A frequently encountered exposure profile for hand-arm vibration in contemporary occupational setting comprises workers with a long history of intermittent exposure but without detectable signs of ...hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). Yet, most of the published studies deal with developed HAVS cases, rarely discussing the biological processes that may be involved in degradation of manual dexterity and grip strength when it can be most beneficial - during the asymptomatic stage. In the present paper, a group of 31 male asymptomatic vibration-exposed workers (according to the Stockholm Workshop Scale) were compared against 30 male controls. They were tested using dynamometry and dexterimetry (modelling coarse and fine manual performance respectively) and cold provocation was done to detect possible differences in manual performance drop on these tests. The results showed reduced manual dexterity but no significant degradation in hand grip strength in the exposed subjects. This suggests that intermittent exposure profile and small cumulative vibration dose could only lead to a measurable deficit in manual dexterity but not hand grip strength even at non-negligible A(8) levels and long term exposures.
U suvremenim uvjetima profesionalne izloženosti vibracijama koje se prenose preko ruke i šake, često se mogu vidjeti radnici koji su, i pored dugotrajne povremene izloženosti, i dalje bez uočljivih simptoma vibracijske bolesti. U većini dosadašnjih istraživanja analizirani su ispitanici s razvijenom kliničkom slikom vibracijske bolesti, uz rijetka razmatranja bioloških procesa koji mogu biti uključeni u degradaciju ručne spretnosti i snage stiska šake, osobito u asimptomatskoj fazi, kada bi to bilo od najveće koristi. U ovom su istraživanju uspoređene dvije skupine ispitanika: izložena skupina - 31 radnik izložen lokalnim vibracijama koji prema Stockholmskoj klasifikaciji nema simptome vibracijske bolesti, i kontrolna skupina - 30 radnika koji nisu izloženi lokalnim vibracijama. Svaki je ispitanik bio podvrgnut dinamometrijskom i deksterimetrijskom testiranju (model za grubu i finu motoričku funkciju šake) te testu provokacije hladnoćom radi usporedbe pada motoričkih funkcija šake. U izloženoj skupini zabilježen je pad fine motoričke funkcije, ali ne i snage stiska šake. Rezultati upozoravaju na mjerljiv deficit grube ali ne i fine motoričke funkcije šake kod povremene izloženosti s malim kumulativnim dozama, čak i kada se radi o dugotrajnoj izloženosti nezanemarivim razinama A(8). Vibracijama inducirane lezije živčanih vlakana i/ ili mehanoreceptora, koji osiguravaju senzornu povratnu vezu za signale pokreta - čime kontroliraju zadatke koji iziskuju precizno kretanje prstiju - mogle bi biti odgovorne za uočeno smanjenje ručne spretnosti. Taj mehanizam, međutim, nije potreban za kontrolu grube sile stiska.
Child abuse may be related to adverse psychological outcomes in adult life. However, little is known about specific clinical, family and resilience profiles of adolescents that have experienced child ...abuse. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical symptoms, family functioning and resilience characteristics of adolescents with the experience of abuse, first referred to psychiatrists.
The study included 84 young participants (mean age 14.90 +/- 3.10, ranging from 11 to 18 years) as consecutive first referrals to the Clinic for Children and Youth of the Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia. The sample consisted of two groups, based on the Child Abuse Matrices of Risks. The first group included adolescents with the experience of abuse in childhood (n = 38, 13 males, 25 females), whereas the second, control group, comprised of non-abused adolescents (n = 47, 20 males, 27 females). The presence of abuse was evaluated by the Child Abuse Matrices of Risks. The study used the following questionnaires: Youth Self-Report (YSR), Adolescent Resilience Attitudes Scale (ARAS), and Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI).
Significant differences were found only among females. According to YSR, the abused girls had significantly higher scores on the Delinquent Behavior scale and marginally higher scores on Anxious/Depressed and Social Problems scales. Analyses of the SFI showed significantly lower family functioning among the girls with the child abuse history for all scales except for the Directive Leadership. The abused girls also showed significantly lower scores on the Insight scale, and marginally lower Initiative scores at the ARAS.
These findings may have practical application in the creation of specific preventive and treatment strategies, particularly focused on delinquent tendencies, as well as on enhancing resilience through providing positive environments within families, schools and communities.
The purpose of this study is to examine the differences between convicts and persons with no criminal record, as well as between two groups of convicts ‒ the perpetrators of thefts and the ...perpetrators of robberies in terms of amorality and socio-economic characteristics. The sample comprised 100 male convicts (51 convicted of theft and 49 of robbery) and 100 males with no criminal record, matching the group of convicts in age. The subjects completed the AMRL 15 questionnaire and a socioeconomic characteristics questionnaire. The results of the descriptive discriminant analysis have indicated that almost all dimensions of amorality are more pronounced in the group of convicts, compared to persons with no criminal record, especially two dimensions within Amorality induced by impulsivity. Convicts are also characterized by economically disadvantaged families. On the other hand, persons convicted of theft are characterized by somewhat higher scores on two dimensions within the Amorality induced by brutality, while persons convicted of robbery have higher anthropological pessimism and more distinct problems with the primary family in terms of mentally ill parents. A general conclusion is that the three groups differ both with regard to amorality and to socio-economic characteristics.
On written expression of primary school pupils Stevanovic, Jelena; Maksic, Slavica; Tenjovic, Lazar
Zbornik Instituta za pedagoška istraživanja/Zbornik - Institut za pedagoška istraživanja,
01/2009, Volume:
41, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Open access
Normative rules of standard Serbian language are acquired during primary and secondary education through curriculum demands of Serbian language instruction, which takes place in three fields: ...grammar, orthography and culture of expression. Topic of interest in this paper is the quality of written expression of 6th and 7th grade pupils, in the context of all three fields specified to be mastered by the curriculum of Serbian language. Research comprised 148 primary school pupils from Belgrade. Linguistic analysis of spontaneously created written text was performed, in the conditions where it was not explicitly demanded form the pupil to write correctly. The results indicate that the majority of pupils make spelling and grammatical errors, meeting the condition for the basic level of mastering the knowledge in Serbian language according to the standards specified for the end of compulsory education. In addition to this, a considerable majority of pupils has a satisfactory level of culture of written expression. Pupils more often make spelling than grammatical errors. Seventh grade pupils are better than sixth grade pupils with respect to adhering to grammar rules and according to culture of written expression, while the mark in Serbian language and general school achievement of pupils correlate only with the degree of adhering to the orthographic rules. It was concluded that not only individual programs of support for pupils who make more errors are necessary, but also launching national projects for the development of linguistic competence of the young in Serbia.
Normativna pravila standardnog srpskog jezika sticu se tokom osnovno- skolskog i srednjoskolskog obrazovanja kroz programske zahteve nastave srpskog jezika, koja se odvija na tri podrucja: gramatika, pravopis i kultura izrazavanja. Predmet interesovanja u ovom radu je kvalitet pismenog izrazavanja ucenika VI i VII razreda, u kontekstu sva tri podrucja cije je ovladavanje predvidjeno nastavnim planom i programom iz srpskog jezika. Istrazivanjem je obuhvaceno 148 ucenika osnovne skole iz Beograda. Izvrsena je jezicka analiza spontano nastalog pisanog teksta, u uslovima gde nije eksplicitno trazeno da ucenik pise pravilno. Rezultati ukazuju da vecina ucenika pravi pravopisne i gramaticke greske, zadovoljavajuci uslov za osnovni nivo ovladanosti znanjem iz srpskog jezika prema standardima predvidjenim za kraj obaveznog obrazovanja. Takodje, znacajna vecina ucenika ima zadovoljavajuci nivo kulture pismenog izrazavanja. Ucenici cesce prave pravopisne nego gramaticke greske. Ucenici sedmog razreda su bolji od ucenika sestog razreda u pogledu pridrzavanja gramatickih pravila i prema kulturi pismenog izrazavanja, dok ocena iz srpskog jezika i opsti uspeh ucenika koreliraju jedino sa stepenom pridrzavanja pravopisnih pravila. Zakljuceno je da su potrebni ne samo individualni programi podrske za ucenike koji vise grese, vec i pokretanje nacionalnih projekata za razvoj jezicke kompetencije mladih u Srbiji.
This paper presents the results of the research of peculiarities of syntactic development, as an element of language structure on the grammatical level of children suffering from developmental ...dysphasia, after the completed speech pathology treatment of many years. Syntactic level at younger school age was studied by assessing language competence in the accomplishment of communicative sentence with subordinate clause. The research was performed on the samples of children at school age in regular primary schools in Belgrade. The sample comprised 160 respondents who were divided in two groups: target and comparative. The target group consisted of 60 respondents (children suffering from developmental dysphasia after the completed speech pathology treatment of many years), and the comparative group consisted of 100 respondents from regular primary school "Gavrilo Princip" in Zemun. Research results show that grammatical development of children suffering from developmental dysphasia takes place at a considerably slower rate and entails substantially more difficulties in accomplishing predication in subordinate clauses. This paper discusses the consequences which the difficulties in grammatical development can have on school achievement.
U radu su izlozeni rezultati istrazivanja specificnosti sintaksickog razvoja, kao elementa jezicke strukture na gramatickom nivou dece sa razvojnom disfazijom, posle zavrsenog dugogodisnjeg logopedskog tretmana. Sintaksicki nivo na mladjem skolskom uzrastu ispitivali smo procenjujuci jezicku kompetenciju u ostvarivanju komunikativne recenice sa zavisnom klauzom. Istrazivanje je obavljeno na uzorcima dece skolskog uzrasta u redovnim osnovnim skolama u Beogradu. Uzorak je cinilo 160 ispitanika koji su podeljeni u dve grupe: ciljnu i komparativnu. Ciljna grupa je sastavljena od 60 ispitanika (deca sa razvojnom disfazijom posle zavrsenog dugogodisnjeg logopedskog tretmana), a komparativna od 100 ispitanika redovne osnovne skole "Gavrilo Princip" u Zemunu. Rezultati istrazivanja pokazuju da gramaticki razvoj kod dece sa razvojnom disfazijom tece znatno sporije i podrazumeva mnogo vise teskoca u ostvarivanju predikacije u zavisnim klauzama. U radu su razmotrene posledice koje teskoce u gramatickom razvoju mogu imati na skolsko postignuce.
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