Using electron spectroscopy, we have investigated nanoplasma formation from noble gas clusters exposed to high-intensity hard-x-ray pulses at ~5 keV. Our experiment was carried out at the SPring-8 ...Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) facility in Japan. Dedicated theoretical simulations were performed with the molecular dynamics tool XMDYN. We found that in this unprecedented wavelength regime nanoplasma formation is a highly indirect process. In the argon clusters investigated, nanoplasma is mainly formed through secondary electron cascading initiated by slow Auger electrons. Energy is distributed within the sample entirely through Auger processes and secondary electron cascading following photoabsorption, as in the hard x-ray regime there is no direct energy transfer from the field to the plasma. This plasma formation mechanism is specific to the hard-x-ray regime and may, thus, also be important for XFEL-based molecular imaging studies. In xenon clusters, photo- and Auger electrons contribute more significantly to the nanoplasma formation. Good agreement between experiment and simulations validates our modelling approach. This has wide-ranging implications for our ability to quantitatively predict the behavior of complex molecular systems irradiated by high-intensity hard x-rays.
Only two reports in English literature have described cement foreign bodies in the external auditory canal.
We present the case of a 37 year-old man with cement foreign body in the right external ...auditory canal. Removal of the foreign body was difficult because of severe adhesion to the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane. We therefore used acidic Burow's solution to dissolve the alkaline cement deposition. Application of Burow's solution immediately caused the deposition to take on a paste-like consistency that was easily removed.
Burow's solution seems useful for removing cement foreign bodies in the external auditory canal.
1. We examined the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacteria, on food passage in the digestive tract of chickens (Gallus gallus) in order to clarify whether bacterial ...infection affects food passage in birds.
2. Food passage in the crop was significantly reduced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of LPS while it did not affect the number of defecations, suggesting that LPS may affect food passage only in the upper digestive tract.
3. Similar to LPS, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), one of the mediators of LPS, also reduced crop-emptying rate in chickens while it had no effect on the number of defecations.
4. Pretreatment with indomethacin, which is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX), a prostaglandin synthase, had no effect on LPS-induced inhibition of crop emptying.
5. IP injection of LPS did not affect the mRNA expression of COX2 in the upper digestive tract of chickens.
6. It is therefore likely that LPS and PGE2 reduced food passage rate in the crop by a prostaglandin-independent pathway in chickens.
Photodetachment of the positronium negative ion, a bound state of one positron and two electrons, has been observed. Development of a method to produce the ions efficiently using a Na coated tungsten ...surface has enabled the first observation of the photodetachment. The obtained lower limit of the photodetachment cross section for the wavelength of 1064 nm is consistent with the theoretical calculations reported so far. The experimental field developed in the present work gives new opportunities to explore the quantum mechanical three-body problem and to develop energy-tunable positronium beams.
•Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a benign lymphoproliferative disorder, however, it is often resistant to various therapies.•Topical corticosteroid and PUVA therapy are among the first choice of the ...treatment, but systemic therapies are often required.•Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was applied to a LyP patient, and the recurrence was prevented.•Topical aminolevulinic acid-PDT might work as a field therapy for LyP via immunogenic cell death mechanism.
To develop a method to predict the risk of drug-drug interactions involving the inhibition of intestinal CYP3A4 or P-glycoprotein, data from clinical drug-drug interaction studies of CYP3A4 and/or ...P-glycoprotein substrates were analysed. The ratio of inhibitor dose (Dosei) to inhibition constant (Ki), termed the drug-interaction number, was used to index intestinal drug-drug interaction.
From the analysis, it was found that (1) CYP3A4 inhibitors with a drug-interaction number below 2.8 L have a low risk of interacting with substrates which exhibit intestinal first-pass metabolism and those with a drug-interaction number above 9.4 L have a high risk; (2) P-glycoprotein inhibitors with a drug-interaction number below 10.8 L have a low risk of interacting with P-glycoprotein substrates and those with a drug-interaction number above 27.9 L have a high risk; and (3) the drug-interaction number indexes, 2.8 L and 9.4 L for CYP3A4 and 10.8 L and 27.9 L for P-glycoprotein were validated by data from dual CYP3A4/P-glycoprotein substrates.
In conclusion, the drug-interaction number is useful for classifying the risk of drug-drug interactions involving the inhibition of intestinal CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein. This drug-interaction number-based approach is similar to the method that the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) recently proposed in the draft guidance for predicting P-glycoprotein-mediated drug-drug interaction.
Recent developments of the Slow Positron Facility at the Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) are reported. We have modified the ...converter/moderator assembly for slow positron beam production, yielding an increase of an order of magnitude in the intensity of the beam. The first observation of the photodetachment of the positronium negative ion (Ps
−
), and the installation of a reflection high-energy positron diffraction (RHEPD) station and the initial data obtained are reported.
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