Cost of postoperative sepsis in Vietnam Bui, My Hanh; Khuong, Quynh Long; Le, Phuong Anh ...
Scientific reports,
03/2022, Volume:
12, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Despite improvements in medical care, the burden of sepsis remains high. In this study, we evaluated the incremental cost associated with postoperative sepsis and the impact of postoperative sepsis ...on clinical outcomes among surgical patients in Vietnam. We used the national database that contained 1,241,893 surgical patients undergoing seven types of surgery. We controlled the balance between the groups of patients using propensity score matching method. Generalized gamma regression and logistic regression were utilized to estimate incremental cost, readmission, and reexamination associated with postoperative sepsis. The average incremental cost associated with postoperative sepsis was 724.1 USD (95% CI 553.7-891.7) for the 30 days after surgery, which is equivalent to 28.2% of the per capita GDP in Vietnam in 2018. The highest incremental cost was found in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery, at 2,897 USD (95% CI 530.7-5263.2). Postoperative sepsis increased patient odds of readmission (OR = 6.40; 95% CI 6.06-6.76), reexamination (OR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.58-1.76), and also associated with 4.9 days longer of hospital length of stay among surgical patients. Creating appropriate prevention strategies for postoperative sepsis is extremely important, not only to improve the quality of health care but also to save health financial resources each year.
Mental health is an important component of the protection strategy for healthcare workers (HCWs). However, it has not been well described in Vietnam during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aims to ...measure the psychological distress and health-related quality-of-life among frontline healthcare workers during the peak of the outbreak in Vietnam.
We conducted a cross-sectional survey on 173 health workers at two national tertiary hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam from March to April 2020. The psychological distress was measured by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21), Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). EQ-5D-5L was used to determine the health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) outcomes.
Among 173 HCWs, the proportion of reported depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress was 20.2%, 33.5%, and 12.7%, respectively. The median EQ-5D-5L index score was 0.93 (IQR=0.85-0.94), and the anxiety/depression aspect had the highest reported problems. The most COVID-19-specific concerns among frontline HCWs were the reduction of income (59%) and the increase of living costs (54.3%). HCWs working in the COVID-19-designated hospital had a significantly higher rate of mental health problems and had a lower HRQoL outcome than those working in non-COVID-19-designated hospitals. Other factors associated with psychological distress and sleep problems include age, job title, income, chronic diseases status, and years of working in healthcare settings. HCWs who were ≥30 years old, had higher working years, had higher incomes, and had mental health and sleep problems were more likely to have lower HRQoL scores.
We reported a moderate rate of psychological distress and lower HRQoL outcomes among frontline HCWs during the COVID-19 outbreak in Vietnam. Various factors were found to be associated with mental health and HRQoL that might be useful for implementing appropriate interventions for HCWs in low-resource settings.
Background and objective Tuberculosis (TB) of the hip refers to the hip infection caused by tubercle bacilli. Treatment for hip TB includes anti-TB medications, surgery to remove joint abscesses, and ...orthopedic surgery. It is necessary to conduct tests to confirm that the tubercle bacilli have been eradicated following the treatments. In this study, we aimed to assess the change in hemoglobin and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels in patients with hip TB before and two months after receiving specific treatments. We sought to determine whether they are significant tests for the treatment prognosis of hip TB. Methods We employed a prospective cohort design for this study. It was conducted at National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, and involved 24 hip TB patients with intra-articular abscesses who were treated at the center during the period from October 2016 to October 2021. Blood hemoglobin, CRP serum level, and abscesses on hip MRI were assessed before and two months after treatments. Hemoglobin was examined by spectrophotometry, and CRP serum was measured using the immunoturbidimetric method. Results Before treatments, the average hemoglobin level in the patients was 11.48 ± 1.85 g/dl; the average CRP serum level was 63.53 ± 36.47 mg/l. After two months of treatments, the average hemoglobin level increased significantly to 13.22 ± 1.36 g/dl, while the average CRP level reduced significantly to 12.55 ± 11.34 mg/l. However, five cases displayed abnormal findings. These five individuals continued to have intra-articular abscesses. Conclusion In individuals who reacted well to the therapy, blood hemoglobin and CRP serum levels improved. Blood hemoglobin and serum CRP assays can be utilized to monitor outcomes in hip TB therapy.
Oil spillage is one of the world’s biggest environmental problems and its various impacts included shifting the balance of the ecosystem, affecting marine animals, and inhibiting economical ...activities. Therefore, the efficient resolution of this issue is a topic of great interest. In this work, cellulose coconut peat cryogel (CCPC) is synthesized by freeze-drying technique with cellulose extracted from coconut peat and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a binder. The CCPC is furthermore dip-coated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) to obtain PDMS-coated cellulose coconut peat cryogel (CCPC-P) with hydrophobic property for the studying of oil adsorption. The characteristics of CCPC and CCPC-P are evaluated by density and porosity, specific surface area following Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. Results showed that CCPC-10 with the mass ratios of cellulose to PVA 10:1 had the lowest density of 28.21 mg/cm
3
, highest porosity of 98.15 %. Furthermore, after coating with PDMS, the obtained hydrophobic CCPC-P10 had maximum adsorption capacities of up to 2.083 and 2.452 mg/mg for the static adsorption model and dynamic adsorption model, respectively. This indicates that coconut peat is a viable material for cryogel synthesis in oil adsorption applications.
The second wave of COVID-19 in Vietnam started in the largest tourist city in the country (Da Nang), initially with nosocomial transmission which spilled over and resulted in widespread community ...transmission. We discuss the challenges and strategies to prevent a further nationwide outbreak.
In the framework of Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour (TPB), the study is conducted to evaluate the association between The Big Five personality traits and the three types of tourists’ ...co-production behaviour: co-production behaviour before the trip, co-production behaviour during the trip, and co-production behaviour after the trip. The mediating type of co-production attitude is also clarified in this TPB model. The online and in-person survey methodologies have been used from January to May 2021. The study’s survey subjects are Vietnamese tourists who live and work in Vietnam and have travelled within the last two years. The research results reveal that all three personalities: Extraversion, Openness, and Agreeableness, positively affect the three categories of co-production behaviours, whereas Consciousness and Neuroticism only influence production behaviour during the trip. Two types of mediation: complementary and indirect- only effect of co-production attitude, is clarified. This study contributes to broader TPB theory by analyzing Big Five personality traits in tourist co-production behaviour. Our findings assist tourism businesses in better understanding how visitors’ personalities impact their co-production and assist them in building effective co-production methods. Tourism practitioners should develop different approaches for groups of customers with distinguished characteristics in each stage of their co-production processes.
Recycling biomass to cellulose aerogel (Cell-A) provides a promising approach to develop adsorbent materials for spilled-oil recovery. In this work, Cell-A was fabricated from Vietnamese water ...hyacinth via crosslinking methods using PVA as a crosslinker and freeze-drying process. Various cellulose to PVA ratios were investigated to obtain the optimal synthesis condition. The Cell-A was additionally modified by dip-coating in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and pyrolyzing to form PDMS-coated cellulose aerogels (Cell-AP) and carbon aerogels (CA), respectively. Results of the oil adsorption tests show that pyrolysis produced aerogels with greater adsorption capacity with an optimal mass ratio of 15 : 1 cellulose to PVA. Furthermore, the pseudo-second-order model was found to be more accurate than the pseudo-first-order model for the study of oil absorption kinetics. As a result, the modified cellulose aerogel is promising for replacing earth-unfriendly polymer-based oil sorbents due to their high oil absorption capacity.
Introduction: Patients experiencing an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) frequently do not receive bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), especially in low- and middle-income countries ...(LMIC). In this study we sought to determine the prevalence of OHCA patients in Vietnam who received bystander CPR and its effects on survival outcomes. Methods: We performed a multicenter, retrospective observational study of patients (≥18 years) presenting with OHCA at three major hospitals in an LMIC from February 2014–December 2018. We collected data on the hospital and patient characteristics, the cardiac arrest events, the emergency medical services (EMS) system, the therapy methods, and the outcomes and compared these data, before and after pairwise 1:1 propensity score matching, between patients who received bystander CPR and those who did not. Upon admission, we assessed factors associated with good neurological survival at hospital discharge in univariable and multivariable logistic models. Results: Of 521 patients, 388 (74.5%) were men, and the mean age was 56.7 years (SD 17.3). Although most cardiac arrests (68.7%, 358/521) occurred at home and 78.8% (410/520) were witnessed, a low proportion (22.1%, 115/521) of these patients received bystander CPR. Only half of the patients were brought by EMS (8.1%, 42/521) or private ambulance (42.8%, 223/521), 50.8% (133/262) of whom had resuscitation attempts. Before matching, there was a significant difference in good neurological survival between patients who received bystander CPR (12.2%, 14/115) and patients who did not (4.7%, 19/406; P < .001). After matching, good neurological survival was absent in all OHCA patients who did not receive CPR from a bystander. The multivariable analysis showed that bystander CPR (adjusted odds ratio: 3.624; 95% confidence interval 1.629–8.063) was an independent predictor of good neurological survival. Conclusion: In our study, only 22.1% of total OHCA patients received bystander CPR, which contributed significantly to a low rate of good neurological survival in Vietnam. To improve the chances of survival with good neurological functions of OHCA patients, more people should be trained to perform bystander CPR and teach others as well. A standard program for emergency first-aid training is necessary for this purpose.
Background Lignocellulose is a renewable and enormous biomass resource, which can be degraded efficiently by a range of cocktails of carbohydrate-active enzymes secreted by termite gut symbiotic ...bacteria. There is an urgent need to find enzymes with novel characteristics for improving the conversion processes in the production of lignocellulosic-based products. Although various studies dedicated to the genus Cellulosimicrobium as gut symbiont, genetic potential related to plant biomass-acting enzymes and exopolysaccharides production has been fully untapped to date. Methods The cellulolytic bacterial strain MP1 was isolated from termite guts and identified to the species level by phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genomic analysis. To further explore genes related to cellulose and hemicellulose degradation, the draft genome of strain MP1 was obtained by using whole-genome sequencing, assembly, and annotation through the Illumina platform. Lignocellulose degrading enzymes and levan production in the liquid medium were also examined to shed light on bacterial activities. Results Among 65 isolates obtained, the strain MP1 was the most efficient cellulase producer with cellulase activity of 0.65 ±0.02 IU/ml. The whole genome analysis depicted that strain MP1 consists of a circular chromosome that contained 4,580,223 bp with an average GC content of 73.9%. The genome comprises 23 contigs including 67 rRNA genes, three tRNA genes, a single tmRNA gene, and 4,046 protein-coding sequences. In support of the phenotypic identification, the 16S rRNA gene sequence, average nucleotide identity, and whole-genome-based taxonomic analysis demonstrated that the strain MP1 belongs to the species Cellulosimicrobium cellulans. A total of 30 genes related to the degradation of cellulases and hemicellulases were identified in the C. cellulans MP1 genome. Of note, the presence of sacC1-levB-sacC2-ls operon responsible for levan and levan-type fructooligosaccharides biosynthesis was detected in strain MP1 genome, but not with closely related C. cellulans strains, proving this strain to be a potential candidate for further studies. Endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and xylanase were achieved by using cheaply available agro-residues such as rice bran and sugar cane bagasse. The maximum levan production by C. cellulans MP1 was 14.8±1.2 g/l after 20 h of cultivation in media containing 200 g/l sucrose. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first genome-based analysis of a Cellulosimicrobium species which focuses on lignocellulosic enzymes and levan biosynthesis, illustrating that the C. cellulans MP1 has a great potential to be an efficient platform for basic research and industrial exploitation.
The picture fuzzy set is an extension of the fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy set for solving real-world problems. Entropy and distance measures play significant roles in measures for solving problems ...involving fuzzy environments. This paper has presented some new distance and entropy measures using picture fuzzy sets to solve problems of medical diagnosis and multi-criteria decision making problems. In addition, the entropy measure is induced from the distances of picture fuzzy sets in order to determine entropy measure of picture fuzzy sets. The proposed methods combined entropy and distance measures to construct the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution model to solve multi-criteria decision making problem. To validate the proposed methods, some numerical examples are given to demonstrate new measurements. The efficiency of the measure is proven by comparison to other measures when solving medical diagnosis in multi-criteria decision making for illustrations in numerical COVID-19 medicine selection.
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