Cold temperatures motivate people to develop efficient heating systems for their homes. An early method was a cast iron fireplace, but later in Germany the tiled stove (Kachelofen) enjoyed widespread ...use from the home of nobility to that of common folk.
During Bruno Taut's stay in Japan, he could not do much architectural design work. He worked in crafts during his stay in Takasaki. I would like to describe the relationship between the black ...lacquered bowl he made there and the traditional Japanese house, from the point of view of building science.
100 years after the Bauhaus was founded, the preoccupation with this avant-garde school continues unabated. The ideas and maxims developed at the Bauhaus continue to stimulate thought in a wide ...variety of fields、from teaching methods and contemporary design to architecture, living and working and production methods, as well as lifestyles. I researched the heating, ventilation technology and building science of Bauhaus. Herein are my findings.
We built a highly airtight and well thermally insulated house in Tokyo.Using new heating and cooling technology, the electricity costs for heating and cooling became lower.An external thermal ...insulation compound system with thick wooden fiber board was used.
We analyzed the hygrothermal behavior of a flat Roof insulated with wood fiber. To analyze such water condensation, the Software tool "WUFI" was used. As a result, we found that wood fiber insulation ...could be installed without damage from water vapor in three different climate regions (Sapporo, Tokyo and Kagoshima) in Japan.
Special features of revolving type of calorimeter test rooms constructed in Germany and in Japan nearly at the same time in late 1960s for correct estimation of cooling load caused by solar heat gain ...from large glass windows in high rise buildings together with some measured results are described.
Because fungi in the indoor environment strongly affect not only damage to and the deterioration of building materials, but also affect human health, it is important to know the distribution of fungi ...within an indoor environment. Therefore, in the present study, we examined fungi in houses over a period of 1 year and attempted to produce an indoor fungal contamination map for Japanese houses.
Fungi were collected at approximately 100 fixed points in 81 ordinary houses around the Kanto District using either the stamp or dressing tape methods between 1999 and 2000. A commercially available potato dextrose agar culture medium was used to incubate the fungi collected. After incubation, fungi were quantified and identified by routine methods and the fungal conditions in the indoor environment was evaluated.
The relationships between the fungal conditions in the indoor environment found around the Kanto District and parameters such as the season, area in the house and indoor environment were analyzed. According to the fungal flora found in the present study, the indoor environment in Japanese homes was classified into three areas: (i) relatively wet areas, such as the bathroom, lavatory and kitchen, where hygrophilic fungi and yeasts are often detected; (ii) relatively dry areas, such as the living room and Japanese-style rooms, where xerophilic fungi are often detected; and (iii) areas where wet and dry parts coexist, such as bedrooms and closets containing futons and clothes with moisture, where both hydro- philic and xerophilic fungi, as well as yeasts, are detected. In the presnt survey, seasonal changes in the fungi detected in the indoor environment were small.
We confirmed the actual fungal conditions in the indoor environment and produced a fungal map.
The effects of temperature and water activity (Aw) were studied on the growth activity of Cladosporium sphaerospermum and C. cladosporioides. High growth was noted in C. sphaerospermum at high ...temperatures and in C. cladosporioides at low temperatures, but the growth activity of both C. sphaerospermum and C. cladosporioides was similar at 23-30°C. With regard to Aw, growth of C. cladosporioides was greater than that of C. sphaerospermum at 10-23°C. At 32-36°C, higher activities were shown in C. sphaerospermum. C. sphaerospermum and C. cladosporioides showed morphological changes such as dark brown hyphae with thick and cigar shaped cells, .and irregulary swollen cells at low Aw. C. sphaerospermum showed a broader range of growth temperature and Aw than C. cladosporioides.
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