Although GRB 211211A is one of the closest gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), its classification is challenging because of its partially inconclusive electromagnetic signatures. In this paper, we investigate ...four different astrophysical scenarios as possible progenitors for GRB~211211A: a binary neutron-star merger, a black-hole--neutron-star merger, a core-collapse supernova, and an r-process enriched core collapse of a rapidly rotating massive star (a collapsar). We perform a large set of Bayesian multi-wavelength analyses based on different models describing these scenarios and priors to investigate which astrophysical scenarios and processes might be related to GRB~211211A. Our analysis supports previous studies in which the presence of an additional component, likely related to \(r\)-process nucleosynthesis, is required to explain the observed light curves of GRB~211211A, as it can not solely be explained as a GRB afterglow. Fixing the distance to about \(350~\rm Mpc\), namely the distance of the possible host galaxy SDSS J140910.47+275320.8, we find a statistical preference for a binary neutron-star merger scenario.
GW170817 and its associated electromagnetic counterpart AT2017gfo continue to be a treasure trove as observations and modeling continue. Recent precision astrometry of AT2017gfo with the Hubble Space ...Telescope combined with previous constraints from Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) constraints narrowed down the inclination angle to 19-25 deg (90\% confidence). This paper explores how the inclusion of precise inclination information can reveal new insights about the ejecta properties, in particular, about the composition of the dynamical ejecta of AT2017gfo. Our analysis relies on updated kilonova modeling, which includes state-of-the-art heating rates, thermalization efficiencies, and opacities and is parameterized by \(\bar{Y}_{\rm e,dyn}\), the average electron fraction of the dynamical ejecta component. Using this model, we incorporate the latest inclination angle constraint of AT2017gfo into a light curve fitting framework to derive updated parameter estimates. Our results suggest that the viewing angle of the observer is pointed towards the lanthanide-poor (\(Y_{\rm e,dyn}\gtrsim0.25\)), squeezed polar dynamical ejecta component, which can explain the early blue emission observed in the light curve of AT2017gfo. In contrast to a recent claim of spherical ejecta powering AT2017gfo, our study indicates that the composition of the dynamical ejecta has a strong angular dependence, with a lanthanide-rich (\(Y_{\rm e,dyn}\lesssim0.25\)), tidal component distributed around the merger plane with a half-opening angle of \(35^\circ\). The inclination angle constraint reduces \(\bar{Y}_{\rm e,dyn}\) from \(0.24\) to \(0.22\), with values \(0.17\lesssim Y_{\rm e, dyn} \lesssim0.41\) enabling the robust production of \(r\)-process elements up to the \(3^{\rm rd}\) peak in the tidal dynamical ejecta.
We report observations of the optical counterpart of the long gamma-ray burst (LGRB) GRB 230812B, and its associated supernova (SN) SN 2023pel. The proximity (\(z = 0.36\)) and high energy ...(\(E_{\gamma, \rm{iso}} \sim 10^{53}\) erg) make it an important event to study as a probe of the connection between massive star core-collapse and relativistic jet formation. With a phenomenological power-law model for the optical afterglow, we find a late-time flattening consistent with the presence of an associated SN. SN 2023pel has an absolute peak \(r\)-band magnitude of \(M_r = -19.46 \pm 0.18\) mag (about as bright as SN 1998bw) and evolves on quicker timescales. Using a radioactive heating model, we derive a nickel mass powering the SN of \(M_{\rm{Ni}} = 0.38 \pm 0.01\) \(\rm{M_\odot}\), and a peak bolometric luminosity of \(L_{\rm{bol}} \sim 1.3 \times 10^{43}\) \(\rm{erg}\) \(\rm{s^{-1}}\). We confirm SN 2023pel's classification as a broad-lined Type Ic SN with a spectrum taken 15.5 days after its peak in \(r\) band, and derive a photospheric expansion velocity of \(v_{\rm{ph}} = 11,300 \pm 1,600\) \(\rm{km}\) \(\rm{s^{-1}}\) at that phase. Extrapolating this velocity to the time of maximum light, we derive the ejecta mass \(M_{\rm{ej}} = 1.0 \pm 0.6\) \(\rm{M_\odot}\) and kinetic energy \(E_{\rm{KE}} = 1.3^{+3.3}_{-1.2} \times10^{51}\) \(\rm{erg}\). We find that GRB 230812B/SN 2023pel has SN properties that are mostly consistent with the overall GRB-SN population. The lack of correlations found in the GRB-SN population between SN brightness and \(E_{\gamma, \rm{iso}}\) for their associated GRBs, across a broad range of 7 orders of magnitude, provides further evidence that the central engine powering the relativistic ejecta is not coupled to the SN powering mechanism in GRB-SN systems.
