Battery management system (BMS) refers to a critical electronic control unit in the power battery system of electric vehicles. It is capable of detecting and estimating battery status online, ...especially estimating state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) accurately. Safe driving and battery life optimization are of high significance. As indicated from recent literature reports, most relevant studies on battery health estimation are offline estimation, and several problems emerged (e.g., long time-consuming, considerable calculation and unable to estimate online). Given this, the present study proposes an online estimation method of lithium-ion health based on particle swarm support vector machine algorithm. By exploiting the data of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) battery samples, this study explores the changing law of battery state of charge under different battery health. In addition, particle swarm algorithm is adopted to optimize the kernel function of the support vector machine for the joint estimation of battery SOC and SOH. As indicated from the tests (e.g., Dynamic Stress Test), it exhibits good adaptability and feasibility. This study also provides a certain reference for the application of BMS system in electric vehicle battery online detection and state estimation.
Pigs' backfat quality has an important impact on the quality of pork and pork products and has a strong relationship with nutrition and sensory characteristics. This study aimed to identify the ...related candidate genes of backfat quality and to preliminary clarify the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying pig backfat quality phenotypes. Expression assessments of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA profiling in backfat from high-quality (firm and white) and low-quality (soft and yellow) Beijing Black pigs were performed by RNA sequencing. Significantly different expressions were observed in 610 protein-coding genes and 290 lncRNAs between the two groups. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway annotation showed that some candidate differentially expressed genes that participate in lipid-related pathways and pigmentation terms may play a role in backfat quality in pigs. The cis-target and trans-target genes were predicted to explore the regulatory function of lncRNAs, and integrative analyses of different expression lncRNAs targets and different expression genes were performed. The results showed the regulatory networks of lncRNA-mRNA related to backfat quality, and our study obtained strong candidate genes for backfat quality:
,
,
,
and
, which were involved in fat metabolism, adipogenesis regulation, and pigmentation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the molecular genetic mechanisms of backfat quality in pigs, and these findings improve the current understanding of backfat quality mechanisms and provide a foundation for further studies.
Nattokinase from fermentation has recently gained more attention due to its beneficial effects on cardiovascular system. However, the instability of free nattokinase limits its application. The aim ...of the study was to develop a spray‐drying microencapsulation process to obtain the nattokinase powder with high activity, high quality, and strong storage stability. Hence, the microencapsulation process of nattokinase from fermentation by spray drying was optimized. Experiments of single‐factor and response surface methodology were used to assess the comprehensive scores and nattokinase activities. According to single‐factor and response surface methodology results, optimum parameters of microencapsulation process of the nattokinase power by spray drying were 30% of mass ratio of wall materials, 139°C of air inlet temperature, 8 L/h of feed rate, and 80°C of outlet temperature. The final optimized result encompassed a comprehensive score of 96, nattokinase activity of 1,340 IU/ml, and moisture content of 4.1 ± 0.1%. In addition, the microencapsulated nattokinase power showed strong storage stability in the conditions of different temperatures and pH. After 30 days of storage, the nattokinase powder was still white or light yellow, with a special smell, no peculiar smell and paste taste, and no impurity. These results build the basis of further industrialization of the nattokinase powder from fermentation broth by spray drying.
A spray‐drying microencapsulation process to obtain the nattokinase powder with high activity, high quality and storage stability.
Bio-based cadaverine, manufactured by the decarboxylation of
l
-lysine, is an important raw material. However, the extractive-distillation separation and purification of cadaverine from bioconversion ...fluids require high energy consumption and leads to the loss of self-released carbon dioxide during the decarboxylation of
l
-lysine. This study focuses on the green and sustainable separation of bio-based cadaverine based on the capture of self-released carbon dioxide by cadaverine forming carbamate. Results showed that granular-activated carbon JK1 shows the best decolorization efficiency and achieves a higher cadaverine yield. After three times of solventing-out crystallization, refined cadaverine carbamate with 99.1% purity and total 57.48% yield was obtained. It was also found that the refined cadaverine carbamate consists of mixed crystals having numerous structural forms that can easily dissociate carbon dioxide. Furthermore, the amine carbamate strategy may be of great value for the development of a green and sustainable separation mode of bio-based amines and carbon dioxide capture.
Cadaverine carbamate, capturing the self-released carbon dioxide from the decarboxylation of
l
-lysine, is the green and sustainable separation of bio-based cadaverine.
The seven-volume set comprising LNCS volumes 7572-7578 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2012, held in Florence, Italy, in October 2012. ...The 408 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1437 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on geometry, 2D and 3D shapes, 3D reconstruction, visual recognition and classification, visual features and image matching, visual monitoring: action and activities, models, optimisation, learning, visual tracking and image registration, photometry: lighting and colour, and image segmentation.
Binary eutectic chloride (NaCl–CaCl2)/expanded graphite (EG) composite phase change materials (PCMs), used as high-temperature thermal energy storage materials, were prepared by an impregnating ...method, and the effects of EG additives on thermal properties of compound salts were investigated by TEM, DSC and Hotdisk techniques. The results revealed that both the specific heat capacity and phase change latent heat of composite PCMs decreased with the increase of EG content, the variation of phase change temperature was negligible, and the thermal conductivities of composite PCMs increased linearly with the addition of EG content and density. In particular, the thermal conductivity of the composite PCM with 20wt% of EG and 2g/cm3 of density was 4.937W/(mK), which showed 701.1% higher than binary eutectic chloride. The heating and cooling rate of composite PCMs were higher than binary eutectic chloride, and the melting and freezing platform time also reduced with the addition of EG content.
•A new binary chloride/expanded graphite was designed.•The composition of eutectic salts were predicted from calculated phase diagrams.•Thermal properties were measured including heat capacity, specific heat, etc.•The effect of expanded graphite on thermal conductivities was investigated.
In this paper, we go beyond recognizing the actions of individuals and focus on group activities. This is motivated from the observation that human actions are rarely performed in isolation; the ...contextual information of what other people in the scene are doing provides a useful cue for understanding high-level activities. We propose a novel framework for recognizing group activities which jointly captures the group activity, the individual person actions, and the interactions among them. Two types of contextual information, group-person interaction and person-person interaction, are explored in a latent variable framework. In particular, we propose three different approaches to model the person-person interaction. One approach is to explore the structures of person-person interaction. Differently from most of the previous latent structured models, which assume a predefined structure for the hidden layer, e.g., a tree structure, we treat the structure of the hidden layer as a latent variable and implicitly infer it during learning and inference. The second approach explores person-person interaction in the feature level. We introduce a new feature representation called the action context (AC) descriptor. The AC descriptor encodes information about not only the action of an individual person in the video, but also the behavior of other people nearby. The third approach combines the above two. Our experimental results demonstrate the benefit of using contextual information for disambiguating group activities.
Compared with inorganic long‐lasting luminescent materials, organic room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) ones show several advantages, such as flexibility, transparency, solubility and color ...adjustability. However, organic RTP materials close to commercialization are still to be developed. In this work, we developed a new host–guest doping system with stimulus‐responsive RTP characteristics, in which triphenylphosphine oxide (OPph3) acted host and benzo(dibenzo)phenothiazine dioxide derivatives as guests. Turn‐on RTP effect was realized by mixing them together through co‐crystallization or grinding, in which the efficient energy transfer from host to guest and the strong intersystem crossing (ISC) ability of the guest have played significant role. Further on, multistage stimulus‐responsive RTP characteristics from grinding to chemical stimulus were achieved via introducing pyridine group into the guest molecule. In addition, the anti‐counterfeiting printings were realized for these materials through various methods, including stylus printing, thermal printing and inkjet printing, which brings RTP materials closer to commercialization.
The influence of different conjugation degrees on the quantum yield and lifetime of room temperature phosphorescence in a host–guest system is discussed. Multistage stimulus‐responsive RTP characteristics from grinding to chemical stimulus were achieved by introducing a pyridine group into the guest molecule. Anti‐counterfeiting printings were realized through various methods, including stylus printing, thermal printing and inkjet printing.
Precise and rapid monitoring of metabolites in biofluids is a desirable but unmet goal for disease diagnosis and management. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) ...exhibits advantages in metabolite analysis. However, the low accuracy in quantification of the technique limits its transformation to clinical usage. We report herein the use of Au nanoparticle arrays self-assembled at liquid–liquid interfaces for mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative biofluids metabolic profiling. The two-dimensional arrays feature uniformly and closely packed Au nanoparticles with 3 nm interparticle gaps. The experimental study and theoretical simulation show that the arrays exhibit high photothermal conversion and heat confinement effects, which enhance the laser desorption/ionization efficacy. With the nanoscale roughness, the AuNP arrays as laser desorption/ionization substrates can interrupt the coffee-ring effect during droplet evaporation. Therefore, high reproducibility (RSD <5%) is obtained, enabling accurate quantitative analysis of diverse metabolites from 1 μL of biofluids in seconds. By quantifying glucose in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), it allows us to identify patients with brain infection and rapidly evaluate the clinical therapy response. Consequently, the method shows potential in advanced metabolite analysis and biomedical diagnostics.
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