We have studied the desorption of positive ions from a LiF(110) crystal surface using positron and electron irradiation at 500 eV to examine the interaction between positrons and ionic crystals. Only ...monatomic ions, such as H^{+}, Li^{+}, and F^{+}, are detected under electron irradiation. However, positron irradiation leads to the significant desorption of ionic molecules, specifically, FH^{+} and F_{2}^{+}. Molecular ion yields are more sensitive to temperature than atomic ion yields. Based on the findings, we propose a desorption model in which positronic compounds are initially produced at the surface and subsequently desorbed as molecular ions via Auger decay following positron annihilation.
Functions of septin cytoskeletal polymers in tumorigenesis are still poorly defined. Their role in the regulation of cytokinesis and cell migration were proposed to contribute to cancer associated ...aneuploidy and metastasis. Overexpression of Septin 9 (Sept9) promotes migration of cancer cell lines. SEPT9 mRNA and protein expression is increased in breast tumors compared to normal and peritumoral tissues and amplification of SEPT9 gene was positively correlated with breast tumor progression. However, the existence of multiple isoforms of Sept9 is a confounding factor in the analysis of Sept9 functions. In the present study, we analyze the protein expression of Sept9_i2, an uncharacterized isoform, in breast cancer cell lines and tumors and describe its specific impact on cancer cell migration and Sept9 cytoskeletal distribution. Collectively, our results showed that, contrary to Sept9_i1, Sept9_i2 did not support cancer cell migration, and induced a loss of subnuclear actin filaments. These effects were dependent on Sept9_i2 specific N-terminal sequence. Sept9_i2 was strongly down-regulated in breast tumors compared to normal mammary tissues. Thus our data indicate that Sept9_i2 is a negative regulator of breast tumorigenesis. We propose that Sept9 tumorigenic properties depend on the balance between Sept9_i1 and Sept9_i2 expression levels.
1. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether zymosan, which is a component of fungi, affects feed passage through the digestive tract in chicks (Gallus gallus).
2. Intraperitoneal (IP) ...injection of 2.5 mg zymosan significantly reduced the crop-emptying rate and this effect was similar to that of 100 µg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Zymosan affected phenol red transit from the proventriculus.
3. Zymosan significantly affected the gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8 and histidine decarboxylase in various regions of the digestive tract.
4. The present study suggested that zymosan retarded feed passage through the digestive tract in chick and interleukins and histamine may be participating in this process.
Fast failure recovery and the energy consumption are important issues in communication networks. A low-energy based multiple routing configurations is proposed for realizing both the fast failure ...recovery and the low energy consumption. However, in this method, the network robustness and the performance of data transmission are degraded regardless of the low energy consumption. In this paper, for turning some link ports off while maintaining network robustness, we propose a robustness and low-energy based MRC by extending low-energy based MRC. Our proposed method utilizes an algorithm that determines some excluded links based on the network robustness. With the proposed method, the energy consumption can be reduced so as not to degrade the network robustness significantly. We evaluate the performance of our proposed method in some network topologies with simulation.
Zymosan is a cell wall component of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and produces severe inflammatory responses in mammals. When zymosan is peripherally injected in mammals, it induces several ...behavioral and physiological changes including anorexia and hyperthermia. However, to our knowledge, behavioral and physiological responses to zymosan have not yet been clarified in birds. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine if intraperitoneal injection of zymosan affects food intake, voluntary activity, cloacal temperature, plasma corticosterone (CORT) and glucose concentrations, and splenic gene expression of cytokines in chicks (Gallus gallus). Intraperitoneal injection of zymosan (2.5 mg) significantly decreased food intake, voluntary activity, and plasma glucose concentration, and increased plasma CORT concentration. The injection of 0.5 mg zymosan significantly increased cloacal temperature, while 2.5 mg zymosan had a tendency to increase it. Finally, 2.5 mg zymosan significantly increased the splenic gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor–like cytokine 1A. The present results suggest that zymosan would be one of components which induces nonspecific symptoms including anorexia, hypoactivity, hyperthermia, and stress responses, under fungus infection in chicks.
•Intraperitoneal injection of zymosan decreased food intake and voluntary activity in chicks.•Zymosan induced hyperthermia.•Zymosan decreased plasma glucose level while it increased plasma corticosterone level.•Zymosan induced mRNA expression of cytokines in the spleen.•Zymosan induces nonspecific symptoms including anorexia, hypoactivity, hyperthermia, and stress responses in chicks.
Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) increases food intake in birds, whereas it is a potent satiety factor in rodents and fish. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of central injection ...of PrRP on feeding behaviors and hypothalamic physiology in juvenile Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Intracerebroventricular injection of 1,692 pmol of PrRP increased food intake for the first 90 min after injection but did not affect water intake. Quail treated with PrRP displayed more food and drink pecks, less time standing but more perching, and decreased defecations. Prolactin-releasing peptide–injected quail had increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y receptor subtypes 2 and 5 and melanocortin receptor 4 mRNAs were greater in PrRP- than vehicle-injected quail. In the DMN, there was less corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA and in the ARC, more CRF mRNA in PrRP- than vehicle-injected chicks. Thus, PrRP increases food intake in quail, which is associated with changes in hypothalamic CRF and neuropeptide Y receptor gene expression and c-Fos-immunolabeled cells in the ARC and DMN.
•Intracerebroventricular injection of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) increased food but not water intake.•PrRP-caused increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus.•In the DMN, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA decreased in response to PrRP.•In the ARC, there was more CRF mRNA in PrRP- than vehicle-injected chicks.
The lifetime of interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) L. S. Cederbaum et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4778 (1997) in Ne2 is determined via an extreme ultraviolet pump-probe experiment at the Free-Electron ...Laser in Hamburg. The pump pulse creates a 2s inner-shell vacancy in one of the two Ne atoms, whereupon the ionized dimer undergoes ICD resulting in a repulsive Ne+(2p(-1))-Ne+(2p(-1)) state, which is probed with a second pulse, removing a further electron. The yield of coincident Ne+-Ne2+ pairs is recorded as a function of the pump-probe delay, allowing us to deduce the ICD lifetime of the Ne2(+)(2s(-1)) state to be (150±50) fs, in agreement with quantum calculations.
We have investigated multiphoton multiple ionization dynamics of xenon atoms using a new x-ray free-electron laser facility, SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) in Japan, and ...identified that Xe(n+) with n up to 26 is produced at a photon energy of 5.5 keV. The observed high charge states (n≥24) are produced via five-photon absorption, evidencing the occurrence of multiphoton absorption involving deep inner shells. A newly developed theoretical model, which shows good agreement with the experiment, elucidates the complex pathways of sequential electronic decay cascades accessible in heavy atoms. The present study of heavy-atom ionization dynamics in high-intensity hard-x-ray pulses makes a step forward towards molecular structure determination with x-ray free-electron lasers.
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