Chapter 5: Law and regulation Sussman, Edna; Major, David C.; Deming, Rachel ...
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
05/2010, Volume:
1196, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases of aging men. It is estimated that by age 60 years, greater than 50% of men will have histologically documented evidence of the ...disease. Therapy for this disease has evolved considerably from its inception. Recent data from long-term population-based studies have shed new light on the treatment of this common problem in aging men. The authors review the current state of diagnosis of BPH and medical therapy for this condition in the primary care setting.
Making the Geologic Now announces shifts in cultural sensibilities and practices. It offers early sightings of an increasingly widespread turn toward the geologic as source of explanation, ...motivation, and inspiration for creative responses to conditions of the present moment. In the spirit of a broadside, this edited collection circulates images and short essays from over 40 artists, designers, architects, scholars, and journalists who are actively exploring and creatively responding to the geologic depth of “now.” Contributors’ ideas and works are drawn from architecture, design, contemporary philosophy and art. They are offered as test sites for what might become thinkable or possible if humans were to collectively take up the geologic as our instructive co-designer—as a partner in designing thoughts, objects, systems, and experiences. Recent natural and human-made events triggered by or triggering the geologic have made volatile earth forces sense-able and relevant with new levels of intensity. As a condition of contemporary life in 2012, the geologic “now” is lived as a cascade of events. Humans and what we build participate in their unfolding. Today, and unlike the environmental movements of the 1970s, the geologic counts as “the environment” and invites us to extend our active awareness of inhabitation out to the cosmos and down to the Earth’s iron core.
We have localized factor-VIII-related antigen, using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, in adult human blood vessels. In addition to its presence in endothelial cells, the antigen was ...localized within subendothelium and the layers of elastic lamina closest to the lumen. Also, we provide the first morphological evidence that factor-VIII-related antigen is associated with collagen fibrils within the vessel wall. These studies suggest that this subendothelial factor-VIII-related antigen may play a role in the adhesion of platelets to subendothelial components following endothelial injury.
Factor-VIII-related antigen has previously been shown to be synthesized by vascular endothelial cells. Using both an immunofluorescent staining technique and electron microscopy, we have demonstrated ...the presence of factor-VIII-related antigen in human vascular subendothelium. This finding may have implications in the mechanism of platelet adhesion to deendothelialized blood vessel surfaces.
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells can be grown in vitro for 28 passages (CPDL 58) in Medium 199 supplemented with newborn bovine serum and a partially purified growth factor derived from bovine ...brain. Newborn bovine serum is superior to fetal bovine serum for the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells seeded at low density in the presence of the growth factor. The endothelial cells, which can be passaged every 7 to 10 d at a 1-to-5 split ratio, retain their morphological and biochemical characteristics. The proliferation of cells seeded at low density ($10^{3}/cm^2$) is proportional to the concentration of the growth factor present in the medium. The growth factor, which has an isoelectric point between 5.0 and 5.5, can support cell proliferation at reduced serum concentrations; half-maximal growth is achieved in medium containing the growth factor and 3% serum. The brain endothelial cell growth factor does not stimulate DNA synthesis significantly in cultures of human skin fibroblasts.
Data security breaches affecting large segments of the US population continue to dominate the news. Over the past few years, there has been considerable confusion among employers with group health ...plans regarding the extent of their responsibility to notify state agencies of security breaches when a vendor or other third party with access to participant information suffers a breach. Frequently asked questions and answers presented in this article are designed to help employers with group health plans (data owners) navigate the challenging regulatory maze.
The presence of preexisting saphenous vein lesions adversely affects graft patency. Despite careful preoperative venous duplex examination and meticulous intraoperative evaluation, clinically ...significant saphenous vein disease may remain undetected. We evaluated angioscopy as a means to better detect these vein lesions.
Ninety saphenous vein remnants, obtained at bypass surgery, were perfusion fixed for subsequent angioscopic and histologic evaluation. The specimens were categorized by independent examiners on the basis of the angioscopic or light microscopic findings. Of the 90 vein remnants, 66 were normal by angioscopic criteria. Fifty-three (80%) of these angioscopically normal vein segments were normal histologically, and all 24 angioscopically abnormal saphenous vein remnants showed disease on microscopic examination.
Angioscopy correctly identified sclerotic vein segments (n = 20) by irregular white plaques, whereas postphlebitic veins (n = 3) demonstrated multiple lumens, fibrous strands, and thickened opaque valve cusps on angioscopic evaluation. Absence of an angioscopic lumen was confirmed histologically in occluded veins (n = 2). Angioscopy failed to identify thick-walled (n = 10) and varicose (n = 2) vein segments as abnormal; one sclerotic segment was normal angioscopically, thereby lowering the sensitivity of angioscopy.
Angioscopy detected unsuspected preexisting saphenous vein disease in five patients undergoing arterial reconstruction with saphenous vein. Because the use of angioscopy is a reliable means of prospectively assessing the vein for most preexisting lesions, its routine use may ultimately improve graft patency.
Catfish pancreatic somatostatin, which contains eight additional amino acids on the amino terminus of a tetradecapeptide with considerable homology to tetradecapeptide somatostatin (SRIF), is a ...naturally occurring homolog of the hypothalamic peptide. The purpose of these studies was to determine the biological activity of this somatostatin homolog. Inhibition of 125I-labelled tyr1-SRIF binding to bovine pituitary plasma membranes by catfish pancreatic somatostatin was approximately 33% that of SRIF. Pancreatic somatostatin had full biological activity measured by inhibition of growth hormone release from isolated rat pituitary cells, but 0.01-0.1% the potency of SRIF. Pancreatic somatostatin at 100 ng/ml produced a 50-60% inhibition of insulin and glucagon secretion from perfused rat pancreas, while SRIF produced comparable inhibition at 10 ng/ml. This report demonstrates that a larger molecular form and natural homolog of SRIF, isolated from fish pancreas, has the same (but reduced) biological activities in rat assay systems as somatostatin originally isolated from sheep hypothalamus.
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