Die Aufnahme Tausender »Fremder« im Sommer 2015 wurde medial euphorisiert als »deutsches Wunder« beschrieben. Die Geflüchteten selbst tauchten in dieser Perspektive kaum auf. Dem Narrativ der ...»Willkommenskultur« folgte ein Wechselbad der Diskurse hin zum drohenden Staatsversagen, der Belastungsgrenze oder sexueller Übergriffe. Dabei ging es primär um die Befindlichkeit der Nation und der »Flüchtling« wurde zum Verursacher nationaler Bedrängnisse. Uwe Becker analysiert diese Diskurse und zeichnet nach, welche Narrative sich im »langen Sommer der Flucht« aufgebaut haben. Dabei zeigt er auf, wie sie im kollektiven Gedächtnis ruhen, jederzeit aktivierbar sind und bis heute eine restriktive Flüchtlingspolitik legitimieren.
Low-energy electrons are the most abundant product of ionizing radiation in condensed matter. The origin of these electrons is most commonly understood to be secondary electrons ionized from core or ...valence levels by incident radiation and slowed by multiple inelastic scattering events. Here, we investigate the production of low-energy electrons in amorphous medium-sized water clusters, which simulate water molecules in an aqueous environment. We identify a hitherto unrecognized extra source of low-energy electrons produced by a non-local autoionization process called intermolecular coulombic decay (ICD). The unequivocal signature of this process is observed in coincidence measurements of low-energy electrons and photoelectrons generated from inner-valence states with vacuum-ultraviolet light. As ICD is expected to take place universally in weakly bound aggregates containing light atoms between carbon and neon in the periodic table, these results could have implications for our understanding of ionization damage in living tissues.
Die Debatte um Inklusion hat seit der 2009 in Deutschland in Kraft getretenen UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention deutlich an Popularität gewonnen. Auffällig ist, dass hier oftmals das Bild einer ...dichotomen Gesellschaft bemüht wird, in der es angeblich ein »Drinnen« und ein »Draußen« gibt. Der Inklusion wird dadurch der Charakter eines »heiligen Projekts« zugeschrieben, durch das Menschen mit Behinderung Aufnahme finden sollen in die Gesellschaft. Es gibt aber keine Exklusion aus der Gesellschaft. Allerdings bestehen innerhalb der Gesellschaft massive Ausgrenzungsprozesse. Diese zu beseitigen hieße, die Gesellschaft so zu transformieren, dass ihre Fokussierung auf Erwerbsarbeit und die Normierungen der leistungszentrierten Bildungsinstitutionen aufgegeben werden können.Uwe Becker analysiert umfänglich die Ausgrenzungsdynamiken, die Menschen in den Bildungsinstitutionen, in Arbeitslosigkeit und Armut - begleitet von politischer Diffamierung - erleiden. Er fordert eine Korrektur der ökonomisch gesteuerten, erwerbsarbeitszentrierten Gesellschaftslogik ein, ohne die Inklusion zum Desaster für Menschen mit Behinderungen, deren Angehörige, Pädagoginnen, Pädagogen und alle gutwilligen Akteure dieses Projekts zu werden droht.
Russian political–economic development since the early 1990s has been described as one of initial liberalization and subsequent re-etatization a decade later. Our paper critically builds upon this ...view, systematically adding patrimonialism as third dimension and conceptualizing Russia's trajectory as varying with respect to ideal–typical liberalism, statism and patrimonialism. We argue that Russian patrimonialism hindered the rise of the economically facilitating state capacity and undermined both liberalization in the 1990s and re-etatization in the 2000s.
Furthermore, we add a comparative BRICs perspective that clarifies the peculiarity of Russia's development based on statistical data from the World Bank, the OECD and Heritage Foundation. The data confirm the de-liberalization of Russia and show an increase of patrimonialism. Another finding is that Russia was the only BRIC country that de-liberalized and increased its level of patrimonialism in the period under consideration.
One of the major promises of quantum computing is the realization of SIMD (single instruction - multiple data) operations using the phenomenon of superposition. Since the dimension of the state space ...grows exponentially with the number of qubits, we can easily reach situations where we pay less than a single quantum gate per data point for data-processing instructions, which would be rather expensive in classical computing. Formulating such instructions in terms of quantum gates, however, still remains a challenging task. Laying out the foundational functions for more advanced data-processing is therefore a subject of paramount importance for advancing the realm of quantum computing. In this paper, we introduce the formalism of encoding so called-semi-boolean polynomials. As it turns out, arithmetic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mathbb {Z}/2^{n}\mathbb {Z} </tex-math></inline-formula> ring operations can be formulated as semi-boolean polynomial evaluations, which allows convenient generation of unsigned integer arithmetic quantum circuits. For arithmetic evaluations, the resulting algorithm has been known as Fourier-arithmetic. We extend this type of algorithm with additional features, such as ancilla-free in-place multiplication and integer coefficient polynomial evaluation. Furthermore, we introduce a tailor-made method for encoding signed integers succeeded by an encoding for arbitrary floating-point numbers. This representation of floating-point numbers and their processing can be applied to any quantum algorithm that performs unsigned modular integer arithmetic. We discuss some further performance enhancements of the semi boolean polynomial encoder and finally supply a complexity estimation. The application of our methods to a 32-bit unsigned integer multiplication demonstrated a 90% circuit depth reduction compared to carry-ripple approaches.
Die Aufnahme Tausender »Fremder« im Sommer 2015 wurde medial euphorisiert als »deutsches Wunder« beschrieben. Die Geflüchteten selbst tauchten in dieser Perspektive kaum auf. Dem Narrativ der ...»Willkommenskultur« folgte ein Wechselbad der Diskurse hin zum drohenden Staatsversagen, der Belastungsgrenze oder sexueller Übergriffe. Dabei ging es primär um die Befindlichkeit der Nation und der »Flüchtling« wurde zum Verursacher nationaler Bedrängnisse. Uwe Becker analysiert diese Diskurse und zeichnet nach, welche Narrative sich im »langen Sommer der Flucht« aufgebaut haben. Dabei zeigt er auf, wie sie im kollektiven Gedächtnis ruhen, jederzeit aktivierbar sind und bis heute eine restriktive Flüchtlingspolitik legitimieren.
In molecular double-slit experiments, the interference between emitted core electrons of diatomic molecules gives rise to oscillations in the observed electron intensity. Here, we explore this ...behaviour for photoelectrons emitted from CO and N2 by soft X-ray ionization in the molecular frame, and we argue that in addition to the undisturbed emission process, intramolecular scattering can lead to electron interference between the scattered and unscattered wave in two ways: two-centre interference between two spatially coherent emitters and one-centre self-interference. The latter is the signature of a loss of spatial coherence. The spatial scale over which the transition from two-centre to one-centre coherence occurs is the de Broglie wavelength of the scattered photoelectron in units of the bond length. These results highlight the fact that the molecular double slit is based on two independent uncertainty principles, DeltapxDeltax and DeltaEDeltat, the second of which causes ongoing tunnelling between the two centres, even after the collapse of the electron wavefunction in real space. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The literature on changing varieties of capitalism concentrates on the big economies, particularly the US, Japan and Germany. This important volume sheds light on the group of smaller European ...countries that share a high degree of corporatism - Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. Most of them have recently been praised as alter native models to the route exemplified by the US. The authors investigate the trajectories of these countries welfare systems, corporate governance, labour markets and industrial relations from about 1990 until the economic crisis in 2008. The volume also tracks their position in the processes of European integration and asks whether their particular brands of capitalism might be a viable candidate for the European socio-economic model.
Because of inversion symmetry and particle exchange, all constituents of homonuclear diatomic molecules are in a quantum mechanically non-local coherent state; this includes the nuclei and deep-lying ...core electrons. Hence, the molecular photoemission can be regarded as a natural double-slit experiment: coherent electron emission originates from two identical sites, and should give rise to characteristic interference patterns. However, the quantum coherence is obscured if the two possible symmetry states of the electronic wavefunction ('gerade' and 'ungerade') are degenerate; the sum of the two exactly resembles the distinguishable, incoherent emission from two localized core sites. Here we observe the coherence of core electrons in N(2) through a direct measurement of the interference exhibited in their emission. We also explore the gradual transition to a symmetry-broken system of localized electrons by comparing different isotope-substituted species--a phenomenon analogous to the acquisition of partial 'which-way' information in macroscopic double-slit experiments.
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