Quarkonium production in high-energy proton (deuteron)–nucleus collisions is investigated in the color glass condensate framework. We employ the color evaporation model assuming that the quark pair ...produced from dense small-x gluons in the nuclear target bounds into a quarkonium outside the target. The unintegrated gluon distribution at small Bjorken x in the nuclear target is treated with the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation with running coupling corrections. For the gluons in the proton, we examine two possible descriptions, unintegrated gluon distribution and ordinary collinear gluon distribution. We present the transverse momentum spectrum and nuclear modification factor for J/ψ production at RHIC and LHC energies, and those for ϒ(1S) at LHC energy, and discuss the nuclear modification factor and the momentum broadening by changing the rapidity and the initial saturation scale.
We study open heavy flavor meson production in proton–nucleus (pA) collisions at RHIC and LHC energies within the Color Glass Condensate framework. We use the unintegrated gluon distribution at small ...Bjorkenʼs x in the proton obtained by solving the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation with running coupling correction and constrained by global fitting of HERA data. We change the initial saturation scale of the gluon distribution for the heavy nucleus. The gluon distribution with McLerran–Venugopalan model initial condition is also used for comparison. We present transverse momentum spectra of single D and B productions in pA collisions, and the so-called nuclear modification factor. The azimuthal angle correlation of open heavy flavor meson pair is also computed to study the modification due to the gluon saturation in the heavy nucleus at the LHC.
A
bstract
For studying small-
x
gluon saturation in forward dijet production in high-energy dilute-dense collisions, the improved TMD (ITMD) factorization formula was recently proposed. In the Color ...Glass Condensate (CGC) framework, it represents the leading term of an expansion in inverse powers of the hard scale. It contains the leading-twist TMD factorization formula relevant for small gluon’s transverse momentum
k
t
, but also incorporates an all-order resummation of kinematical twists, resulting in a proper matching to high-energy factorization at large
k
t
. In this paper, we evaluate the accuracy of the ITMD formula quantitatively, for the case of quark dijet production in high-energy proton-proton(
p
+
p
) and proton-nucleus (
p
+
A
) collisions at LHC energies. We do so by comparing the quark-antiquark azimuthal angle ∆
ϕ
distribution to that obtained with the CGC formula. For a dijet with each quark momentum
p
t
much larger than the target saturation scale,
Q
s
, the ITMD formula is a good approximation to the CGC formula in a wide range of azimuthal angle. It becomes less accurate as the jet
p
t
’s are lowered, as expected, due to the presence of genuine higher-twists contributions in the CGC framework, which represent multi-body scattering effects absent in the ITMD formula. We find that, as the hard jet momenta are lowered, the accuracy of ITMD start by deteriorating at small angles, in the high-energy-factorization regime, while in the TMD regime near ∆
ϕ
=
π
, very low values of
p
t
are needed to see differences between the CGC and the ITMD formula. In addition, the genuine twists corrections to ITMD become visible for higher values of
p
t
in
p
+
A
collisions, compared to
p
+
p
collisions, signaling that they are enhanced by the target saturation scale.
A
bstract
Results are presented for the medium-induced, soft coherent radiation spectrum for all 2 → 2 partonic channels in QCD, at leading-order in
α
s
but beyond leading logarithmic accuracy. The ...general formula is valid in the full kinematic range of the underlying process, and reduces to previous results in special cases. The soft gluon radiation spectrum is expressed in terms of the
color density matrix
specific to each channel, quantifying the entanglement between the color components of the 2 → 2 production amplitude. Beyond the leading logarithm, the spectrum depends explicitly on the off-diagonal elements of this matrix, owing to the soft gluon’s ability to probe the internal color structure of the parton pair.
A C–H sulfonylation of N-protected 3-bis-sulfonimidoindole derivatives via a 1,3-rearrangement of a sulfonyl group on a bis-sulfonimide moiety using tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) was ...developed to provide 2-sulfonyl-3-sulfonamidoindole derivatives in high yields as a novel Csp2–H functionalization of heterocycles. The rearrangement of the sulfonyl group proceeded through an intermolecular addition of the desorbed sulfinyl ion from the bis-sulfonimide moiety in the substrate.
Although sedentary behavior is associated with the onset of major depressive disorder, it remains unclear whether sedentary behavior at work increases the risk of depression. The present study used ...the Bayesian approach to investigate the association between sitting time at work and the onset of major depressive episode (MDE).
A 1-year prospective cohort study was conducted among 233 Japanese workers without MDE (response rate: 4.3%). MDE onset was assessed using the self-reported WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0. A Bayesian Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) between long sitting time at work and MDE onset.
A total of 231 workers were included in the analysis. During the follow-up, 1621 person-months were observed, and six participants experienced MDE onset. Incident rates per months were 0.34, 0.11, and 1.02% in short (< 7.2 h per day), medium (7.2-9.5 h), and long (9.5+ h) sitting time at work, respectively. The estimated median posterior probability distribution of the HR of long sitting time was 3.00 (95% highest density interval HDI: 0.73-12.03). The estimated median remained positive after adjustment for physical activity level and other covariates (HR = 2.11, 95% HDI: 0.42-10.22). The 10-base Bayesian factor for H1 (HR = 1.00) compared with the alternatives (H0, HR = 1.00) was 0.68 in the adjusted model. The analysis, which treated sitting time at work as a continuous variable, estimated that the median of the posterior probability distribution of the HR of sitting time was 0.79 (95% HDI: 0.58-1.07. The 10-base Bayesian factor was 2.73 in the linear association.
Long sitting time at work (9.5+ h per day) might be associated with MDE onset among workers. However, the linear association indicated conflicting results. Non-linear associations between sitting time and MDE onset might explain this inconsistency. The evidence for an adverse association between sitting time at work and MDE onset remains inconclusive.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine whether working beyond the standard working hours was associated with a greater risk of depressive disorder among workers included in ...published prospective studies. This manuscript was prepared according to the PRISMA guideline checklist. A database search was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES using a relevant set of keywords. The eligibility criteria were as follows: (1) participants were adult workers; (2) exposure was defined as overtime work; (3) outcome were depressive disorders clinically diagnosed or assessed by a structured interview and (4) the study design was prospective or cohort. 7 studies were identified in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Overtime work was associated with a small, non-significant, elevated risk of depressive disorder (pooled relative risk=1.075; 95% CI 0.834 to 1.387; p=0.575) in a random effects model. The association tended to be greater for women. The risk of working 50 or more hours per week was slightly but not significantly increased (pooled relative risk=1.241; 95% CI 0.880 to 1.750; p=0.218). The effect of overtime work on depressive disorder remains inconclusive and may be small if not negligible. Sex differences and the effect of longer working hours on depressive disorder should be addressed in the future.Trial registration numberProspero CRD42015020003; Results.
The aim of the study was to investigate test-retest reliability and construct validity of the World Mental Health Japan (WMHJ) version of World Health Organization Health and Performance ...Questionnaire (WHO-HPQ) short version according the COSMIN standard. We conducted two consecutive surveys of 102 full-time employees recruited through an Internet survey company in Japan, with a two-week interval in 2018. We calculated Pearson’s correlation (r) of measures of the WHO-HPQ with other presenteeism scales (Stanford Presenteeism Scale, Work Functioning Impairment Scale, and perceived relative presenteeism), health and psychosocial job conditions. We tested the test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation, ICC) among those who reported no change of job performance during the follow-up. Among 92 (90%) respondents, the absolute presenteeism significantly correlated with WFun and perceived relative presenteeism (r=−0.341 and −0.343, respectively, p=0.001) and psychological distress (r=−0.247, p=0.018). The absolute/relative absenteeism did not significantly correlate with the other covariates. The test-retest reliability over a two-week period was high for the WHO-HPQ absolute presenteeism (ICC, 0.73), while those for absolute/relative absenteeism measures were moderate. The study found an adequate level of test-retest reliability, but limited support for the construct validity of the absolute presenteeism measure of the WMHJ version of the WHO-HPQ. Further research is needed to investigate the construct validity of the WHO-HPQ measures in a larger sample.
We study single lepton production from semileptonic decays of heavy flavor hadrons (D,B→l) in pp and pA collisions at RHIC and the LHC within the saturation/Color-Glass-Condensate (CGC) framework. ...Using the gluon distribution function obtained with the dipole amplitude, whose energy dependence is described by the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation with running coupling effect, we compute the transverse-momentum (p⊥) spectra of the lepton yields at mid and forward rapidities. We find that a large fraction of leptons at low p⊥ stems from the saturation regime of the incoming gluons in the target, especially in pA collisions at the LHC. The resultant p⊥ spectra is slightly harder than the data, but the nuclear modification factor seems consistent with the data within some uncertainty. We also update the nuclear modification factors for J/ψ and D meson at the LHC energy.
Most studies report a positive relationship of work engagement with health and job performance, but, occasionally, a "dark side of engagement" has also been uncovered. The current study examined two ...hypotheses: whether work engagement has (1) a U-shaped curvilinear relation with psychological distress and (2) an inverted U-shaped curvilinear relation with job performance (i.e., in-role performance and creative behavior). A two-wave longitudinal Internet survey with a time lag of seven months was conducted among 1,967 Japanese employees. To test our hypotheses, we used a two-wave panel design and examined the lagged and concurrent relations between work engagement and both outcomes. The results confirmed that work engagement had a curvilinear relation with psychological distress concurrently; a favorable effect was found initially, but this disappeared at intermediate levels of work engagement, and, at higher levels, an adverse effect became prominent. In addition, work engagement had a curvilinear relation with in-role performance both concurrently and longitudinally; the higher the levels of work engagement, the stronger the favorable effects on in-role performance. However, contrary to our expectations, work engagement had a linear relation with psychological distress longitudinally and with creative behavior both concurrently and longitudinally. Hence, our results suggest that work engagement plays a different role in health enhancement compared to performance enhancement. Leveling-off and adverse effects of high work engagement were observed for psychological distress in the short and not in a long run. In contrast, no leveling-off effect of high work engagement was observed for job performance. Thus, except for the short-term effect on psychological distress, no dark side of work engagement was observed for psychological distress and job performance.
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