Lnc-DC is a specific group of long non-coding (Lnc) RNAs in dendritic cells (DCs). Its function has been previously studied, and includes roles in dendritic cell differentiation and the progression ...of some diseases. In this study, we observed the critical role of Lnc-DC in regulating the differentiation, growth, and apoptosis of dendritic cells.
We first isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells to culture and induce into DCs, which were then co-cultured with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-secreting HepG2.2.15 cells for the detection of changes in Lnc-DC. The expression levels of TLR9, p-STAT3, and SOCS3 were tested with qPCR and western blot. MTT assays were used to analyze the cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. We used ELISA to test the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, and IFN-γ.
Co-culture with HBV-secreting HepG2.2.15 cells increased the level of Lnc-DC and activated TLR9/STAT3 signaling. The HBV DNA level (IU/ml) was positively correlated with levels of Lnc-DC and TLR9, further demonstrating that Lnc-DC was associated with the immune response of HBV. Lnc-DC was shown to regulate TLR9/STAT3 signaling in dendritic cells. More interestingly, the regulation of Lnc-DC controlled the immune response by reducing the concentration of secreted TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ, as well as increasing the IL-1β concentration in dendritic cells.
Lnc-DC is important in regulating the growth, apoptosis, and immune response of dendritic cells mediated by TLR9/STAT3 signaling, and was also activated by HBV. This study provides a previously unidentified mechanism underlying the immune response in dendritic cells.
In this paper, a nation coated electrode is prepared to improve the performance of lithium sulfur batteries. It is demonstrated from a series of measurements that the nafion layer is quite effective ...in reducing shuttle effect and enhancing the stability and the reversibility of the electrode. When measured under the rate of 0.2 C, the initial discharge capacity of the nafion coated electrode can reach 1084 mAh g super(-1), with a Columbic efficiency of about 100%. After 100 charge/discharge cycles, this electrode can also deliver a reversible capacity of as high as 879 mAh g super(-1). Significantly, the charge-transfer resistance of the electrode tends to be reducing after coated with an appropriate thickness of nafion film. The cation conductivity as well as anion inconductivity is considered to be the dominant factor for the superior electrochemical properties.
Room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (AMIMTFSI) was obtained with high conductivity (7.8mS/cm) and a wide electrochemical window ...(1–5.8V). The AMIMTFSI based electrolytes with PC have been investigated by comparison with the ionic liquid 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PMIMTFSI) based electrolytes. Raman observations revealed AMIMTFSI-based electrolytes achieved lower degree of Li(TFSI)2− anionic clusters and more free Li+ charge carriers than PMIMTFSI-based electrolyte. LiFePO4 cathode with AMIMTFSI-PC (50wt%)–1M LiTFSI electrolyte showed the best performance in the rate charge–discharge among the binary and ternary ionic liquid based electrolytes. The first reversible capacity of 159mAhg−1 and coulombic efficiency of 97.2% at C/20 were obtained with AMIMTFSI-PC (50wt%)–1M LiTFSI electrolyte compared to 144.2mAhg−1 and 94.5% respectively with PMIMTFSI-PC (50wt%)–1M LiTFSI electrolyte. EIS results indicated that a stable protective layer was formed on the electrode surface in AMIMTFSI-based electrolyte. The layer helped to suppress the solvent decomposition and improve the cycling performance of Li-ion batteries. The Li/LiFePO4 cell showed interfacial stability and stable discharge capacities with a retention of 97.4% (151mAhg−1) after 100 cycles at 0.1C rate in AMIMTFSI-PC (50wt%)–1M LiTFSI electrolyte.
Transition metal oxides have been actively exploited for application in lithium ion batteries due to their facile synthesis, high specific capacity, and environmental-friendly. In this paper, Fe
3
O
...4
@TiO
2
@C yolk–shell (Y–S) spheres, used as anode material for lithium ion batteries, were successfully fabricated by Stӧber method. XRD patterns reveal that Fe
3
O
4
@TiO
2
@C Y–S spheres possess a good crystallinity. But the diffraction peaks’ intensity of Fe
3
O
4
crystals in the composites is much weaker than that of bare Fe
3
O
4
spheres, indicating that the outer anatase TiO
2
@C layer can cover up the diffraction peaks of inner Fe
3
O
4
spheres. The yolk–shell structure of Fe
3
O
4
@TiO
2
@C spheres is further characterized by TEM, HAADF-STEM, and EDS mapping. The yolk–shell structure is good for improving the cycling stability of the inner Fe
3
O
4
spheres during lithium ions insertion–extraction processes. When tested at 200 mA/g, the Fe
3
O
4
@TiO
2
@C Y–S spheres can provide a stable discharge capacity of 450 mAh/g over 100 cycles, which is much better than that of bare Fe
3
O
4
spheres and TiO
2
@C spheres. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry curves show that the composites have a good cycling stability compared to bare Fe
3
O
4
spheres.
Increasing seed oil content is one of the most important goals in breeding of rapeseed (B. napus L.). To dissect the genetic basis of oil content in B. napus, a large and new double haploid (DH) ...population containing 348 lines was obtained from a cross between 'KenC-8' and 'N53-2', two varieties with >10% difference in seed oil content, and this population was named the KN DH population. A genetic linkage map consisting of 403 markers was constructed, which covered a total length of 1783.9 cM with an average marker interval of 4.4 cM. The KN DH population was phenotyped in eight natural environments and subjected to quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for oil content. A total of 63 identified QTLs explaining 2.64-17.88% of the phenotypic variation were identified, and these QTLs were further integrated into 24 consensus QTLs located on 11 chromosomes using meta-analysis. A high-density consensus map with 1335 marker loci was constructed by combining the KN DH map with seven other published maps based on the common markers. Of the 24 consensus QTLs in the KN DH population, 14 were new QTLs including five new QTLs in A genome and nine in C genome. The analysis revealed that a larger population with significant differences in oil content gave a higher power detecting new QTLs for oil content, and the construction of the consensus map provided a new clue for comparing the QTLs detected in different populations. These findings enriched our knowledge of QTLs for oil content and should be a potential in marker-assisted breeding of B. napus.
N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE)-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) is a zinc metallohydrolase enzyme that converts NAPEs to bioactive N-acyl-ethanolamides. Altered NAPE-PLD activity may ...contribute to pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurological diseases. Selective measurement of NAPE-PLD activity is challenging, however, because of alternative phospholipase pathways for NAPE hydrolysis. Previous methods to measure NAPE-PLD activity involved addition of exogenous NAPE followed by TLC or LC/MS/MS, which are time and resource intensive. Recently, NAPE-PLD activity in cells has been assayed using the fluorogenic NAPE analogs PED-A1 and PED6, but these substrates also detect the activity of serine hydrolase-type lipases PLA1 and PLA2. To create a fluorescence assay that selectively measured cellular NAPE-PLD activity, we synthesized an analog of PED-A1 (flame-NAPE) where the sn-1 ester bond was replaced with an N-methyl amide to create resistance to PLA1 hydrolysis. Recombinant NAPE-PLD produced fluorescence when incubated with either PED-A1 or flame-NAPE, whereas PLA1 only produced fluorescence when incubated with PED-A1. Furthermore, fluorescence in HepG2 cells using PED-A1 could be partially blocked by either biothionol (a selective NAPE-PLD inhibitor) or tetrahydrolipstatin (an inhibitor of a broad spectrum of serine hydrolase-type lipases). In contrast, fluorescence assayed in HepG2 cells using flame-NAPE could only be blocked by biothionol. In multiple cell types, the phospholipase activity detected using flame-NAPE was significantly more sensitive to biothionol inhibition than that detected using PED-A1. Thus, using flame-NAPE to measure phospholipase activity provides a rapid and selective method to measure NAPE-PLD activity in cells and tissues.
Yield of rapeseed is determined by three components: silique number, seed number per silique and thousand seed weight. Seed number per silique and thousand seed weight are influenced by silique ...length, seed density, silique breadth, silique thickness and silique volume. Some QTLs for silique traits have been reported in B. napus, however, no studies have focused on the six agronomic traits (seed number per silique, silique length, silique breadth, silique thickness, seed density and silique volume) simultaneously, and the genetic determinism of such complex traits have not been fully elucidated.
In this study, the six silique traits were evaluated using 348 lines of a doubled haploid population, the KN population. The results showed that 2, 4, 1, 1 and 2 QTLs explaining > 10 % of phenotypic variation were obtained for silique length, silique breadth, silique thickness, seed number per silique and silique volume, respectively. Notably, three major effect QTLs (cqSB-C6-1, cqSB-C6-2 and cqSV-C6-3) were identified in at least three environments, and 17 unique QTLs controlling at least two traits were obtained. A high-density consensus map containing 1225 markers was constructed for QTL comparison by combining the KN map with other five published maps. The comparative results revealed that 14, 13 and 11 QTLs for silique breadth, silique thickness and silique volume might be the potential new QTLs because few QTLs for these traits were reported in B. napus. In addition, potential new QTLs for silique length (11), seed number per silique (6) and seed density (5) were also identified. Twenty-five candidate genes underlying 27 QTLs for silique related traits were obtained.
This study constructed QTL analysis in B. napus, and obtained 60 consensus QTLs for six silique related traits. The potential new QTLs will enhance our understanding of the genetic control of silique traits, and the stable QTLs provided the targets for improving seed yield in future. These findings provided comprehensive insights into the genetic network affecting silique traits at QTL level in B. napus.
•Photosynthesis of leaf and silique influenced yield and oil content of rape seed.•Photosynthesis capacity of leaf was significantly higher than that of silique.•Seed maturity degree and silique ...photosynthesis influenced seed oil composition.
With the purpose of enhancing oil production, the present work was carried out to elucidate relationships between photosynthesis of leaves, siliques and seeds yield and seeds oil accumulation of oilseed rape. Field trials, in which two repeated experiments was carried out during 2012–2014 growth season, a rape hybrids the “Qin You No.7” (Brassica napus L.) variety was taken into account. The results showed that, on rape plant the photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid contents of leaf were significantly higher than that of silique shell. Oil content of 94.7% was achieved in young seeds (sampled at 25th day after flowering ending stage of the tested rape plant) versus to mature seeds, saturated fatty acids percent was higher whereas oleic acid percent was lower of oil extracted from young seeds. During flowering period of the rape plants tested, area and dry weight of leaves attained maximum, treatments of removing leaves induced reduction in seeds number per silique, siliques number, seeds yield per plant and seeds oil content, these indexes were respectively decreased by 73.6%, 43.4%, 83.4% and 10.5% in maximum, and seeds oil composition was not significantly influenced; during seeds growing period of the tested plants, surface area and dry weight of siliques attained maximum, under shading siliques treatment, the 1000-seed weight, seeds yield per plant and seeds oil content were respectively reduced by 57.5%, 61.4% and 44.7% in maximum, and seeds oil oleic acid (C18:1) and linolenic acid (C18:3) percent was decreased, linolic acid (C18:2) and erucidic acid (C22:1) percent was increased. So for oilseed rape plant during flowering period, surface area and photosynthesis of leaves dramatically influenced siliques number, seeds number and seeds yield; while in seeds growth period, surface area and photosynthesis of siliques greatly influenced 1000-seed yield, seeds yield, seeds oil content and oil composition; oil accumulation in rape seeds initiated early since seeds commencing growth, seed mature degree influenced oil composition of seeds.
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•Lipids.•Chiral pool.•Mosher Esters.•Stereoselective.
Linoleate triol esters are intermediates along the pathway of formation of the mammalian skin permeability barrier. In connection ...with the study of their involvement in barrier formation we required access to isomerically pure and defined samples of four linoleate triol esters. A common synthetic strategy was developed starting from isomeric alkynols derived from d-tartaric acid and 2-deoxy-d-ribose.
Many vegetable and oilseed crops belong to
species. The seed production of these crops is hampered often by abnormal floral organs, especially under the conditions of abiotic conditions. However, the ...molecular reasons for these abnormal floral organs remains poorly understood. Here, we report a novel pistil-like flower mutant of
. In the flower of this mutant, the four sepals are modified to one merged carpel that look like a ring in the sepal positions, enveloping some abnormal stamens and a pistil, and resulting in poor seed production. This novel mutant is named
(
). DNA sequencing showed that the
gene, the ortholog of
(
) that specifies sepal identity, losses the function of in
mutant due to a 119-bp repeated sequence insertion that resulted in an early transcription termination.
, the paralog of
featured two single-nucleotide substitutions that cause a single amino acid substitution in the highly conserved acidic serine-rich transcriptional activation domain. Each of the two
genes rescues the sepal defective phenotype of the
mutant of
. Furthermore, the knockout mutation of the corresponding
genes of oilseed rape (
) by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing system resulted in
-like phenotype. These results suggest that
gene plays a key role in sepal modification. Our finding provides an insight into molecular mechanism underlying morphological modification of floral organs and is useful for genetic manipulation of flower modification and improvement of seed production of
crops.
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