Even though organic light emitting diodes (OLED) have been achieving commercial successes, their device physics have been under debating. In this article, we develop a junction theory of organic ...heterojunctions, which describes the carrier accumulation dynamics in them. We derive an equation, which is the counterpart of the Mott-Schottky relation in the metal-semiconductor contact. We will show that the essence of the carrier transport control in organic devices is the control of the internal electric field and therefore the drift motion, whereas that in the semiconductors is the control of the carrier population by shifting the Fermi energy and therefore the diffusion motion. Tang's invention of organic electronic devices with layered ultrathin layers of small organic molecules was a new paradigm of controlling the carrier transport in polaron conductors rather than only a finding of the substitutes of Si semiconductors.
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•A junction theory in organic heterojunctions is presented to describe the carrier accumulation dynamics in them.•The counterpart of the Mott-Schottky relation of the Schottky contact is given for organic heterojunctions.•The quasiconductor concept is proposed to enlighten the distinct nature of the polaron conductors from the semiconductors.
•Plasma treatment was used to improve the adhesion property between the recycled CF and polymer matrix.•In order to evaluate the adhesion between plasma treated recycled CF and polymer, micro droplet ...test was conducted.•The interfacial shear strength and the interfacial adhesion of recycled carbon fiber increased.
We studied the effects of plasma surface treatment of recycled carbon fiber on adhesion of the fiber to polymers after various treatment times. Conventional surface treatment methods have been attempted for recycled carbon fiber, but most require very long processing times, which may increase cost. Hence, in this study, plasma processing was performed for 0.5s or less. Surface functionalization was quantified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. O/C increased from approximately 11% to 25%. The micro-droplet test of adhesion properties and the mechanical properties of CFRP were also investigated.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)–EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling studies paved the way for a basic understanding of growth factor and oncogene signaling pathways and the development of tyrosine kinase ...inhibitors (TKIs). Due to resistance mutations and the activation of alternative pathways when cancer cells escape TKIs, highly diverse cell populations form in recurrent tumors through mechanisms that have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize recent advances in EGFR basic research on signaling networks and intracellular trafficking that may clarify the novel mechanisms of inhibitor resistance, discuss recent clinical developments in EGFR-targeted cancer therapy, and offer novel strategies for cancer drug development.
For the first time ever, atomic-scale direct observation of deuterium atoms trapping at nano-sized titanium carbide (TiC) precipitates in steel was successfully achieved using atom probe tomography ...(APT). Deuterium gas charging into the needle specimen and subsequently quenching were conducted in our designed chamber attached to three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP). The deuterium atoms were definitely observed on the broad surface of TiC platelets, which indicated that the broad interface between the matrix and TiC was the main trapping site.
The revised Japan Stroke Society Guidelines for the Treatment of Stroke were published in Japanese in July 2021. In this article, the extracted recommendation statements are published. The revision ...keeps pace with the great progress in stroke control based on the recently enacted Basic Act on Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease in Japan. The guideline covers the following areas: primary prevention, general acute management of stroke, ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, asymptomatic cerebrovascular disease, other cerebrovascular disease, and rehabilitation.
Histopathologic evaluation of occlusive thrombi retrieved from cerebral arteries using endovascular therapy is possible. We investigated the relationship between successful reperfusion after ...thrombectomy and histopathologic characteristics of retrieved thrombi.
Among consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular therapy at our institute from December 2010 to July 2015, we retrospectively reviewed those with acute major arterial occlusion from which retrieved thrombi were evaluated histopathologically. Obtained thrombi were assessed for the existence of atheromatous gruel, organization, and the ratios of erythrocyte and fibrin/platelet components. Successful reperfusion was defined as the modified Treatment in Cerebral Ischemia grade of 2b to 3.
Of 83 patients studied, 58 (70%) underwent successful reperfusion. Atheromatous gruel was less frequently identified (3% versus 20%; P=0.024), and the proportion of erythrocyte components was higher (57±23% versus 47±24%; P=0.042) in thrombi retrieved from the reperfused than the unreperfused group. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, atheromatous gruel was inversely related (odds ratio, 0.062; 95% confidence interval, 0.002-0.864), and >64% erythrocyte components (cutoff obtained from receiver operating characteristic curve) were positively related (odds ratio, 4.352; 95% confidence interval, 1.185-19.363) to successful reperfusion.
Successful reperfusion could be associated with the histopathology of occlusive thrombi, including the existence of atheromatous gruel and proportion of erythrocyte components.
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02251665.
The endothelium plays a pivotal role in the regulation of vascular tone by synthesizing and liberating endothelium-derived relaxing factors inclusive of vasodilator prostaglandins (eg, prostacyclin), ...nitric oxide (NO), and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factors in a distinct blood vessel size-dependent manner. Large conduit arteries are predominantly regulated by NO and small resistance arteries by endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factors. Accumulating evidence over the past few decades has demonstrated that endothelial dysfunction and coronary vasomotion abnormalities play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. Structural and functional alterations of the coronary microvasculature have been coined as coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), which is highly prevalent and associated with adverse clinical outcomes in many clinical settings. The major mechanisms of coronary vasomotion abnormalities include enhanced coronary vasoconstrictive reactivity at epicardial and microvascular levels, impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent coronary vasodilator capacities, and elevated coronary microvascular resistance caused by structural factors. Recent experimental and clinical research has highlighted CMD as the systemic small artery disease beyond the heart, emerging modulators of vascular functions, novel insights into the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases associated with CMD, and potential therapeutic interventions to CMD with major clinical implications. In this article, we will summarize the current knowledge on the endothelial modulation of vascular tone and the pathogenesis of coronary macrovascular and microvascular diseases from bench to bedside, with a special emphasis placed on the mechanisms and clinical implications of CMD.
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