Chiral materials with intrinsic inversion‐symmetric structures possess many unique physicochemical features, including circular dichroism, circularly polarized photoluminescence, nonlinear optics, ...ferroelectricity, and spintronics. Halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent optical and electrical properties, which are particularly suitable for realizing high power‐conversion efficiency in solar cells. Recent studies have shown that chirality can be transferred from chiral organic ligands into halide perovskites and the resultant chiral perovskites combine the advantages of both chiral materials and halide perovskites; this provides an ideal platform to design next‐generation optoelectronic and spintronic devices. In this progress report, the most recent advances are summarized in various chemical structures of chiral perovskites, their synthesis strategies, chirality generation mechanisms, and physical properties. Furthermore, the potential chiral‐halide‐perovskite‐based applications are presented and the challenges and prospects of chiral perovskites are discussed. This report outlines the diverse construction strategies of and proposes research directions for chiral halide perovskites; thus, it provides insights into the design of novel chiral perovskites and facilitates investigation of the optoelectronic applications that employ chirality.
Chiral perovskites are considered to be a promising class of materials for next‐generation optoelectronic and spintronic devices, owing to their superiority in combining chirality and high dielectric constants, high optical‐absorption coefficients, and strong spin–orbit coupling. The synthesis strategies, chirality generation mechanisms, physical properties, and applications of chiral perovskites are reviewed.
The investigation of image deblurring techniques in dynamic scenes represents a prominent area of research. Recently, deep learning technology has gained extensive traction within the field of image ...deblurring methodologies. However, such methods often suffer from limited inherent interconnections across various hierarchical levels, resulting in inadequate receptive fields and suboptimal deblurring outcomes. In U-Net, a more adaptable approach is employed, integrating diverse levels of features effectively. Such design not only significantly reduces the number of parameters but also maintains an acceptable accuracy range. Based on such advantages, an improved U-Net model for enhancing the image deblurring effect was proposed in the present study. Firstly, the model structure was designed, incorporating two key components: the MLFF (multilayer feature fusion) module and the DMRFAB (dense multi-receptive field attention block). The aim of these modules is to improve the feature extraction ability. The MLFF module facilitates the integration of feature information across various layers, while the DMRFAB module, enriched with an attention mechanism, extracts crucial and intricate image details, thereby enhancing the overall information extraction process. Finally, in combination with fast Fourier transform, the FRLF (Frequency Reconstruction Loss Function) was proposed. The FRLF obtains the frequency value of the image by reducing the frequency difference. The present experiment results reveal that the proposed method exhibited higher-quality visual effects. Specifically, for the GoPro dataset, the PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio) reached 31.53, while the SSIM (structural similarity index) attained a value of 0.948. Additionally, for the Real Blur dataset, the PSNR achieved 31.32, accompanied by an SSIM score of 0.934.
Soil microbiota play a critical role in soil biogeochemical processes and have a profound effect on soil functions. Recent studies have revealed microbial co-occurrence patterns in soil microbial ...communities, yet the geographic pattern of topological features in soil microbial co-occurrence networks at the continental scale are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the shifts of topological features in co-occurrence networks inferred from soil microbiota along a continental scale in eastern China. Integrating archaeal, bacterial and fungal community datasets, we inferred a meta-community co-occurrence network and analyzed node-level and network-level topological shifts associated with five climatic regions. Both node-level and network-level topological features revealed geographic patterns wherein microorganisms in the northern regions had closer relationships but had a lower interaction influence than those in the southern regions. We further identified topological differences associated with taxonomic groups and demonstrated that co-occurrence patterns were random for archaea and non-random for bacteria and fungi. Given that microbial interactions may contribute to soil functions more than species diversity, this geographic shift of topological features provides new insight into studying microbial biogeographic patterns, their organization and impacts on soil-associated function.
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•Mycobacterium sp. WY10 is an efficient PAHs-degrader with 53 functional genes.•A detailed PHE and PYR metabolism maps were constructed with metabolic results.•PHE was degraded in a ...dominant phthalate pathway and a minor salicylate pathway.•Both phthalate and salicylate pathways played important roles on PYR degradation.
Mycobacterium sp. WY10 was a highly effective PAHs-degrading bacterium that can degrade phenanthrene (PHE, 100 mg L−1) completely within 60 h and 83% of pyrene (PYR, 50 mg L-1) in 72 h. In this study, ten and eleven metabolites, respectively, were identified in PHE and PYR degradation cultures, and a detailed PHE and PYR metabolism maps were constructed based on the metabolic results. The strain WY10 degraded PHE and PYR with initial dioxygenation mainly on 3,4- and 4,5-carbon positions, respectively. Thereafter, PYR degradation entered the PHE degradation pathway via the ortho-cleavage. It was observed that the “lower pathway” of PHE and PYR degradations were different. Based on the kinetics of residual metabolites, PHE was degraded in a dominant phthalate pathway and a minor salicylate pathway. However, both phthalate and salicylate pathways played important roles on PYR degradation. The WY10 genome revealed there were fifty-three genes related to PAHs degradations, including a complete gene set for PHE and PYR degradation via the phthalate pathway. The candidate gene/ORF, BOH72_19755, encoding salicylate synthase might contribute in the salicylate pathway.
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•The propagation of natural enemies in the field environment.•Gynaephora qinghaiensis pupae as the host for propagation of natural enemies.•The artificial nest made of coconut shell ...has a good propagation effect.•The biocontrol effect of Pteromalus sanjiangyuanicus was very significant.
Gynaephora qinghaiensis is an important pest that damages alpine meadow vegetation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) alpine pastoral areas. Pteromalus sanjiangyuanicus Yang is a parasitic natural enemy of pupal G. qinghaiensis. For biological control of G. qinghaiensis, local materials and G. qinghaiensis were used for P. sanjiangyuanicus propagation. Under natural field conditions, P. sanjiangyuanicus were propagated in artificial nests. Propagated P. sanjiangyuanicus were then released into the experimental area, where the G. qinghaiensis density was high, and the biological control effect was evaluated. In the propagation test plot (D), the average P. sanjiangyuanicus parasitism rate was 70.3% (46.3–87.0%). The P. sanjiangyuanicus parasitism rate in the experimental area was significantly higher than that in the control area, and the propagation effect was good. The P. sanjiangyuanicus parasitism rates in the biological control plots (A, B, and C) increased yearly from 2016 to 2019, indicating that the P. sanjiangyuanicus population size in the biological control area increased yearly and that the parasitoid population size effectively increased. From 2016 to 2019, the G. qinghaiensis population decline rates in the biological control plots (A, B and C) were 71.1%, 59.3% and 76.4%, respectively (average 68.9%). The control effects on G. qinghaiensis were 80.9%, 69.9% and 80.3%, respectively (average 77.0%). The results showed that P. sanjiangyuanicus was effective in controlling G. qinghaiensis. This study provides a reference for the large-scale propagation of P. sanjiangyuanicus and the further promotion and application of G. qinghaiensis biological control.
Current therapies for T-cell acute leukemia are based on risk stratification and have greatly improved the survival rate for patients, but mortality rates remain high owing to relapsed disease, ...therapy resistance, or treatment-related toxicities/infection. Patients with relapsed disease continue to have poor outcomes. In the past few years, newer agents have been investigated to optimize upfront therapies for higher-risk patients in the hopes of decreasing relapse rates. This review summarizes the progress of chemo/targeted therapies using Nelarabine/Bortezomib/CDK4/6 inhibitors for T-ALL in clinical trials and novel strategies to target NOTCH-induced T-ALL. We also outline immunotherapy clinical trials using monoclonal/bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies, anti-PD1/anti-PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR-T for T-ALL therapy. Overall, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials showed that applying monoclonal antibodies or CAR-T for relapsed/refractory T-ALL therapy is promising. The combination of target therapy and immunotherapy may be a novel strategy for T-ALL treatment.
Biochars produced from swine manure (SM), fruit peels (FP), Phragmites australis (PA) and Brassica rapa (BR) were applied at different rates to a sandy loam soil at 70% moisture. Phospholipid fatty ...acid (PLFA) measurements showed that feedstock type, biochar type and application rate significantly affected the soil microbial communities. PLFAs derived from bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, G+ve and G−ve bacteria and sulfate reducers were higher with FP biochar at 3% and 1% weight: weight (wt:wt), respectively, followed by SM at 1% and PA biochar at 3%, than in the control soil. The control soil also contained higher concentrations of certain iso:anteiso PLFAs, which are indicative of environmental stress, than did biochar treated soils. Protozoa PLFAs only increased in PA 3% and BR 1% treatments. Redundancy analysis illustrated the relationships between microbial communities and chemical properties within biochar types and addition rates to soil. The analysis indicated that different biochars induced different chemical changes such as increased pH, dissolved organic carbon and total carbon and nitrogen in soil and changed the microbial community structure. These properties may be used as indicators of both soil improvement and C sequestration.
•Microbial community variations in 4 biochars amended soil were studied by PLFAs.•Microbial community changed after biochar induced the change of soil properties.•Only PA 3% and BR 1% treatments were found to increase the PLFAs of protozoa.•Application of some biochars could reduce environmental stress to soil organisms.
D-type cyclins (D1, D2 and D3) and their associated cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4 and CDK6) are components of the core cell cycle machinery that drives cell proliferation. Inhibitors of CDK4 and ...CDK6 are currently being tested in clinical trials for patients with several cancer types, with promising results. Here, using human cancer cells and patient-derived xenografts in mice, we show that the cyclin D3-CDK6 kinase phosphorylates and inhibits the catalytic activity of two key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, 6-phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase M2. This re-directs the glycolytic intermediates into the pentose phosphate (PPP) and serine pathways. Inhibition of cyclin D3-CDK6 in tumour cells reduces flow through the PPP and serine pathways, thereby depleting the antioxidants NADPH and glutathione. This, in turn, increases the levels of reactive oxygen species and causes apoptosis of tumour cells. The pro-survival function of cyclin D-associated kinase operates in tumours expressing high levels of cyclin D3-CDK6 complexes. We propose that measuring the levels of cyclin D3-CDK6 in human cancers might help to identify tumour subsets that undergo cell death and tumour regression upon inhibition of CDK4 and CDK6. Cyclin D3-CDK6, through its ability to link cell cycle and cell metabolism, represents a particularly powerful oncoprotein that affects cancer cells at several levels, and this property can be exploited for anti-cancer therapy.
Microbial ecological studies have been remarkably promoted by the high-throughput sequencing approach with explosive information of taxonomy and relative abundance. However, relative abundance does ...not reflect the quantity of the microbial community and the inter-sample differences among taxa. In this study, we refined and applied an integrated high-throughput absolute abundance quantification (iHAAQ) method to better characterize soil quantitative bacterial community through combining the relative abundance (by high-throughput sequencing) and total bacterial quantities (by quantitative PCR). The proposed iHAAQ method was validated by an internal reference strain EDL933 and a laboratory strain WG5. Application of the iHAAQ method to a soil phenanthrene biodegradation study showed that for some bacterial taxa, the changes of relative and absolute abundances were coincident, while for others the changes were opposite. With the addition of a microbial activity inhibitor (NaN
), the absolute abundances of soil bacterial taxa, including several dominant genera of
,
, and
, decreased significantly, but their relative abundances increased after 28 days of incubation. We conclude that the iHAAQ method can offer more comprehensive information to reflect the dynamics of soil bacterial community with both relative and absolute abundances than the relative abundance from high-throughput sequencing alone.
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•Rhodococcus sp. WB9 and Mycobacterium sp. WY10 showed synergistic PHE degradation.•Metabolic cross-feeding in co-culture promoted PHE degradation and mineralization.•1H2N and PHTA ...were accumulated extracellularly in monoculture by efflux transporters.•The absence of transporters for metabolites uptake restricts metabolites degradation.
A highly eff ;ective phenanthrene (PHE)-degrading co-culture containing Rhodococcus sp. WB9 and Mycobacterium sp. WY10 was constructed and completely degraded 100 mg L−1 PHE within 36 h, showing improved degradation rate compared to their monocultures. In the co-culture, strain WY10 played a predominant role in PHE degradation. 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid was an end-product of PHE degradation by strain WB9 and accumulated in the culture medium to serve as a substrate for strain WY10 growth, thereby accelerating PHE degradation. In turn, strain WY10 degraded PHE and 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid intracellularly to form phthalate and protocatechuate that were exported to the culture medium through efflux transporters. However, strain WY10 cannot take up extracellular phthalate due to the absence of phthalate transporters, restricting phthalate degradation and PHE mineralization. In the co-culture, phthalate and protocatechuate accumulated in the culture medium were taken up and degraded towards TCA cycle by strain WB9. Therefore, the metabolic cross-feeding of strains WB9 and WY10 accelerated PHE degradation and mineralization. These findings exhibiting the synergistic degradation of PHE in the bacterial co-culture will facilitate its bioremediation application.
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