Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary cause of dementia. The complement system is closely related to AD pathology and may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of AD. In our study, ...we conducted a bioinformatics analysis to analyze the role of the complement system and its related factors in AD using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data. We also conducted a functional analysis. Our study verified that 23 genes were closely related to differentially expressed complement system genes in diseases after intersecting the disease-related complement system module genes and differentially expressed genes. The STRING database was used to predict the interactions between the modular gene proteins of the differential complement system. A total of 21 gene proteins and 44 interaction pairs showed close interactions. We screened key genes and created a diagnostic model. The predictive effect of the model was constructed using GSE5281 and our study indicated that the predictive effect of the model was good. Our study also showed enriched negative regulation of Notch signaling, cytokine secretion involved in the immune response pathway, and cytokine secretion involved in immune response hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. We hope that our study provides a promising target to prevent and delay the onset, diagnosis, and treatment of AD.
•CS was successfully introduced into the Alg-Sr hydrogels to encapsulate chondrocytes.•Chondrocytes encapsulated in low-MW Alg/CS-Sr hydrogel exhibited better viability.•Low-MW hydrogel could promote ...collagen formation and decrease inflammatory effects.
Chondrocytes culture within three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels is an attractive strategy for expanding their potential in various biomedical applications. Molecular weight (MW) of the polymers used for preparing one-component hydrogels for 3D cell culture can affect the activity of chondrocytes. However, whether MW of double network hydrogels affects cell fate remains to be determined. Here, a ternary hydrogel was employed to encapsulate chondrocytes. By altering MW of alginate, the hybrid hydrogels with different mechanical properties were prepared. The effects of MW on the properties of hydrogels were evaluated in this work. Cell results revealed that chondrocytes encapsulated in low-MW hydrogels exhibited the best results on maintaining cell viability and inhibiting cell death. Additionally, RT-qPCR analysis suggested that the expression of COLII was increased while the expression of IL-1β and iNOS was decreased in chondrocytes encapsulated in low-MW hydrogels. Hence, it is reasonable to be expected that the developed low-MW hydrogel should be a promising candidate for cartilage tissue engineering.
Influenza A virus (IAV) has a higher genetic variation, leading to the poor efficiency of traditional vaccine and antiviral strategies targeting viral proteins. Therefore, developing broad-spectrum ...antiviral treatments is particularly important. Host responses to IAV infection provide a promising approach to identify antiviral factors involved in virus infection as potential molecular drug targets. In this study, in order to better illustrate the molecular mechanism of host responses to IAV and develop broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, we systematically analyzed mRNA expression profiles of host genes in a variety of human cells, including transformed and primary epithelial cells infected with different subtypes of IAV by mining 35 microarray datasets from the GEO database. The transcriptomic results showed that IAV infection resulted in the difference in expression of amounts of host genes in all cell types, especially those genes participating in immune defense and antiviral response. In addition, following the criteria of
P
<0.05 and |logFC|≥1.5, we found that some difference expression genes were overlapped in different cell types under IAV infection
via
integrative gene network analysis. IFI6, IFIT2, ISG15, HERC5, RSAD2, GBP1, IFIT3, IFITM1, LAMP3, USP18, and CXCL10 might act as key antiviral factors in alveolar basal epithelial cells against IAV infection, while BATF2, CXCL10, IFI44L, IL6, and OAS2 played important roles in airway epithelial cells in response to different subtypes of IAV infection. Additionally, we also revealed that some overlaps (BATF2, IFI44L, IFI44, HERC5, CXCL10, OAS2, IFIT3, USP18, OAS1, IFIT2) were commonly upregulated in human primary epithelial cells infected with high or low pathogenicity IAV. Moreover, there were similar defense responses activated by IAV infection, including the interferon-regulated signaling pathway in different phagocyte types, although the differentially expressed genes in different phagocyte types showed a great difference. Taken together, our findings will help better understand the fundamental patterns of molecular responses induced by highly or lowly pathogenic IAV, and the overlapped genes upregulated by IAV in different cell types may act as early detection markers or broad-spectrum antiviral targets.
Radar unconventional active jamming, including unconventional deceptive jamming and barrage jamming, poses a serious threat to wideband radars. This paper proposes an unconventional-active-jamming ...recognition method for wideband radar. In this method, the visibility algorithm of converting the radar time series into graphs, called visibility graphs, is first given. Then, the visibility graph of the linear-frequency-modulation (LFM) signal is proved to be a regular graph, and the rationality of extracting features on visibility graphs is theoretically explained. Therefore, four features on visibility graphs, average degree, average clustering coefficient, Newman assortativity coefficient, and normalized network-structure entropy, are extracted from visibility graphs. Finally, a random-forests (RF) classifier is chosen for unconventional-active-jamming recognition. Experiment results show that recognition probability was over 90% when the jamming-to-noise ratio (JNR) was above 0 dB.
CRISPR-Cpf1 has recently been reported as another RNA-guided endonuclease of class 2 CRISPR-Cas system, which expands the molecular biology toolkit for genome editing. However, most of the online ...tools and applications to date have been developed primarily for the Cas9. There are a limited number of tools available for the Cpf1.
We present DeepCpf1, a deep convolution neural networks (CNN) approach to predict Cpf1 guide RNAs on-target activity and off-target effects using their matched and mismatched DNA sequences. Trained on published data sets, DeepCpf1 is superior to other machine learning algorithms and reliably predicts the most efficient and less off-target effects guide RNAs for a given gene. Combined with a permutation importance analysis, the key features of guide RNA sequences are identified, which determine the activity and specificity of genome editing.
DeepCpf1 can significantly improve the accuracy of Cpf1-based genome editing and facilitates the generation of optimized guide RNAs libraries.
With excellent designability, large accessible inner surface, and high chemical stability, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising candidates as metal‐free heterogeneous catalysts. Here, we ...report two 3D radical‐based COFs (JUC‐565 and JUC‐566) in which radical moieties (TEMPO) are uniformly decorated on the channel walls via a bottom‐up approach. Based on grafted functional groups and suitable regular channels, these materials open up the application of COFs as highly efficient and selective metal‐free redox catalysts in aerobic oxidation of alcohols to relevant aldehydes or ketones with outstanding turn over frequency (TOF) up to 132 h−1, which has exceeded other TEMPO‐modified catalytic materials tested under similar conditions. These stable COF‐based catalysts could be easily recovered and reused for multiple runs. This study promotes potential applications of 3D functional COFs anchored with stable radicals in organic synthesis and material science.
Three‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) decorated with nitroxyl radicals are successfully prepared and employed as mild, efficient, and recyclable catalysts for selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.
Trichinellosis, caused by
, is an emerging or re-emerging zoonotic parasitic disease, which is distributed worldwide with major socio-economic importance in some developing countries. In particular, ...it has been calculated that more than 40 million people are at risk of
infection in China. This review summarizes the current information on the epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis and vaccines of trichinellosis in China. Moreover, study of the treatment potential of using
for immune-related diseases and cancer, as well as the transcription and post-transcription modification of
were also collected, providing viewpoints for future investigations. Current advances in research will help us to develop new strategies for the prevention and control of trichinellosis and may potentially yield biological agents for treating other diseases.
•Sr6(Co0.8Fe0.2)5O15 exhibit phase transitions from paramagnetism to ferromagnetic-I phase and then to ferromagnetic-II phase.•The resistivity curve of Sr6(Co0.8Fe0.2)5O15 reveals a ...semiconductor-like behavior below 300 K.•The 20% Fe substituting changes the spin exchanges between transition metal Co ions.
Magnetism, transport and specific heat measurements have been performed to the hexagonal perovskite 20% Fe-substituted Sr6Co5O15 (that is Sr6(Co0.8Fe0.2)5O15) polycrystalline samples with quasi-one-dimensional structure. The system exhibits paramagnetism above 270 K, and with decreasing temperature, it undergoes two ferromagnetic phase transitions FM-I and FM-II at 220 K and 170 K, respectively, which correspondingly show two downward jumps on the resistivity curve of 0 T. The 20% Fe-substituting-induced changes in magnetic properties are discussed to be due to the changes in spin exchanges.
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•Ti-44.5Al-3.8Nb-1Mo-0.2B alloy sheets with different initial microstructures were fabricated by the multi-pass small deformation rolling technique.•The as-rolled sheet deriving from ...fully lamellar structure possessed a smaller grain size than that from nearly lamellar structure.•Larger deformation was needed for fully lamellar structure to obtain complete recrystallization.
Ti-44.5Al-3.8Nb-1Mo-0.2B alloy (TNM) sheets were prepared by hot rolling, and the effect of the initial microstructure on the process was discussed in this work. The as-received TNM alloy billets with nearly and fully lamellar structures were prepared by forging and casting processes (named M1 and M2), respectively. For the as-rolled sheets from M1, the fraction of recrystallization increased gradually with the decrease of reduction per pass based on GOS analysis. Compared with M1, M2 required a larger deformation to achieve complete recrystallization. Meanwhile, the as-rolled sheets from M2 possessed a smaller grain size than that from M1. In addition, the γ-DRX behavior during the multi-pass hot rolling was discussed, and the DDRX was found to play the dominant role in this process. The phase transformation of β/β0 → α occurred in the 1200 °C rolling process. It was presumed that this transformation was promoted by increasing the rolling temperature, therefore, the volume fraction of the β0 phase decreased. The α2 lath decomposed gradually with the increasing of rolling temperature from 1200 °C to 1250 °C, simultaneously, the combination of the adjacent γ laths resulted in the coarsening of γ lath.
Overconsumption of high-fat foods increases the risk of fatty liver disease (FLD) and liver cancer with long pathogenic cycles. It is also known that the intake of the chemical poison nitrosamine and ...its nanopreparations can promote the development of liver injuries, such as FLD, and hepatic fibrosis, and significantly shorten the formation time of the liver cancer cycle. The present work confirmed that the coexposure of a high-fat diet (HFD) and nano-diethylnitrosamine (nano-DEN) altered the tumor microenvironment and studied the effect of this coexposure on the progression of fatty liver malignant transformation into liver cancer. Gene transcriptomics and immunostaining were used to evaluate the tumor promotion effect of the coexposure in mice. After coexposure treatment, tumor nodules were obviously increased, and inflammation levels were elevated. The liver transcriptomics analysis showed that the expression levels of inflammatory, fatty, and fibrosis-related factors in the coexposed group were increased in comparison with the nano-DEN- and high-fat-alone groups. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) results showed that coexposure aggravated the high expression of genes related to the carcinomatous pathway and accelerated the formation of the tumor microenvironment. The immunohistochemical staining results showed that the coexposure significantly increased the abnormal changes in proteins related to inflammation, proliferation, aging, and hypoxia in mouse liver tissues. The coexposure of high fat and nano-DEN aggravated the process of steatosis and carcinogenesis. In conclusion, the habitual consumption of pickled foods containing nitrosamines in a daily HFD significantly increases the risk of liver pathology lesions progressing from FLD to liver cancer.
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