both objective ...material conditions and subjective psychological cognition on the subjective well-being of migrant workers. Thus, based on data from the 2017 China General Social Survey, this paper applies ordered logit models and OLS models to investigate the impact of social cognition and socioeconomic status on the subjective well-being of migrant workers and their intergenerational differences. The results indicate that: (1) Social cognition has a significant impact, and the impact of fairness perception is more pronounced than depression perception and class change perception; (2) among socioeconomic status, personal income did not have a significant effect as education level, car ownership and house property ownership; (3) there are intergenerational differences. The emotional state of the older generation is the most critical factor influencing their subjective well-being. In contrast, the new generation is more concerned with their feelings about future expectations. The older generation is more concerned with their house property ownership, while the increase in income, education and car ownership can significantly increase the subjective well-being of the new generation. For this reason, we believe that the Chinese government should gradually change the existing urban and rural management system to create a fair and just social environment; make migrant workers receive the same protection as urban residents and improve the income distribution mechanism; pay attention to the social security of the older generation of migrant workers and the development opportunities of the new generation of migrant workers and their ability to integrate into the city to improve their subjective well-being.
Periodontal tissue regeneration is the ultimate goal of the treatment for periodontitis-affected teeth. The success of regenerative modalities relies heavily on the utilization of appropriate ...biomaterials with specific properties. Poly (lactic-
-glycolic acid) (PLGA), a synthetic aliphatic polyester, has been actively investigated for periodontal therapy due to its favorable mechanical properties, tunable degradation rates, and high biocompatibility. Despite the attractive characteristics, certain constraints associated with PLGA, in terms of its hydrophobicity and limited bioactivity, have led to the introduction of modification strategies that aimed to improve the biological performance of the polymer. Here, we summarize the features of the polymer and update views on progress of its applications as barrier membranes, bone grafts, and drug delivery carriers, which indicate that PLGA can be a good candidate material in the field of periodontal regenerative medicine.
The dynamic changes of RNA N6-methyl-adenosine (m
A) during cancer progression contribute to quick adaption to microenvironmental changes. Here, we profiled the cancer cell m
A dynamics in the ...hypoxic tumor niche and its pathological consequences in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The m
A demethylase ALKBH5 was induced in GBM models under hypoxic conditions and was associated with a hypoxic gene signature in GBM patient samples. Depletion or inactivation of ALKBH5 in GBM cells significantly suppressed hypoxia-induced tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment and immunosuppression in allograft tumors. Expression and secretion of CXCL8/IL8 were significantly suppressed in ALKBH5-deficient tumors. However, ALKBH5 did not regulate CXCL8 m
A directly. Instead, hypoxia-induced ALKBH5 erased m
A deposition from the lncRNA NEAT1, stabilizing the transcript and facilitating NEAT1-mediated paraspeckle assembly, which led to relocation of the transcriptional repressor SFPQ from the CXCL8 promoter to paraspeckles and, ultimately, upregulation of CXCL8/IL8 expression. Accordingly, ectopic expression of CXCL8 in ALKBH5-deficient GBM cells partially restored TAM recruitment and tumor progression. Together, this study links hypoxia-induced epitranscriptomic changes to the emergence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment facilitating tumor evasion. SIGNIFICANCE: Hypoxia induces tumor immune microenvironment remodeling through an ALKBH5-mediated epigenetic and epitranscriptomic mechanism, providing potential immunotherapeutic strategies for treating glioblastoma.
Chemotherapies are known often to induce severe gastrointestinal tract toxicity but the underlying mechanism re- mains unclear. This study considers the widely applied cytotoxic agent irinotecan ...（CPT-11） as a representative agent and demonstrates that treatment induces massive release of double-strand DNA from the intestine that accounts for the dose-limiting intestinal toxicity of the compound. Specifically, ＂self-DNA＂ released through exosome secretion en- ters the cytosol of innate immune cells and activates the AIM2 （absent in melanoma 2） inflammasome. This leads to mature IL-Iβ and IL-18 secretion and induces intestinal mucositis and late-onset diarrhoea. Interestingly, abrogation of AIM2 signalling, either in AIM2-deficient mice or by a pharmacological inhibitor such as thalidomide, significantly reduces the incidence of drug-induced diarrhoea without affecting the anticancer efficacy of CPT-11. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how chemotherapy triggers innate immune responses causing intestinal toxicity, and reveal new chemotherapy regimens that maintain anti-tumour effects but circumvent the associated adverse in- flammatory response.
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•Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as one of the important targets that mediate tumor resistance.•Tumor hypoxic microenvironment plays an important role in regulating resistance ...of CSCs to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.•Hypoxia maintains the stemness of CSCs through regulation of self-renewal signaling pathways, microRNAs, drug transporters and EMT.•HIFs have emerged as therapeutic targets in cancer therapy.
Drug resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of tumors, which easily lead to relapse or poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as one of the important targets that mediate tumor resistance. Increasing evidence shows that the tumor hypoxia microenvironment is closely related to the resistance of CSCs to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we intend to review the articles that have described how the hypoxic microenvironment affects CSC stemness and mediates tumor resistance and provide new directions and methods in the clinical treatment of tumors. Here, we also discuss the feasibility and development prospects of using hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) that regulate the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors as targeted agents to treat tumors, as well as to reduce or even reverse the resistance of tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Artificial intelligence (AI), the technique of extracting information from complex database using sophisticated computer algorithms, has incorporated itself in medical field. AI techniques have shown ...the potential to accelerate the progression of diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease and so on. In clinical scenario, AI have been proved to apply well in CVD diagnosis, enhance effectiveness of auxiliary tools, disease stratification and typing, and outcome prediction. Deeply developed to capture subtle connections from massive amounts of healthcare data, recent AI algorithms are expected to handle even more complex tasks than traditional methods. The aim of this review is to introduce current applications of AI in CVDs, which may allow clinicians who have limited expertise of computer science to better understand the frontier of the subject and put AI algorithms into clinical practice.
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