Absence seizures are a type of generalized onset seizure associated in humans with brief activity interruptions, unresponsiveness and staring. Absence seizures are infrequently reported in veterinary ...patients, visually indistinguishable from focal seizures, and so may be grouped as non-generalized tonic clonic seizures (non-GTCS). The objective of this retrospective study was to provide a preliminary understanding of the frequency of non-GTCS in dogs and estimate its prevalence by evaluating the distribution of seizure types presented to a referral hospital over 4 years (May 2017-April 2021), as determined from the medical record history and electroencephalography (EEG) diagnostic testing where available. A total of 528 cases were included via a medical record search for dogs with epilepsy and/or seizures presented to the neurology or emergency services. Cases were categorized into seizure types based on reported clinical signs. Each year, 53–63 % of seizure cases were described as generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS), 9–15 % GTCS with additional events and 29–35 % suspected non-GTCS. EEG confirmed absence seizures in 12 of 44 EEGs, 5 cases having a history of GTCS and seven without prior GTCS. This preliminary study suggests that non-GTCS may be relatively common as one third of seizure cases in the referral population presented with non-GTCS clinical signs. Prospective studies using EEG are merited to definitively determine the prevalence of these different seizure types in dogs. Acknowledging the impact of these seizures will improve awareness, aiding veterinarians in their recognition, diagnosis and potential treatment options.
•Non-generalized tonic clonic seizures (non-GTCS) encompass absence and focal types.•A third of seizure cases in a referral population presented with apparent non-GTCS.•Electroencephalography confirmed non-GTCS in a third of referral seizure cases.•Non-GTCS may be occurring with greater frequency than previously reported.
Humanin is a very recently discovered 24 amino acid linear polypeptide, which protects against cell death induced by either familial Alzheimer's disease mutant of amyloid precursor protein, ...presenilin‐1 or presenilin‐2 in vitro. However, it has remained uncertain whether humanin is a useful drug for the animal model of learning and memory deficit. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Gly14‐humanin, a more potent humanin analogue, on the scopolamine HBr (1 mg kg−1 s.c.)‐induced impairment of spontaneous alternation behaviour in the Y‐maze, an index of short‐term memory in mice. Gly14‐Humanin (1000 pmol 5 μl−1 i.c.v.) reversed the impairment without affecting the number of arm entries. These results suggest that (I) Gly14‐humanin is a beneficial drug for the impairment of learning and memory and (II) it modulates the learning and memory function mediated via cholinergic systems in mice.
British Journal of Pharmacology (2001) 134, 1597–1599; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704429
X-ray spectroscopy of hadronic atoms is a powerful method to study strong interaction between hadrons and nuclei. At J-PARC, we have conducted two experiments, J-PARC E07 and E03, for hadronic atoms ...with a doubly strange hyperon, Ξ
−
, aiming at the world-first detection of their X-rays. The first measurement is performed as a byproduct of J-PARC E07 experiment with the hybrid emulsion technique. The second one, J-PARC E03, is a dedicated experiment for detection of Ξ
−
Fe atom X rays. The preliminary results and the present status of E07 and E03 are shown in this article. Future prospects of Ξ
−
-atomic X-ray spectroscopy are also discussed. A new measurement has been proposed for detecting Ξ
−
C atom X rays, where a novel Ξ
−
tracking method will be applied to realize an improved signal to noise ratio.
To identify the precise molecular processes to induce DNA lesions, we attempt a novel spectroscopy of X-ray induced luminescence (XIL) using soft X-ray synchrotron radiation, which is a ...non-destructive analysis of the reaction intermediates in the elementary reaction pathway of damage induction and self-organized restoration. Using a liquid micro-jet technique to introduce aqueous samples in a vacuum chamber, we measure UV-visible luminescence from nucleotide solution as a function of the soft X-ray energy from the nitrogen to oxygen K-edge region. The XIL intensities for the nucleotide solutions are significantly enhanced in the soft X-ray region (410-530 eV) which is ascribed to the K-shell excitation/ionization of nitrogen atoms in the nucleobases. Furthermore, the XIL spectra do not show any signature of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) of the nucleobases. This is because the luminescence intensities collected from the integral area of the micro-jet only reflect the quantum yield of luminescence of the absorbed X-ray into UV-visible light irrespective of the absorption cross sections, i.e. of XANES. Thus the present result is the first evidence of luminescence as a result of X-ray absorption of aqueous nucleotides.
The mechanism of DNA modification induced by K-shell photoabsorption of nitrogen and oxygen atoms was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance and x-ray absorption near edge structure ...measurements of calf thymus DNA. A g factor of 2.000 for the unpaired electron species, which only arises during irradiation, was measured. The EPR intensities for DNA zwere twofold times larger than those estimated based on the photoabsorption cross section. This suggests that the DNA film itself forms unpaired electron species through the excitation of enhanced electron recapturing, known as the postcollision interaction process.
![[Gly14]‐Humanin improved th...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0007-1188/small "[Gly14]‐Humanin improved the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in vivo")
PDF
