Large-scale real-time crash prediction is critical to traffic operation and management, but very challenging, even for machine learning models because the observation data are not independent and ...identically distributed (non-IID) due to its spatial heterogeneity. Data discontinuity, computational inefficiency, and higher false alarm rates are some other challenges in real-world and real-time crash prediction. To address these issues, we propose a generic framework, which blends spatial ensemble learning and knowledge distillation. Spatial ensemble learning leverages individual segment-level modeling to alleviate the non-IID issue for more accurate crash prediction, while knowledge distillation reduces the model size and improves false alarm rate. We justify the effectiveness of the proposed method using real-world and real-time scenario and comparing the results with the up-to-date benchmark models. Our method successfully improves sensitivity and false alarm rate to 90.35% and 24.21%. With this more accurate prediction model, we analyze the prediction variability across this region. We found that: 1) across segments, false alarm rate exhibits more heterogenous pattern than sensitivity; 2) rear-end crashes are more accurately predicted compared to sideswipe/angle crashes; 3) urban segments show better prediction performance compared to rural segments. 4) developing models with desired accuracy requires special attention in higher traffic fluctuation segments. These observations are very useful to develop more accurate prediction model and traffic safety decision making. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the pioneering studies to integrate spatial ensemble learning and knowledge distillation to predict large-scale real-time crashes and apply it to analyze crash prediction variability.
Novel and effective radiosensitizers that can enhance radiosensitivity of tumor tissues and increase the local radiation dose are highly desirable. In this work, templated by bovine serum albumin ...(BSA), Bi2Se3–MnO2 nanocomposites (Bi2Se3–MnO2@BSA) were fabricated via biomineralization, while Bi2Se3 nanodots act as radiosensitizers to increase the local radiation dosage because of their strong X-ray attenuation ability, and MnO2 with catalase-like activity can increase the oxygen concentration in tumors by triggering the decomposition of tumor endogenous H2O2 so as to improve the hypoxia-associated radioresistance of tumors. Owing to the interaction of the two components in the interface, Bi2Se3–MnO2@BSA showed promoted catalytic activity compared to MnO2@BSA, favoring tumor radiotherapy (RT) sensitization. BSA templating enabled the nanocomposites with high colloidal stability and biocompatibility as well as satisfactory tumor targeting both in vitro and in vivo; thus, an enhanced RT efficacy was obtained. Moreover, the proposed Bi2Se3–MnO2@BSA exhibited excellent performances in computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Thus, this work provides a tumor microenvironment-responsive multifunctional theranostic nanoagent with an improved performance for imaging-guided tumor RT sensitization.
The coupling of the localized surface plasma resonance (LSPR) between noble metals of Au, Ag and Cu and semiconductors of Cu2−xE (E = S, Se, Te) opens new regime to design photothermal (PT) agents ...with enhanced PT conversion efficiency. However, it is rarely explored on fabricating of engineered dual plasmonic hybrid nanosystem for combinatory therapeutic-diagnostic applications. Herein, rattle-type Au@Cu2−xS hollow mesoporous nanoparitcles with advanced PT conversion efficiency are designed for cellular vehicles and chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy platform. The LSPR coupling between the Au core and Cu2−xS shell are investigated experimentally and theoretically to generate a PT conversion efficiency high to 35.2% and enhanced by 11.3% than that of Cu2−xS. By conjugating microRNA (miRNA) gene probe on the surface, it can realize the intracellular oncogenic miRNA detection. After loading of anticancer drug doxorubicin into the cavity of the Au@Cu2−xS, the antitumor therapy efficacy is greatly enhanced in vitro and in vivo due to the NIR photoactivation chemo- and photothermal synergistic therapy. The rattle-type metal-semiconductor hollow mesoporous nanostructure with efficient LSPR coupling and high cargo loading capability will be beneficial to future design of LSPR-based photothermal agents for a broad range of biomedical application.
ZrO2–Cu-based catalysts are active in catalyzing the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. Herein, we report Cu facet effects on the catalytic performance of ZrO2/Cu inverse catalysts in CO2 ...hydrogenation to methanol using various Cu nanocrystals with well-defined Cu morphologies and facets. The ZrO2–Cu interface is the active site, in which the ZrO2–Cu{100} and ZrO2–Cu{110} interfaces exhibit similar apparent activation energies of ∼42.6 kJ/mol, smaller than that of the ZrO2–Cu{111} interface (∼64.5 kJ/mol). Temporal in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy characterization results identify the bridge formate hydrogenation as the rate-determining elementary surface reaction under typical reaction temperatures, whose activation energy is similar at the ZrO2–Cu{100} (∼36.3 kJ/mol) and ZrO2–Cu{110} (∼40.5 kJ/mol) interfaces and larger at the ZrO2–Cu{111} interface (∼54.5 kJ/mol). This fundamental understanding suggests Cu facet engineering as a promising strategy to improve the catalytic performance of ZrO2/Cu inverse catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.
After the low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet has gone through the two stages of competing with the terrestrial network and supplementing the terrestrial network, it has begun to enter the third ...stage of constructing the satellite-ground integrated network with the terrestrial network to provide seamless global coverage. 5G New Radio (NR) is one of the core enabling technologies of the third stage of satellite Internet. This paper focuses on how to make full use of the power and bandwidth resources on the LEO satellite by using adaptive transmission scheme to maximize the throughput of the user downlink based on 5G NR. To solve the problem that the ultra-long propagation delay, outdated channel state information (CSI) and dynamic multi-scenario of LEO satellite will lead to the high implementation cost and greatly reduced performance when applied the 5G adaptive transmission scheme to LEO satellites, we optimized the adaptive transmission scheme of 5G NR based LEO satellite from multiple dimensions such as adaptive transmission process, signal to noise ratio (SNR) prediction and modulation and coding scheme (MCS) adaptive switching strategy. The simulation results show that compared with the fixed threshold switching strategy based adaptive transmission scheme, the proposed scheme can improve the average throughput of the system by 26.6% under the dynamic multi-scenario environment served by the LEO satellite.
Efficient white light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) were fabricated with a solution-processed single emission layer composed of a molecular and polymeric material mixed-host (MH). The main host used was a ...blue-emitting molecular material of 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (DPVBi) and the assisting host used was a hole-transport-type polymer of poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK). By co-doping 4,4′-bis2-(4-(
N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinylbiphenyl and 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphacene into the MH, the performances of the fabricated devices made with different mixing ratio of host materials were investigated, and were to depend on the mixing ratios. Under the optimal PVK:DPVBi ratio (3:7), we achieved a maximum luminance of 14 110
cd/m
2 and a maximum current efficiency of 9.5
cd/A. These improvements were attributed to the MH structure, which effectively improved the thermal stability of spin-coated film and enhanced the hole-injection/transporting properties of WOLEDs.
► Efficient WOLEDs with solution-processed mixed-host (MH) structures. ► Dependence of performances of WOLEDs on the mixing ratios. ► The MH structure effectively improved the thermal stability of spin-coated films and hole-injection of WOLEDs.
Bulb of Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don (BFC) has been wildly used in China for a long time for folk medicine since its significant therapeutic effects on respiratory diseases, such as cough, ...expectoration, pneumonia and bronchial inflammation, which are related to respiratory inflammatory response. However, there is a lack of investigation on the in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of BFC.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the purified total alkaloid fraction of BFC (TAF) by using different animal models of inflammation to provide scientific evidence for its traditional use.
The total alkaloid fraction from BFC was prepared by using H-103 resin column. Anti-inflammatory effect of TAF was evaluated by models of acetic acid-induced capillary permeability accentuation, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation and LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). The level of cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10) was measured by ELISA. Histopathological analyses were performed by using hematoxylin and eosin staining.
TAF can inhibit acetic acid-induced capillary permeability accentuation, carrageenan-induced paw edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation, suppress inflammatory cells recruitment and cytokine production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from LPS-induced ALI mice, and attenuate pathological changes in the lung tissues of ALI mice.
This study provides scientific evidence for bulb of F. cirrhosa to treat respiratory inflammation.
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This review aims to elucidate the intricate effects and mechanisms of terahertz (THz) wave stress on Pinellia ternata, providing valuable insights into plant responses. The primary objective is to ...highlight the imperative for future research dedicated to comprehending THz wave impacts across plant structures, with a specific focus on the molecular intricacies governing root system structure and function, from shoots to roots. Notably, this review highlights the accelerated plant growth induced by THz waves, especially in conjunction with other environmental stressors, and the subsequent alterations in cellular homeostasis, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in brassinosteroids. Brassinosteroids are explored for their dual role as toxic by‐products of stress metabolism and vital signal transduction molecules in plant responses to abiotic stresses. The paper further investigates the spatio‐temporal regulation and long‐distance transport of phytohormones, including growth hormone, cytokinin, and abscisic acid (ABA), which significantly influence the growth and development of P. ternata under THz wave stress. With a comprehensive review of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Brassinosteroid Insensitive (BRI) homeostasis and signalling under THz wave stress, the article elucidates the current understanding of BRI involvement in stress perception, stress signalling, and domestication response regulation. Additionally, it underscores the importance of spatio‐temporal regulation and long‐distance transport of key plant hormones, such as growth hormone, cytokinin, and ABA, in determining root growth and development under THz wave stress. The study of how plants perceive and respond to environmental stresses holds fundamental biological significance, and enhancing plant stress tolerance is crucial for promoting sustainable agricultural practices and mitigating the environmental burdens associated with low‐tolerance crop cultivation.
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women. This study explored the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-CT guided 3D ...intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy (US-CT-3D-IGBT) in the treatment of larger cervical cancer with bleeding. A retrospective study was conducted on 31 patients with larger cervical squamous cell carcinoma (tumor short diameter >4 cm) with vaginal bleeding. US-CT-3D-IGBT was used to deliver a single high-dose prescription of high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) 1000 to 1200 centigray (cGy) to the cervical tumor, followed by conventional intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) synchronous chemoradiotherapy (45–50 gray (Gy)/25–28 fraction(f)) with weekly cisplatin 25 mg/m 2 . After external radiotherapy, simple intracavitary brachytherapy (BT) combined with manual interstitial BT was administered at 30 Gy/5F or 28 Gy/4F. Within 24 hours after high-dose 3D-IGBT, bleeding stopped in 2 patients (6.4%), and bleeding was reduced in a total of 11 patients (35.4%) within 48 hours. A total of 29 patients achieved hemostasis within 72 hours, with an effective rate of 93.5%. The remaining 2 patients reached the clinical hemostasis requirement on the 4th and 5th day. All patients experienced a significant reduction in vaginal bleeding after the initial BT, with an average reduction of 66 mL (160–20 mL). US-CT-3D-IGBT is effective in rapidly controlling bleeding in patients with larger cervical cancer (tumor short diameter >4 cm), and the treatment is relatively safe and feasible.
Clean and efficient use of coal in China entered the implementation stage in 2015, and a series of policies were established to promote the sustainable development of clean coal technologies (CCTs). ...However, the long-term effects of the clean coal technology policies (CCTPs) have not been evaluated, and the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) would bring great uncertainty regarding the effectiveness evaluation. Employing deep learning approaches and spatial autocorrelation analysis, the present work intended to explore the air quality variation before and after the implementation of CCTPs, and investigate the association between air quality and socioeconomic factors to explore the internal mechanism of air quality improvement. Results showed that after implementing CCTPs, the air quality index (AQI) had an average reduction of 18.82%, and the identical drop in air pollution in 2018 implied a 2-year time lag of CCTPs. Additionally, emission reduction and deindustrialization were explored as two promising ways to improve air quality while promoting energy transformation. The findings indicated that the Chinese government ought to pay more attention to long-term plans; industrial restructuring and environmental protection should be insisted upon to realize sustainable energy development. By providing a perspective on air quality improvement after the policies are implemented, this study can lead practitioners and academia to a comprehensive and objective view of clean coal policies.
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•Clean coal technology policies have a reduction effect of 18.82% on air quality.•Air quality is mainly improved via emission reduction and deindustrialization.•A 2-year time lag existed before the policy had any strong positive effects.
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