Background/Aim. A frequently reported phenomenon associated with impacted maxillary canines is root resorption (RR) of the adjacent teeth. The reported incidence of RR also depends on the ...radiographic imaging method used. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between two radiographic methods: panoramic imaging (orthopantomogram ? OPT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), in diagnosing contact between the impacted canine with the adjacent teeth and the existence of their resorption. Methods. The study included 64 subjects aged 12 to 33 years, with 80 impacted maxillary canines not orthodontically treated previously. Positions of impacted maxillary ca-nines and possible RR of adjacent teeth were firstly estimated on the OPT and then on the CBCT. Results. The estimated prevalence of RR of permanent teeth was significantly different concerning the estimation of OPT and CBCT imaging. RR of the adjacent teeth was found in 25% of the OPT but i n 6 6.25% of the CBCT. The lateral incisor was the tooth most commonly affected by RR. It is especially important to emphasize that premolar resorption was not detected at all using OPT. Conclusion. There was a highly significant difference between OPT and CBCT analysis concerning the relationship between the impacted canine and adjacent teeth and their possible resorptions. CBCT is a more accurate and precise examination method compared to OPT for determining the localization of impacted teeth and the possible presence of RR in the adjacent teeth.
Background/Aim. Analyses of the cephalometric value of profile radiographs are very important for orthodontic diagnosis and planning of therapy. These values differ morphologically depending on ...ethnic and racial affiliation. The aim of this study was to confirm variations of cephalometric norms and the extent of their value and, according to them, confirm the harmony concept of craniofacial morphology among the young Serbian population in Kosovo and Metohija. Methods. This retrospective study comprised 183 profile radiograms of patients from Kosovo and Metohija, Serbia, aged 8?33, from which Class I was ascertained among 82 patients (53 female and 29 male). Five cephalometric angles were measured and analyzed. Pearson?s correlation coefficient was used to define the strength of correlation between the five variables. Bivariable linear regression was used to form harmonious combinations of individual values in the insight of craniofacial harmonious form. Multiple regression and standard error were used to form a harmonious schema. Results. Linear regression equations were used to define cephalometric floating norms. They helped us form a harmonious box and harmonious schema of craniofacial norms of the participants. The ex-tent of harmonious value for orthognathic profile of our examinees varies for sella nasion subspinale (SNA) angle from 78? to 81?, for sella nasion supramentale (SNB) angle from 75.1? to 78.1?, for maxillary line ? nasion sella line (NL-NSL) angle from 11.5? to 5.5?, for nasion sella basion (NSBa) angle from 134.7? to 125.8?, and for mandibulary line ? nasion sella line (ML-NSL) angle from 40.5? to 30.6?. Conclusion. Cephalometric floating norms that describe the individual craniofacial pattern among the young Serbian population in Kosovo and Metohija, determined and defined by five cephalometric variables, and presented in the form of a harmonious box and harmonious schema and can accurately determine the craniofacial pattern.
Background/Aim. Many authors find that impacted maxillary canines is associated with missing and peg-shaped lateral incisor. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of peg-shaped and ...missing lateral incisor in subjects with impacted maxillary canines, and compare the size of maxillary lateral incisor on the side with palatally impacted canines and on the opposite side of the jaw where there is no impaction. Methods. The study included 64 patients with 80 impacted maxillary canines (23 males and 41 females, mean age 16.3). For each maxillary unerupted canine, precisely correct localization and classification into groups was done. We analyzed the morphology of the lateral incisor (normal, atypical) and frequency of missing of lateral maxillary incisors with canine impaction. Then, from the mentioned examinees sample with the maxillary canine teeth, a subgroup was formed. The criteria for selection were those with unilateral palatally impacted canines (33 subjects, 22 females and 11 males, mean age 17.8 years). The linear variables of the maxillary lateral incisor were measured by using digital measurements tools. The t-test was used to test the differences between the groups. Results. Normal morphology of the lateral incisors was found in 72% of the subjects with the impacted canines, 11.2% of the subjects had the peg-shaped lateral incisors, 6% had a bilateral and 4% had unilateral deficiency of lateral incisors. In the subgroup of the patients with unilateral palatal impaction, the middle value of the length of the lateral incisors was 1.9 mm shorter and the middle value of the width of the lateral incisors was smaller by 0.9 mm when comparing to the control group. Conclusion. The frequency of the deficiency of lateral incisors was statistically significantly higher in the group with palatal canine impaction. The maxillary lateral incisors on the side with palatally impacted canines were smaller than those on the side where there was no impaction.
nema
Introduction. Head posture in relation to the cervical spine is correlated with the morphology of the face and jaw, the position and the mutual relationship of the maxilla and mandible, their length ...and inclination. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the head posture and parameters of the sagittal position and length of the jaws. Material and Methods. The study included 90 subjects (30 for I, II and II skeletal class each) between the ages of 8 and 14 years, who were examined at the Department of Dentistry of Vojvodina inNovi Sad. Each subject had the lateral cephalogram made, and the analysis was performed by means of the computer program "Onyx Ceph." The following parameters were analyzed: craniocervical angle, angle of maxillary prognathism, angle of mandibulary prognathism, the difference angles of maxillary and mandibulary prognathism, length of maxillae, and length of mandible. Results. The angle of maxillary prognathism was in positive correlation with the craniocervical angle in the patients with class I and II, and they were negatively correlated in the patients with class III. The angle of mandibulary prognathism was in positive correlation with the craniocervical angle in the patients with class I and III, but they were negatively correlated in the patients with class II. The patients with class II had a statistically significant positive correlation between the craniocervical angle and length of the maxilla, and a significant, but negative correlation between the craniocervical angle and length of the mandible. Conclusion. Increased extension of the head in relation to the cervical spine can be a contributing factor to the formation of class II malocclusion. Key words: Head; Posture; Jaw, Child; Adolescent Prognathism; Malocclusion; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Cephalometry Uvod. Polozaj glave u odnosu na vratnu kicmu dovodi se u vezu sa morfologijom lica i vilica, polozajem i medusobnim odnosom maksile i mandibule, njihovom duzinom i inklinacijom. Cilj ovog istrazivanja jeste da se analizira povezanost polozaja glave i parametara sagitalnog polozaja i duzine vilica. Materijal i metode. Ispitivanjem je obuhvaceno 90 ispitanika (po 30 za I, II i III skeletnu klasu) starosti 8-14 godina, koji su bili pregledani na Klinici za stomatologiju Vojvodine u Novom Sadu. Za svakog ispitanika napravljen je profilni telerendgenski snimak i uradena analiza primenom kompjuterskog programa Onix Ceph. Analizirani su sledeci parametri: kraniocervikalni ugao, ugao maksilarnog prognatizma, mandibularnog prognatizma, razlika uglova maksilarnog mandibularnog prognatizma, duzina maksile i duzina mandibule. Rezultati. Ugao maksilarnog prognatizma je u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa kraniocervikalnim uglom kod ispitanika sa I i II, a u negativnoj kod ispitanika sa III klasom. Ugao mandibularnog prognatizma je u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa kraniocervikalnim uglom kod ispitanika sa I i III klasom, a u negativnoj kod ispitanika sa II klasom. Kod ispitanika sa II klasom postoji statisticki znacajna pozitivna korelacija kraniocervikalnog ugla i duzine maksile i znacajna, ali negativna, korelacija kraniocervikalnog ugla i duzine mandubule. Zakljucak. Povecana ekstenzija glave u odnosu na vratnu kicmu moze biti faktor koji doprinosi nastanku malokluzija II klase. Kljucne reci: glava; polozaj; vilica; dete; adolescent; prognatizam; malokluzija; kompjuterska obrada slike; cefalometrija
Background/Aim. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease that occur in the tissues surrounding the teeth in response to bacterial biofilm accumulation (dental plaque). Among others, Tannerela ...forsythia (Tf) was recognized as one of the most significant and specific bacterial species in periodontal pocket (?red complex? bacteria). Atherosclerosis is a progressive narrowing of arteries that may lead to occlusion, as a consequence of lipid deposition. It underlies coronary heart disease (80%), as well as myocardial and cerebral infarctions. Increasing evidence over the past decade suggests a link between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis, where Tf can enter the systemic circulation directly or indirectly, and be present in atherosclerotic blood vessels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect the presence of Tf in atheromatous plaques obtained from different blood vessels in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods. Ninety patients (male 61, female 29) with periodontal disease and atherosclerosis recruited for either carotid artery stenosis requiring endartectomy or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were included in this study. Clinical periodontal examinations consisted of plaque index (PI) (according to Silness L?u), gingival index (GI) (according to L?e Silnes), sulcus bleeding index (according to M?hleman-Son) and periodontal probing depth (PPD). Presence of Tf in periodontal pockets and atherosclerotic vessels was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with positive control Tf ATCC 43037. Results. Tf was present in subgingival plaques of 68 (75.6%) of the patients, while its presence in atheromatous plaques were registered in 42 (53.3%) of the patients. It was significantly present in coronary blood vessels (41.7%), followed by carotid arteries (35.4%) and a. abdominalis aneurism (12.5%), a. mamaria (8.5%) and a. femoralis (2.1%) while in a. iliaca Tf was not detected at all. Conclusion. The present study suggests strong relationship between periodontal inflammation and atherogenesis; therefore, it should be considered as potential risk factor for atherosclerosis. Accordingly, it would be necessary to control periodontal disease in order to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with atherosclerosis.
nema
Background/Aim. Nasal breathing plays an important role in overall physical growth and mental development, as well as in the growth of the craniofacial complex. Oral breathing over a long period of ...time, can cause changes in position of the head relative to the cervical spine and jaw relationship. It can cause an open bite and the narrowness of the maxillary arch due to increased pressure of strained face. The aim of this study was to analyze the position of the head and craniofacial morphology in oral breathing children, and compare the values obtained compared with those of the same parameters in nasal brething children. Methods. We analyzed the profile cephalometric radiographs of 60 patients who had various orthodontic problems. In the first group there were 30 patients aged 8?14 years, in which oral breathing is confirmed by clinical examination. In the second group there were 30 patients of the same age who had orthodontic problems, but did not show clinical signs of oral breathing. The analyses covered the following: craniocervical angle (NS/OPT), the length of the anterior cranial base (NS), anterior facial height (N-Me), posterior facial height (S-Go), the angle of maxillary prognathism (SNA), angle of mandibular prognathism (SNB), difference between angles SNA and SNB (ANB angle), the angle of the basal planes of the jaws (SpP/MP), cranial base angle (NSB), and the angle of facial convexity (NA/Apg). Results. The average value of the craniocervical angle (NS/OPT) was significantly higher in OB children (p = 0.004). There were significantly different values of SNA (p < 0.001), ANB (p < 0.001), NA/APg (p < 0.001) and length of the anterior cranial base (NS) (p = 0.024) between groups. Conclusion. Oral breathing children have pronounced retroflexion of the head in relation to the cervical spine compared to nasal breathing children, and the most prominent characteristics of the craniofacial morphology of skeletal jaw relationship of class II and increased facial convexity.
nema
Background/Aim. There is little information, about the difference in cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), between juveniles (children) and ...young adults (adults). The aim of this study was to examine the levels of interleukins IL-1? and IL- 6 in GCF of these two age groups during the acute phase of OTM. Methods. The subjects, 10 children and 10 adults, underwent OTM of a single tooth, with an untreated antagonistic tooth used as the control group. GCF was sampled from both the control and treatment sites right before the beginning (the baseline) and 24 h, 72 h and 168 h upon initiation of OTM. Cytokine levels were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The levels of both GCF IL-1? and IL-6 showed a bimodal peak during early phase of OTM, at 24 h and 168 h, in both age groups. As the statistic has shown, the increase in IL-1? levels was more prominent after 168 h in treated teeth of children, compared to both children?s control teeth and treated teeth of adults, whilst the GCF IL-6 levels in the same group increased significantly after 24 h, as well as after 168 h, approximately 70 and 55 fold, respectively. In the same time periods the increase of IL-6 levels in GCF of adults was notably lesser, averaging approximately 5 and 10 fold, respectively, compared to the control teeth. In addition, the amount of tooth movement was statistically larger for children than for adults 168 hours upon the initiation of OTM. Conclusion. GCF IL-1? and IL-6 were increasingly expressed during initial phase of OTM in both children and adults. However, excretory response of cytokines in children?s GCF, especially the concentration of IL-6, was at a significantly higher level than that of adults?, which accords to the finding that the initial OTM is faster in children.
nema
Head posture in relation to the cervical spine is correlated with the morphology of the face and jaw, the position and the mutual relationship of the maxilla and mandible, their length and ...inclination. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the head posture and parameters of the sagittal position and length of the jaws.
The study included 90 subjects (30 for I, II and II skeletal class each) between the ages of 8 and 14 years, who were examined at the Department of Dentistry of Vojvodina inNovi Sad. Each subject had the lateral cephalogram made, and the analysis was performed by means of the computer program "Onyx Ceph." The following parameters were analyzed: craniocervical angle, angle of maxillary prognathism, angle of mandibulary prognathism, the difference angles of maxillary and mandibulary prognathism, length of maxillae, and length of mandible.
The angle of maxillary prognathism was in positive correlation with the craniocervical angle in the patients with class I and II, and they were negatively correlated in the patients with class III. The angle of mandibulary prognathism was in positive correlation with the craniocervical angle in the patients with class I and III, but they were negatively correlated in the patients with class II. The patients wi th class II had a statistically significant positive correlation between the craniocervical angle and length of the maxilla, and a significant, but negative correlation between the craniocervical angle and length of the mandible.
Increased extension of the head in relation to the cervical spine can be a contributing factor to the formation of class II malocclusion.
Full impaction of canines, in both jaws, is a rare phenomenon. It is usually coupled with the persistence of deciduous canines, or any other irregularity in the dental arch.
Panoramic radiograph of a ...24-year-old female patient showed bilateral canine impaction in both jaws. Due to vestibular, apical and medial position of canines in the upper jaw, the surgical approach implied the apically positioned flap technique. The position of impacted mandibular canines was vertical with more coronal position relative to the upper canines, thus requiring a closed eruption technique.
Inadequate position of impacted canines in the bone fully justifies the use of orthodontic-surgical treatment.
PDF
