Aim
To assess whether periodontal treatment can lead to clinical, glycaemic control and quality of life improvements in metabolically unbalanced diabetic patients (type 1 or type 2) diagnosed with ...periodontitis.
Methods
In this open‐labelled randomized controlled trial, diabetic subjects (n = 91) were given “immediate” or “delayed” periodontal treatment (full‐mouth non‐surgical scaling and root planing, systemic antibiotics, and oral health instructions). The main outcome was the effect on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) and fructosamine levels. The General Oral Health Assessment Index and the SF‐36 index were used to assess quality of life (QoL).
Results
Periodontal health significantly improved after periodontal treatment (p < 0.001). Periodontal treatment seemed to be safe but had no significant effects on glycaemic control based on HbA1C (adjusted mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (aMD) of 0.04 −0.16;0.24) and fructosamine levels (aMD 5.0 −10.2;20.2). There was no obvious evidence of improvement in general QoL after periodontal treatment. However, there was significant improvement in oral health‐related QoL (aMD 7.0 2.4;11.6, p = 0.003).
Conclusion
Although periodontal treatment showed no clinical effect on glycaemic control in this trial, important data were provided to support periodontal care among diabetic patients. Periodontal treatment is safe and improves oral health‐related QoL in patients living with diabetes. ISRCTN15334496.
► High-resolution monitoring of stream δ
13C
DOC values in an headwater catchment. ► Precise localization of DOC sources in a headwater catchment. ► Dynamics of DOC sources mobilized during a storm ...event. ► Wetland soils are the dominant DOC source during storm events. ► δ
13C
DOC are an interesting tool for the reconstruction of water pathways in headwater catchments.
Stable carbon isotopes (δ
13C) are assessed in further detail for their potential to (i) trace the relationship between spatial variations in the source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soils and temporal variability of both DOC concentration and composition in streams, and (ii) elucidate water pathway changes during storm events in headwater catchments. For this purpose, we investigated δ
13C
DOC values in a wetland soil (0–50
cm), in deep groundwater (until 6
m) and during a storm flow event with high-resolution monitoring (⩽hourly basis) in a small, lowland catchment in western France (Kervidy-Naizin catchment). The results show a combined increase of stream DOC concentration (from 4 to 14
mg
L
−1) and decrease of stream δ
13C
DOC (from −27 to −29‰) with increasing discharge, suggesting a change in DOC sources between base flow and storm flow periods. Such an interpretation is consistent with the δ
13C
DOC values in soils that show a 6‰ vertical variation, with δ
13C
DOC values of the uppermost soil horizons (0–10
cm) of the wetland domains being close to those measured in the stream channel during the ascending limb of the hydrograph. Overall, the results presented in this study are consistent with a model in which the water-table rise and wetland runoff caused by rainfall lead to a flushing of the DOC stored in the uppermost soil horizons of the wetland domains near the channel network. Subsequently, these wetland soils become the dominant DOC source during storm events (ca. 70% of the total DOC flux). In this way, the stream DOC isotopic composition reflects the combined effects of the vertical variation of soil organic matter composition as well as the changes in water routing through time. This study demonstrates the ability of the stable isotopes of carbon to serve not only as a tool for the location of stream DOC sources in landscapes but also the reconstruction of water pathways in headwater catchments.
Oncogenic alterations underlying B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in adults remain incompletely elucidated. To uncover novel oncogenic drivers, we performed RNA sequencing and whole-genome ...analyses in a large cohort of unresolved B-ALL. We identified a novel subtype characterized by a distinct gene expression signature and the unique association of 2 genomic microdeletions. The 17q21.31 microdeletion resulted in a UBTF::ATXN7L3 fusion transcript encoding a chimeric protein. The 13q12.2 deletion resulted in monoallelic ectopic expression of the homeobox transcription factor CDX2, located 138 kb in cis from the deletion. Using 4C-sequencing and CRISPR interference experiments, we elucidated the mechanism of CDX2 cis-deregulation, involving PAN3 enhancer hijacking. CDX2/UBTF ALL (n = 26) harbored a distinct pattern of additional alterations including 1q gain and CXCR4 activating mutations. Within adult patients with Ph− B-ALL enrolled in GRAALL trials, patients with CDX2/UBTF ALL (n = 17/723, 2.4%) were young (median age, 31 years) and dramatically enriched in females (male/female ratio, 0.2, P = .002). They commonly presented with a pro-B phenotype ALL and moderate blast cell infiltration. They had poor response to treatment including a higher risk of failure to first induction course (19% vs 3%, P = .017) and higher post-induction minimal residual disease (MRD) levels (MRD ≥ 10−4, 93% vs 46%, P < .001). This early resistance to treatment translated into a significantly higher cumulative incidence of relapse (75.0% vs 32.4%, P = .004) in univariate and multivariate analyses. In conclusion, we discovered a novel B-ALL entity defined by the unique combination of CDX2 cis-deregulation and UBTF::ATXN7L3 fusion, representing a high-risk disease in young adults.
•CDX2 cis-deregulation and UBTF::ATXN7L3 fusion driven by focal deletions define a novel subtype of B-ALL.•CDX2/UBTF::ATXN7L3 is a high-risk B-ALL subtype in young adults, which warrants improved therapeutic strategies.
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•Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) could represent a candidate for alternative to antibiotics•AgNP inhibits growth of the gram-positive S. zooepidemicus and gram-negative A. equuli reported in this ...study•In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility to AgNP was observed for concentrations as low as 25 ppm for A. equuli and 12,5 ppm for S. zooepidemicus after 8 hours of incubation•Bactericidal effect of AgNP is preserved after nebulization
Antimicrobial resistance is increasing in both human and veterinary medicine. Bacteria can be part of the etiology of respiratory disorders in horses. Bactericidal activity of silver has been largely described and silver is currently used in veterinary therapeutic applications such as wound dressings. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro bactericidal effects of nebulized silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on 2 common equine respiratory bacteria, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli. Firstly, antimicrobial susceptibility of AgNP was determined over time by turbidity assessment in liquid broth. Secondly, bacterial growth inhibition was tested after instillation or after nebulization of low (100 ppm) and high (500, 1,000 and 2,000 ppm) concentrations of AgNP on agar plate. Both bacteria were susceptible to AgNP, even at dilution 1:4 for A. equuli and 1:8 for S. zooepidemicus after 8 hours of incubation, and 1:256 for both bacteria after 24 hours of incubation. The bacterial growth was partially inhibited at low concentration and completely inhibited at high concentrations of instilled AgNP. The bacterial growth was completely inhibited after nebulization of low concentrations of AgNP for A. equuli and high concentrations of AgNP for S. zooepidemicus.
We concluded nebulized AgNP could be a candidate for innovative therapeutic way against bacterial respiratory disorders in horses. Nevertheless, further investigations are required to assess the in vivo potential and toxicity of nebulized AgNP.
To obtain better constraints on the control of seasonal hydrological variations on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics in headwater catchments, we combined hydrometric monitoring with ...high‐frequency analyses of DOC concentration and DOC chemical composition (specific UV adsorption, δ13C) in soil and stream waters during one complete hydrological cycle in a small lowland catchment of western France. We observed a succession of four hydrological periods, each corresponding to specific DOC signatures. In particular, the rise of the upland water table at the end of the rewetting period yielded to a strong increase of the specific UV absorbance (from 2.5 to 4.0 L mg C−1 m−1) and of the δ13C values (from −29 to −27‰) of the soil DOC. Another striking feature was the release of large amounts of DOC during reduction of soil Fe‐oxyhydroxides at the end of the high‐flow period. Comparison of hydrometric data with DOC composition metrics showed that soils from the upland domains were rapidly DOC depleted after the rise of the water table in these domains, whereas wetland soils acted as quasi‐infinite DOC sources. Results from this study showed that the composition and ultimate source of the DOC exported to the stream will depend on the period within the annual hydrological cycle. However, we found that the aromatic DOC component identified during the high‐flow period will likely represent the dominant DOC component in stream waters on an annual basis, because most of the annual stream DOC flux is exported during such periods.
Key Points
DOC composition in soil and stream waters exhibit strong seasonal variations
Seasonal changes in DOC source pools in wetland soils driven by hydrology
Upland soils quickly depleted during the wet season contrary to wetland soils
Although amino acids (AA) synthesized by enteric microbiota in the upper gut of nonruminants can be absorbed, they do not necessarily make a net contribution to the host's AA supply. That depends on ...whether protein or nonprotein nitrogen sources are used for microbial protein production. We determined the contributions of urea, endogenous protein (EP), and dietary protein (DP) to microbial valine (M.VAL) at the distal ileum of growing pigs, based on isotope dilutions after a 4-d continuous infusion of L-1-¹³Cvaline to label EP and of ¹⁵N¹⁵Nurea. Eight barrows were assigned to either a cornstarch and soybean meal-based diet with or without 12% added fermentable fiber from pectin. Dietary pectin did not affect (P > 0.10) the contributions of the endogenous and DP to M.VAL. More than 92% of valine in microbial protein in the upper gut was derived from preformed AA from endogenous and DP, suggesting that de novo synthesis makes only a small contribution to microbial AA.
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus
Streptomyces
are prolific producers of specialized metabolites, including antibiotics. The linear chromosome includes a central region harboring core genes, as well as ...extremities enriched in specialized metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Here, we show that chromosome structure in
Streptomyces ambofaciens
correlates with genetic compartmentalization during exponential phase. Conserved, large and highly transcribed genes form boundaries that segment the central part of the chromosome into domains, whereas the terminal ends tend to be transcriptionally quiescent compartments with different structural features. The onset of metabolic differentiation is accompanied by a rearrangement of chromosome architecture, from a rather ‘open’ to a ‘closed’ conformation, in which highly expressed specialized metabolite biosynthetic genes form new boundaries. Thus, our results indicate that the linear chromosome of
S. ambofaciens
is partitioned into structurally distinct entities, suggesting a link between chromosome folding, gene expression and genome evolution.
Historical cohorts have shown extent of coronary artery disease to be a predictor of poorer outcomes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. However, contemporary data in the era of ...reperfusion and modern secondary prevention therapy are lacking.
To compare 3-year survival in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with multivessel disease versus those with single-vessel disease.
Using data from the FAST-MI 2005, 2010 and 2015 registries, three nationwide French surveys, we included all patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention within 24hours of symptom onset. Baseline characteristics, management and 3-year all-cause mortality were analysed according to coronary status (single-, two- and three-vessel disease).
Among 3907 patients (mean age 62.4±13.7 years; 75.9% male), patients with multivessel disease (two- or three-vessel disease) accounted for 47.9%; overall, they were older, with higher cardiovascular risk profiles. In a multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression model, only patients with three-vessel disease had a higher rate of mortality at 3 years compared with those with single-vessel disease (hazard ratio 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.68–2.26; P<0.001). Finally, patients with multivessel disease with complete myocardial revascularization before discharge had a similar prognosis to patients with single-vessel disease (hazard ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 0.84–1.64; P=0.35).
Multivessel disease still represents an important proportion of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Although three-vessel disease is associated with higher 3-year mortality, patients with multivessel disease and complete myocardial revascularization in the contemporary era have a 3-year risk of death similar to that in patients with single-vessel disease.
Plusieurs cohortes historiques ont montré que l’étendu de la maladie coronaire était un facteur prédictif péjoratif du devenir des patients avec infarctus du myocarde avec sus décalage ST (SCA ST+). Peu de données récentes sont toutefois disponibles avec les traitements de reperfusion et de prévention secondaire actuels.
Évaluer la survie à 3 ans des patients avec un SCA ST+ pluri tronculaire comparé à ceux mono tronculaires.
A partir des registres FAST-MI 2005, 2010 et 2015, 3 enquêtes nationales, nous avons inclus tous les patients avec un SCA ST+ traités par angioplastie primaire dans les 24heures après l’apparition des symptômes. Les principales caractéristiques, la prise en charge et la survie à 3 ans de ces patients ont été analysées selon le statu coronaire (1, 2 ou 3 vaisseaux atteints).
Parmi les 3907 patients inclus (âge moyen 62,4±13,7 ans ; 75,9 % d’homme), les patients pluri tronculaires représentaient 47,9 %. Globalement, ils étaient plus âgés avec un profil de risque plus sévère. En analyse multi variée, seuls les patients tri tronculaires avaient un sur risque de mortalité à 3 ans par rapport aux patients mono tronculaires (HR 1,52, IC95 % 1,68–2,26 ; p<0,001). Les patients pluri tronculaires revascularisés complètement (avant la sortie) avaient un pronostic similaire à ceux mono tronculaires (HR 1,17, IC95 % 0,84–1,64 ; p=0,35).
Les patients pluri-tronculaires représentent encore une proportion importante des SCA ST+. Si l’atteinte tri-tronculaire reste associée à une surmortalité à 3 ans, les patients pluri-tronculaires complètement revascularisés semblent toutefois avoir un pronostic similaire à ceux mono tronculaires avec les traitements de reperfusion et de prévention secondaire modernes.
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