This paper constructs an evolutionary game model by making relevant research hypotheses on higher education management and student cultivation with evolutionary game theory, selecting the ...evolutionary strategies of higher education management and students, and solving the expected returns of higher education management and student cultivation through the payoff function. A separate equilibrium game is solved for the replicated dynamic equations of the evolutionary game so as to better analyze the dynamic evolutionary game relationship between higher education management and student cultivation. The stability analysis of the evolutionary game model for higher education management and student cultivation was carried out, and numerical validation was performed using MATLAB software. The results show that when
+
<
, the benefits of both universities and students are higher than the costs, and at this time (1,1) is the evolutionary stability point, the university management and students learning by heart are the evolutionary stability strategy, and both sides tend to take a positive strategy. When the proportion of the university education management department choosing “attentive management” strategy is 0.9, its evolutionary path of students choosing “attentive learning” strategy proportion increases and then tends to 1, so as to reach a stable state. The best evolutionary stability point is achieved when the strategies of higher education management and student training choice are both 0.7 and 0.8 after the university incentive policy is introduced.
Hypoxia, a salient feature of most solid tumors, confers invasiveness and resistance to the tumor cells. Oxygen-consumption photodynamic therapy (PDT) suffers from the undesirable impediment of local ...hypoxia in tumors. Moreover, PDT could further worsen hypoxia. Therefore, developing effective strategies for manipulating hypoxia and improving the effectiveness of PDT has been a focus on antitumor treatment. In this review, the mechanism and relationship of tumor hypoxia and PDT are discussed. Moreover, we highlight recent trends in the field of nanomedicines to modulate hypoxia for enhancing PDT, such as oxygen supply systems, down-regulation of oxygen consumption and hypoxia utilization. Finally, the opportunities and challenges are put forward to facilitate the development and clinical transformation of PDT.
Review of mechanisms and relationships of tumor hypoxia and photodynamic therapy as well as four nanomedicine delivery systems for manipulating tumor hypoxia to enhance the photodynamic therapy. Display omitted
This study aimed to provide comprehensive clinical screening data for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). This study included 312 patients who underwent high‐resolution anoscopy (HRA) examinations ...between January 1, 2020 and April 15, 2024. Clinical data, including demographic information, clinical history, cytology/high‐risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) results, and HRA records, were analyzed.
The median age of all patients was 42 years (interquartile range: 33–52 years). Approximately 26.3% reported a history of VIN2/3+, 13.5% had a history of VaIN2/3+, 29.8% had a history of CIN2/3+, 44.6% had persistent cervical HPV16 infection, and 12.5% had immune suppression. Among the 312 patients, 14.4% were diagnosed with AIN2/3, 25.0% with AIN1 and 60.6% were normal. Anal cytological abnormalities were found in 41.3% of all patients, with a significantly higher rate in AIN2/3 patients than in ≤AIN1, 71.1% versus 36.3%, p < 0.001. The hrHPV positivity rate was 89.7%, with HPV16 being the most prevalent. The complete agreement rate for HRA impressions was 79.5%. Multi‐variable analysis revealed immune suppression (odds ratio OR: 3.47, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.42–8.5) and VIN2/3+ (OR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.27–6.28) were independent risk factors for AIN2/3. Abnormal cytology results (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.52–7.17) and anal HPV16 infection (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.26–8.12) demonstrated similar ORs for AIN2/3. Early screening for AIN2/3+ is crucial in Chinese women with lower genital tract precancerous and cancerous lesions, particularly in those with VIN2/3+ and immune suppression.
PTEN is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancer. Although the roles of canonical PTEN protein and PTEN isoforms have been extensively explored, the current understanding of PTEN ...family members cannot fully illustrate the diversity of their roles in biological processes and tumor development. Notably, the function of noncoding RNAs arising from PTEN has been less elucidated.
We searched circBase and circInteractome to analyze the potential of PTEN for generating circRNAs. Then, Sanger sequencing, RNase R and Actinomycin D assays were used to verify the ring structure of circPTEN1. In situ hybridization and qRT-PCR were used to determine the level of circPTEN1 in peritumor and tumor tissues of colorectal cancer (CRC). Furthermore, functional experiments, including Transwell assay, 3D multicellular tumor spheroid invasion assay and metastasis models, were performed using circPTEN1 knockdown and overexpression cell lines in vitro and in vivo to investigate the effects of circPTEN1 on tumor metastasis in CRC. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down and mass spectrometry were executed.
We identified a circular RNA generated from the PTEN gene, designated circPTEN1, that is frequently downregulated in colorectal cancer, and decreased expression of circPTEN1 predicts poor survival. Low expression of circPTEN1 promotes metastasis in PDX models in vivo and accelerates cancer cell invasion in vitro, whereas overexpression of circPTEN1 reveals opposite roles. Mechanically, we found that circPTEN1 is capable of binding the MH2 domain of Smad4 to disrupt its physical interaction with Smad2/3, which reduces the formation and subsequent nucleus translocation of Smad complexes and consequently suppresses the expression of its downstream genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition upon TGF-β stimulation. Furthermore, we found that eIF4A3 suppresses the cyclization of circPTEN1 by directly binding to the circPTEN1 flanking region.
Our study uncovered a novel PTEN gene-generated circRNA with a tumor suppression function, and further revealed the mechanism of circPTEN1 in CRC metastasis mediated by TGF-β. The identification of circPTEN1 provides a new direction for PTEN investigation, and elucidation of circPTEN1/TGF-β/Smad signaling may pave the way for the development of a potential therapeutic strategy for the suppression of cancer progression.
A series of copper sulfide nanocrystals/graphene nanocomposites (CuS/GR) with different weight ratios of GR were fabricated via a one-step hydrothermal approach by using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as ...the source of sulfur and solvent. The as-prepared samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), transmission scanning electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence spectra (PL) are employed to determine the properties of the samples. The results show that the CuS nanocrystals with an average size of 16nm almost overspread on the GR graphene scaffold. The samples exhibit excellent photocatalytic activities in degrading the methylene blue (MB) compared with pure CuS. This work shows that CuS/GR nanocomposites would be promising in dye wastewater treatment as Fenton-like reagents.
The Yellow River Basin (YRB) in China.
This study is devoted to simulating flood changes with return periods of 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 and 200 years under three Representative Concentration Pathways ...(RCPs) using CaMa-Flood models, and examining the drivers.
In the historical period (1961–2005), the middle and lower YRB and specifically the Wei River Basin (WRB) (a tributary of the middle YRB) are dominated by higher flood risks with once-in-200-year flood magnitude of 9989.63 m3/s. Under climate change scenarios, the relative change in the once-in-100-year flood magnitude increased from 125.0% (RCP2.6) to 204.9% (RCP8.5) during the historical period (1961–2005) to the long-term period (2076–2092). The historical flood-prone regions were more susceptible to increased flood magnitude. Meanwhile, the area with increased flood risks ranged from 73.6% to 95.2% in the YRB. Increased flood magnitude was typically related to lengthened return interval of floods under the RCP2.6 and RCP6.0 scenarios, while decreased flood magnitude was commonly linked to increased return intervals under the RCP8.5 scenarios. Notably, we observed higher correlations between 7-day maximum precipitation and floods compared to those between daily maximum precipitation, soil moisture, and floods. Co-occurrences between flood events and hydrometeorological extremes were higher in the upper and middle YRB.
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•We found amplified flood risks for 200-year flood over the Yellow River basin.•Historical flood-prone regions were more susceptible to increasing flood magnitude under warming scenarios.•100-year flood magnitude is likely to increase from 111.9%–117.0% in 2006–2022 and 125.0%–204.9% in 2076–2092.•7-day precipitation extremes are closely related to floods in upper/middle Yellow River basin.
The decision‐making and risk assessment of electricity purchase and sales is the key to adapt to the electricity market for independent electricity retailers in China. This research carried out the ...purchase and sales risks of electricity for electricity retailers and constructed the multi‐level market purchase and sales combination optimization model. Based on the portfolio optimization theory, the conditional value at risk theory (CVaR) was proposed. Based on the evaluation index about the conditional risk profit and CVaR, electricity retailers purchase and sales combined optimization model has been constructed to explore the impact of purchase and sales risks by different factors in multi‐level electricity market. The example analysis was carried out by the fixed spread mode and the linkage spread mode. The results showed that the mathematical mean and variance of market spread had great influence on the electricity purchase and sales combination. Especially in the mature electricity market, the mathematical mean of spread and risk in medium‐ and long‐term market was smaller than that in spot market, and the best point of the electricity purchase and sales combination was shown on the smallest value of CVaR, while the electricity purchase and sales combination was optimal under limited conditions.
The research on the purchase and sale of electricity risks of electricity retailers has been carried out, and the multi‐level market purchase and sale combination optimization model have been constructed. Based on the portfolio optimization theory, the conditional risk value theory is proposed. Based on the evaluation index about the conditional risk profit and CVaR, electricity retailers purchase and sell combined optimization model has been constructed to explore the impact of purchase and sale risks by different factors in multi‐level electricity market.
Since the Z0011 trial, the assessment of axillary lymph node status has been redirected from the previous assessment of the occurrence of lymph node metastasis alone to the assessment of the degree ...of lymph node loading. Our aim was to apply preoperative breast ultrasound and clinicopathological features to predict the diagnostic value of axillary lymph node load in early invasive breast cancer.
The 1247 lesions were divided into a high lymph node burden group and a limited lymph node burden group according to axillary lymph node status. Univariate and multifactorial analyses were used to predict the differences in clinicopathological characteristics and breast ultrasound characteristics between the two groups with high and limited lymph node burden. Pathological findings were used as the gold standard.
Univariate analysis showed significant differences in ki-67, maximum diameter (MD), lesion distance from the nipple, lesion distance from the skin, MS, and some characteristic ultrasound features (P < 0.05). In multifactorial analysis, the ultrasound features of breast tumors that were associated with a high lymph node burden at the axilla included MD (odds ratio OR, 1.043; P < 0.001), shape (OR, 2.422; P = 0.0018), hyperechoic halo (OR, 2.546; P < 0.001), shadowing in posterior features (OR, 2.155; P = 0.007), and suspicious lymph nodes on axillary ultrasound (OR, 1.418; P = 0.031). The five risk factors were used to build the predictive model, and it achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.702.
Breast ultrasound features and clinicopathological features are better predictors of high lymph node burden in early invasive breast cancer, and this prediction helps to develop more effective treatment plans.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration with increasing prevalence and unsatisfactory treatment efficacy. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells play an ...important role in alleviating OA by promoting cartilage regeneration, inhibiting synovial inflammation and mediating subchondral bone remodeling without the risk of immune rejection and tumorigenesis. However, low yield, weak activity, inefficient targeting ability and unpredictable side effects of natural exosomes have limited their clinical application. At present, various approaches have been applied in exosome engineering to regulate their production and function, such as pretreatment of parental cells, drug loading, genetic engineering and surface modification. Biomaterials have also been proved to facilitate efficient delivery of exosomes and enhance treatment effectiveness. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the biogenesis, isolation and characterization of natural exosomes, and focus on the large-scale production and preparation of engineered exosomes, as well as their therapeutic potential in OA, thus providing novel insights into exploring advanced MSC-derived exosome-based cell-free therapy for the treatment of OA.
CD8
T cell tolerance plays an important role in tumor escape. Recent studies have shown that CD45
erythroid progenitor cells (CD45
EPCs) generated through splenic extramedullary erythropoiesis ...suppress tumor immunity. However, the mechanism underlying how CD45
EPCs mediate CD8
T cell tolerance remains incompletely understood and requires further research.
In this study, the antigen-processing abilities of CD45
EPCs was verified through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. We have used the method of co-culture in vitro and adoptive transfer experiments in vivo to explore the effects of CD45
EPCs on CD8
T cell tolerance. RNA-sequencing analysis and blocking experiments were used to evaluate the role of ROS in the CD45
EPC mediated tolerance of CD8
T cells. Finally, we incorporated uric acid into the adoptive transfer experiments to rescue the CD45
EPC mediated tumor-promoting effect.
We found that CD45
EPCs take up soluble proteins, present antigenic epitopes on their surface, and induce antigen-specific CD8
T cell anergy. In addition, we found that CD45
EPC directly nitrates tyrosine within the TCR/CD8 complex via the production of reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite, preventing CD8
T cells from responding to their specific peptide antigens. Furthermore, uric acid treatment effectively abolished the immunosuppressive effects of CD45
EPCs during CD8
T cell adoptive transfer, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor efficacy. These results demonstrated that CD8
T cell tolerance in tumor-bearing mice is induced by CD45
EPCs. The results of this study have direct implications for tumor immunotherapy.
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