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•The functional beveragesare excellent delivering means for nutrients and bioactive molecules.•Use of medicinal and aromatic plants in the production of functional beverages has ...become increasingly popular due to specific content ofstructurally diverse bioactive molecules withnumerous confirmed healthbenefitsand specific sensory properties.•The quality of plant extracts and essential oils depends on quality of raw materials and applied extraction techniques.•Rising consumer demand for natural ingredients provides numerous opportunities for the fortification and development of new categories of functional beverages based on medicinal and aromatic plants.
The functional beverages (FBs) are an important segment of functional food products due to health benefits they provide and their appealing sensory characteristics, suitability and affordability. FBs market offers many opportunities for new product development (nutraceuticals, colorants, plant-based medicines and products) with desirable and effective composition ofnutrients and bioactive molecules (BAMs) aimed to deliver health benefits and improve human well-being. Recently, the use of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in the production of FBs has become increasingly popular due to specific content of nutrients (amino and fatty acids) and BAMs (volatile and non-volatile) attributed to the biological effects and health benefits. BAMs are stored in leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, barks and roots, and they mostly include phenolics (phenolic acids, flavonoids, tanins, anthocyanins, lignans and stilbenes), essential oils (EOs), terpenoids, alkaloids, phytosterols and saponins. The aromatic features of MAPs are mainly related to volatile compounds of EOs, but the presence of non-volatile compounds, such as phenolics, also contributes to the specific sensory properties. Phytochemical profiling of plant species containing specific and complex mixtures of BAMs, provides numerous opportunities for the development of new categories of FBs, but also opens new challenges in their isolation using conventional and advanced extraction techniques, as well as determination of potential biological effects. This review summarizes the categories of the most common FBs, BAMs from selected MAPs and their biological effects, extraction techniques suitable for production of plant extracts and EOs, product quality and prediction trends, and several directions towards future research on FBs development strategies.
Edible berries such as the fruits of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) are considered to be rich in phenolic compounds, which are nowadays ...attracting great interest due to their promising health benefits. The main objective of our study was to investigate, for the first time, their inhibitory properties on Src tyrosine kinase activity, as this enzyme plays an important role in multiple cellular processes and is activated in both cancer and inflammatory cells. In hydroethanolic fruit extracts, 5.0–5.9% of total polyphenols were determined spectrophotometrically, including high amounts of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. HPLC analysis revealed that the black chokeberry and bilberry extracts contained 2.05 mg/g and 2.54 mg/g of chlorogenic acid, respectively. Using a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay, the extracts studied were found to have comparable inhibitory effects on Src tyrosine kinase, with IC50 values of 366 µg/mL and 369 µg/mL, respectively. The results also indicated that chlorogenic acid contributes significantly to the observed effect. In addition, both fruit extracts exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH and NO radicals with SC50 values of 153–352 µg/mL. Our study suggested that black chokeberry and bilberry fruits may be beneficial in cancer and other inflammation-related diseases.
Since certain constituents are not naturally present in pure fruit juices, incorporating herbal extracts can provide specific sensory properties to the beverages and improve their biopotential. In ...our previous research, it was found that sage (
L.), wild thyme (
L.), and combinations of their extracts had the highest total phenolic content and a unique composition of volatile compounds, which can contribute to the aromatic and antioxidant qualities of functional products. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the potential of sage and wild thyme extracts, as well as their mixture (wild thyme:sage at 3:1,
/
), to enrich fruit juices (apple, pineapple, and orange). Obtained beverages were evaluated for sensory properties as well as phenolic and headspace composition (UPLC-MS/MS and HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis) and antioxidant capacity (ORAC assay). The incorporation of wild thyme extract in pineapple juice provided the most harmonious flavor and the highest content of volatile compounds (on PDMS/DVB fiber). The orange juice formulations were the most enriched with phenolic and volatile compounds (on DVB/CAR/PDMS fibers). The highest antioxidant capacity was observed in the formulation with orange juice and sage extract (22,925.39 ± 358.43 µM TE). This study demonstrated that enriching fruit juices with sage and wild thyme extracts could create functional beverages with improved sensory and health-promoting properties, providing valuable insights for the food and beverage industry to meet the growing demand of health-conscious consumers for natural and functional products.
Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and type of drug therapy problems (DTPs) in older institutionalized adults.
Method
We conducted a cross-sectional observational study ...from February to June 2016 at a 150-bed public nursing home in Croatia, where comprehensive medication management (CMM) services were provided. A rational decision-making process, referred to as the Pharmacotherapy Workup method, was used to classify DTPs.
Results
Data were prospectively collected from 73 residents, among which 71% were age 75 years or older. The median number of prescribed medications per patient was 7 (2–16) and polypharmacy (> 4) was recorded for 54 (74.0%) patients. A total 313 DTPs were identified, with an average of 4.3 ± 2 DTPs per patient. The most frequent DTP was needing additional drug therapy (n = 118; 37.7%), followed by adverse drug reaction (n = 55; 17.6%). Lactulose (14.4%), tramadol (6.7%), and potassium (6.4%) were the medications most frequently related to DTPs.
Conclusion
The high prevalence of DTPs identified among older institutionalized adults strongly suggests the need to incorporate new pharmacist-led CMM services within existing institutional care facilities, to improve the care provided to nursing home residents.
•Myricitrin decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation and increased GSH and CYP2E1 level.•Myricitrin reduced COX-2 and TNF-α overexpression and inflammation in the liver.•Myricitrin inhibited hepatic ...expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA and liver fibrosis.•Myricitrin increased PCNA expression in regenerating liver tissue.
Myricetin-3-O-α-rhamnoside (myricitrin) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound which possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to determine the hepatoprotective effects of myricitrin. Myricitrin at doses of 10, 30 and 100mg/kg and silymarin at dose of 100mg/kg were administered to BALB/cN mice by oral gavage, once daily for two consecutive days following carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxication. Myricitrin significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced increase in serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and histopathological changes in the liver. Hepatic oxidative stress was reduced by myricitrin, as evidenced by the decrease in lipid peroxidation, with concomitant increase in glutathione (GSH) level and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression. In addition, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) overexpression in the liver was reduced, suggesting the suppression of inflammation. The expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was markedly ameliorated, indicating the inhibition of profibrotic response. Myricitrin also improved the regeneration of hepatic tissue after CCl4-intoxication, as evidenced by increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The results of the current study suggest that myricitrin exhibits a significant hepatoprotective activity. Myricitrin provided better hepatoprotection when compared to silymarin, which is consistent with its higher in vitro antioxidant potential.
Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) is an herbaceous plant, which can be found in the arid steppes of South Africa, particularly in the Kalahari Desert. As traditional medicine, devil's claw has ...been long used in the forms of infusions, decoctions, tinctures, powders, and extracts. The main compounds of devil's claw are iridoid glycosides, such as harpagoside, harpagide, and procumbide, which are present in the plant tubers. Additionally, chemical constituents such as sugars (mainly the tetrasaccharide stachyose), triterpenoids (oleanolic and ursolic acid), phytosterols (primarily β‐sitosterol), aromatic acids (caffeic, cinnamic, and chlorogenic acids), and flavonoids (luteolin and kaempferol) can be found in the plant.
In order to investigate the applicative potential of devil's claw as therapeutic agent, we performed a review by focusing on its potential role in managing inflammation‐ and oxidative stress‐related diseases, including arthritis, osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, low‐back pain, diabetes, and neurodegeneration.
Devil's Claw is a traditional medicine that has been long used a wide range of health conditions, including indigestion, fever, allergic reactions, and rheumatism. The main compounds are iridoid glycosides, including harpagoside, harpagide, and procumbide. However, harpagoside is the most responsible for therapeutic activity, and its content is used as reference standard. Here, we analyzed and summarized preclinical and clinical studies focusing on therapeutic efficacy of devil's claw preparations in pathological conditions in which inflammation plays a key causative role.
Phlomis fruticosa L. and P. herba‐venti are species belonging to the Lamiaceae family, which have been traditionally used to prepare tonic and digestive drinks. Multiple studies also demonstrated the ...inhibitory effects of P. fruticosa extracts and essential oil against oxidative/proinflammatory pathways and bacterial strains deeply involved in ulcerative colitis. Considering these findings, the present study evaluated the effects of alcoholic P. fruticosa and P. herba‐venti leaf extracts in isolated rat colon challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an ex vivo experimental paradigm of ulcerative colitis. In this context, we assayed colon levels of pro‐oxidant and proinflammatory biomarkers, including nitrites, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serotonin (5‐HT). Additionally, the extracts have been tested in order to evaluate possible inhibitory effects on specific bacterial and fungal strains involved in ulcerative colitis. Alcoholic P. fruticosa and P. herba‐venti extracts were able to blunt LPS‐induced nitrite, MDA, 5‐HT, and LDH levels in isolated rat colon. The same extracts also inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. In conclusion, our findings show a potential role exerted by alcoholic P. fruticosa and P. herba‐venti in managing the clinical symptoms related to ulcerative colitis.
We evaluated antioxidant/anti‐inflammatory effects of alcoholic P. fruticosa and P. herba‐venti leaf extracts in isolated rat colon challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also investigated the inhibitory effects of P. fruticosa and P. herba‐venti extracts on specific bacterial and fungi strains involved in ulcerative colitis. P. fruticosa and P. herba‐venti extracts were able to blunt LPS‐induced colon nitrite, MDA, 5‐HT, and LDH level and to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, and C. tropicalis.
•First report on chemical composition of Lavandula × intermedia ‘Budrovka’ essential oil.•Determined great similarities relating to composition of L. angustifolia essential oil.•Antimicrobial ...activity evaluated against 30 pathogens and spoilage bacteria and fungi.•Antibacterial and antifungal properties associated to linalool and linalyl acetate.
In the search for new natural resources with promising biological activity, chemical composition as well as antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the essential oil from Croatian indigenous cultivar of lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia‘Budrovka’) were studied for the first time and compared with those of lavender (L. angustifolia) cultivated under the same pedo-climatic conditions of central Croatia. Forty compounds were identified in the studied Lavandula essential oils by GC–MS analysis. Linalool (57.1%), linalyl acetate (9.8%) and 1,8-cineole (8.4%) were the most abundant compounds of lavandin ‘Budrovka’ oil while lavender oil contained mainly linalool (54.0%), linalyl acetate (11.6%) and lavandulol (6.6%). Both essential oils were characterized by a very low amount of camphor (≤0.3%). The antimicrobial activities of two Lavandula essential oils and their dominant constituents were evaluated against 30 medically important pathogens and microbial contaminants of food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products using agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods. L. × intermedia ‘Budrovka’ essential oil showed a broad-spectrum of antibacterial (MICs 0.25–2.5 mg/mL) and antifungal (MICs 0.1–2 mg/mL) activities, being generally more than or at least as effective as those from L. angustifolia. Among the two dominant compounds which were also tested comparatively and found to exhibit antimicrobial effect, linalool has been pointed out as much more potent agent then linalyl acetate. Antioxidant studies based on DPPH assay indicated that the lavandin ‘Budrovka’ essential oil has significantly stronger antioxidant properties than lavender essential oil (IC50 21.6 mg/mL and 27.7 mg/mL, respectively). This study highlighted Croatian indigenous cultivar lavandin ‘Budrovka’ as a rich source of essential oil with pronounced antimicrobial properties due to abundance of linalool and indicated its potential use as biopreservative in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products or as natural remedy with promising health benefit.
Natural products are increasingly in demand in dermatology and cosmetology. In the present study, highly valuable supercritical CO2 (sCO2) extracts rich in bioactive compounds with antiradical and ...antibacterial activity were obtained from the inflorescences of industrial hemp. Volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while cannabinoids were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). Extraction yields varied from 0.75 to 8.83%, depending on the pressure and temperature applied. The extract obtained at 320 bar and 40 °C with the highest content (305.8 µg mg−1) of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) showed the best antiradical properties. All tested extract concentrations from 10.42 µg mL−1 to 66.03 µg mL−1 possessed inhibitory activities against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. aureus. The sCO2 extract with the highest content of cannabidiol (CBD) and rich in α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, and limonene was the most effective. The optimal conditions for sCO2 extraction of cannabinoids and volatile terpenes from industrial hemp were determined. The temperature of 60 °C proved to be optimal for all responses studied, while the pressure showed a different effect depending on the compounds targeted. A low pressure of 131.2 bar was optimal for the extraction of monoterpenes, while extracts rich in sesquiterpenes were obtained at 319.7 bar. A high pressure of 284.78 bar was optimal for the extraction of CBD.
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