Seaweed farming has been the cause of introductions of non-indigenous seaweed species and genotypes throughout the world. In Zanzibar, Tanzania, foreign genotypes of Eucheuma denticulatum were ...introduced for farming purposes in 1989, and in recent years a spread of non-indigenous haplotypes has been reported. The current study aimed to investigate the presence and extent of introduced and native haplotypes of E. denticulatum as well as their relative frequencies, to obtain the severity of the spread of cultivated seaweed and the current state of the native populations. The results show that all investigated sites are dominated by the introduced South-east Asian haplotypes, even where seaweed farming has never occurred. As the frequencies of East African haplotypes are remarkably low, this shows a shift from native to introduced E. denticulatum. This shift may, at least in part, be caused by earlier overharvest of natural seaweed populations, and indicates a cryptic invasion of the introduced haplotypes at the potential cost of the recovery of the native haplotype populations.
•Shock Index is a useful indicator to detect postpartum hemorrhage in vaginal delivery.•Shock Index peaks at 10–15 min after delivery during cesarean delivery.•Spinal anesthesia and various ...medications affect Shock Index during cesarean delivery.•Shock Index does not correlate with total blood loss.•Shock Index has poor ability to detect postpartum hemorrhage during cesarean delivery.
The Shock Index (SI), defined as heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure, is reportedly an early surrogate indicator for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). However, most previous studies have used clinical data of women who delivered vaginally. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the SI pattern during cesarean delivery and determine its usefulness in detecting PPH.
This was a single-center retrospective study using the clinical data of women (n = 331) who underwent cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia at term between 2018 and 2021. We assessed the SI pattern stratified by total blood loss and evaluated the predictive performance of each vital sign in detecting PPH (total blood loss ≥1000 mL) based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).
At 10–15 min after delivery, the mean SI peaked between 0.84 and 0.90 and then decreased to a level between 0.72 and 0.77, which was similar to that upon entering the operating room. Among 331 women, 91 (27.5%) were diagnosed with PPH. There was no correlation between SI and total blood loss (rs = 0.02). The SI had low ability to detect PPH (AUROC 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.61), which was similar to other vital signs (AUROCs 0.53–0.56).
We determined the pattern of SI during cesarean delivery. We found no correlation between SI and total blood loss. Unlike in vaginal delivery, the prognostic accuracy of SI for PPH detection in cesarean delivery was low.
In this study we examined abiotic and biotic factors that could potentially influence the presence of a non-indigenous seaweed,
Eucheuma denticulatum,
in two locations, one outside (Kane’ohe Bay, ...Hawai’i, USA) and one within (Mafia Island, Tanzania) its natural geographical range. We hypothesized that the availability of hard substrate and the amount of wave exposure would explain distribution patterns, and that higher abundance of herbivorous fishes in Tanzania would exert stronger top–down control than in Hawai’i. To address these hypotheses, we surveyed
E. denticulatum
in sites subjected to different environmental conditions and used generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to identify predictors of
E. denticulatum
presence. We also estimated grazing intensity on
E. denticulatum
by surveying the type and the amount of grazing scars. Finally, we used molecular tools to distinguish between indigenous and non-indigenous strains of
E. denticulatum
on Mafia Island. In Kane’ohe Bay, the likelihood of finding
E. denticulatum
increased with wave exposure, whereas on Mafia Island, the likelihood increased with cover of coral rubble, and decreased with distance from areas of introduction (AOI), but this decrease was less pronounced in the presence of coral rubble. Grazing intensity was higher in Kane’ohe Bay than on Mafia Island. However, we still suggest that efforts to reduce non-indigenous
E. denticulatum
should include protection of important herbivores in both sites because of the high levels of grazing close to AOI. Moreover
,
we recommend that areas with hard substrate and high structural complexity should be avoided when farming non-indigenous strains of
E. denticulatum
.
Elizabeth Grosz has herself done much to emphasize the force, significance, and ineliminability of the biological body in her analyses of everything from gender, to art, to political futurity. The ...Incorporeal is a book about ethics in the sense that it seeks to secure, at the ontological level, the possibility for change in political, social, collective, cultural, and economic life. Bodies are situated in space, their fluctuating relations are measured temporally, and at the limit of corporeality exists the void, the absence of body. Even though the predicate "being-cut" does not come to be or pass away with any one particular act of cutting, that particular act, in aligning a wounded body with the predicate that designates its wound, institutes a novel relation of corporeal and incorporeal; it is an event of sense.
The task of this paper is the construction of a theory of organismic spatiality. I take as a starting point Gilles Deleuze's reference in The Logic of Sense to Gilbert Simondon's concept of the ...membrane. The membrane is a dynamically topological limit between the organism's milieus of interiority and exteriority—the first moment of organismic spatiality. It is the foundation of the organism as an entity spatially distinct from its environment. The membrane is discriminatory and asymmetric—a concept, I claim, best understood by way of a discussion of affectivity. To understand how the membrane brings the organism's interior milieu into contact with the outside requires us to analyze its capacity to affect and be affected by its environment. To appreciate the compositional implications of this affectivity, I bring the concept into conversation with Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela's work on autopoietic systems theory. Conceived autopoietically, the organism's activity as a living system constructs its own milieu of exteriority. Just as it pulses to its rhythm of temporality, so too does the organism live its own space: The here, as opposed to the now, of organismic subjectivity.
What does it mean for philosophy to take seriously the chaos that haunts and threatens to undermine the fleetingly static formations that populate our epistemological landscapes? What does it mean to ...learn, think and know on a plane detached from transcendent truths, from recognition and representation, from the inverted image of falsity? We risk badly mangling our answers to these questions so long as we take for granted the orthodoxal image of thought and its conservative postulates. But critique is not enough, we need reconception, creativity; we need thought. This paper locates in Deleuze's 'Image of Thought' precisely these resources in the form of a philosophy of learning, taking as its guiding light the claim that learning ought no longer to name a merely transitory movement between a lack of knowledge and its fulfilment in the apprehension of truth, but the domain from which the transcendental conditions of thought itself are to be drawn.
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