Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to identify potential myopia biomarkers using machine learning algorithms, enhancing myopia diagnosis and prognosis prediction.
Methods
GSE112155 and GSE15163 ...datasets from the GEO database were analyzed. We used “limma” for differential expression analysis and “GO plot” and “clusterProfiler” for functional and pathway enrichment analyses. The LASSO and SVM-RFE algorithms were employed to screen myopia-related biomarkers, followed by ROC curve analysis for diagnostic performance evaluation. Single-gene GSEA enrichment analysis was executed using GSEA 4.1.0.
Results
The functional analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated their role in carbohydrate generation and polysaccharide synthesis. We identified 23 differentially expressed genes associated with myopia, four of which were highly effective diagnostic biomarkers. Single gene GSEA results showed these genes control the ubiquitin-mediated protein hydrolysis pathway.
Conclusion
Our study identifies four key myopia biomarkers, providing a foundation for future clinical and experimental validation studies.
Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX; EC.1.5.99.12) regulates cytokinin (CK) level in plants and plays an essential role in CK regulatory processes. CKX proteins are encoded by a small gene family ...with a varying number of members in different plants. In spite of their physiological importance, systematic analyses of SiCKX genes in foxtail millet have not yet been examined. In this paper, we report the genome wide isolation and characterization of SiCKXs using bioinformatic methods. A total of 11 members of the family were identified in the foxtail millet genome. SiCKX genes were distributed in seven chromosomes (chromosome 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 11). The coding sequences of all the SiCKX genes were disrupted by introns, with numbers varying from one to four. These genes expanded in the genome mainly due to segmental duplication events. Multiple alignment and motif display results showed that all SiCKX proteins share FAD- and CK-binding domains. Putative cis-elements involved in Ca2+-response, abiotic stress response, light and circadian rhythm regulation, disease resistance and seed development were present in the promoters of SiCKX genes. Expression data mining suggested that SiCKX genes have diverse expression patterns. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that all 11 SiCKX genes were up-regulated in embryos under 6-BA treatment, and some were NaCl or PEG inducible. Collectively, these results provide molecular insights into CKX research in plants.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of endogenous small RNAs that play essential regulatory roles in plant growth, development and stress response. Extensive studies of miRNAs have been performed in ...model plants such as rice, Arabidopsis thaliana and other plants. However, the number of miRNAs discovered in maize is relatively low and little is known about miRNAs involved in the very early stage during seed germination.
In this study, a small RNA library from maize seed 24 hours after imbibition was sequenced by the Solexa technology. A total of 11,338,273 reads were obtained. 1,047,447 total reads representing 431 unique sRNAs matched to known maize miRNAs. Further analysis confirmed the authenticity of 115 known miRNAs belonging to 24 miRNA families and the discovery of 167 novel miRNAs in maize. Both the known and the novel miRNAs were confirmed by sequencing of a second small RNA library constructed the same way as the one used in the first sequencing. We also found 10 miRNAs that had not been reported in maize, but had been reported in other plant species. All novel sequences had not been earlier described in other plant species. In addition, seven miRNA* sequences were also obtained. Putative targets for 106 novel miRNAs were successfully predicted. Our results indicated that miRNA-mediated gene expression regulation is present in maize imbibed seed.
This study led to the confirmation of the authenticity of 115 known miRNAs and the discovery of 167 novel miRNAs in maize. Identification of novel miRNAs resulted in significant enrichment of the repertoire of maize miRNAs and provided insights into miRNA regulation of genes expressed in imbibed seed.
Stroke-related pneumonia (SAP) is a common complication in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, and it has adverse effects on the clinical outcomes and increases the burden on patients' families and ...society. Early identification and individualized care are necessary to reduce the incidence of SAP.
The present study aimed to explore the effect of nurse-led hierarchical management care based on the acute ischemic stroke-associated pneumonia score (AIS-APS) scale in AIS patients.
A quasi-intervention pilot study design was adopted for the present study. A total of 120 AIS patients were enrolled and assigned to the intervention group and the control group, with 60 subjects in each group in a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China. The control group received routine care, whereas the intervention group was given nurse-led hierarchical management care based on the AIS-APS scale. The intervention duration was more than 7 days, and the incidence of SAP, neurological function, swallowing function, and activities of daily living (ADLs) at discharge were observed. The outcomes were assessed at baseline and at outpatient time.
A total of 120 participants were enrolled in our study. A significant decrease was found in the incidence of SAP in the intervention group (18.3%) compared with that in the control group (41.7%). Positive outcomes were shown in neurology function, swallowing function, and ADL in the intervention group.
Nurse-led hierarchical management care based on AIS-APS can reduce the incidence of SAP, promote AIS patients' neurological function, and maintain patients' ADL. The results of our study indicated that nurse-led hierarchical management care is feasible for AIS patients and provides individualized interventions for patients with different levels of SAP risk. Nurse-led hierarchical management care could be incorporated into routine nursing practice. Further study is needed and expected to solve more clinical problems.
YUCCA is an important enzyme which catalyzes a key rate-limiting step in the tryptophan-dependent pathway for auxin biosynthesis and implicated in several processes during plant growth and ...development. Genome wide analyses of
YUCCA
genes have been performed in
Arabidopsis
, rice, tomato, and
Populus
, but have never been characterized in soybean, one of the most important oil crops in the world. In this study, 22
GmYUCCA
genes (
GmYUCCA1-22
) were identified and named based on soybean whole-genome sequence. Phylogenetic analysis of YUCCA proteins from
Glycine max, Arabidopsis, Oryza sativa
, tomato, and
Populus euphratica
revealed that GmYUCCA proteins could be divided into four subfamilies. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that
GmYUCCA
genes have diverse expression patterns in different tissues and under various stress treatments. Compared to the wild type (WT), the transgenic
GmYUCCA5 Arabidopsis
plants displayed downward curling of the leaf blade margin, evident apical dominance, higher plant height, and shorter length of siliques. Our results provide a comprehensive analysis of the soybean
YUCCA
gene family and lay a solid foundation for further experiments in order to functionally characterize these gene members during soybean growth and development.
Chinese herbs contain substances that regulate female hormones. Our study confirmed that Zingiberis rhizoma carbonisata contains Zingiberis rhizoma-based carbon dots (ZR-CDs), which exert regulatory ...effects on serum oestradiol and FSH in mice and show impacts on endometrial growth and follicular development that potentially affect the ability of female fertility. ZR-CDs were characterized to clarify the microstructure, optical features, and functional group characteristics. It shows that ZR-CDs are spherical carbon nanostructures ranging from 0.97 to 2.3 nm in diameter, with fluorescent properties and a surface rich in functional groups. We further investigated the impact of ZR-CDs on oestradiol and FSH in serum, growth, and the development of ovarian and uterine using normal female mice and exogenous oestradiol intervention model. It was observed that ZR-CDs accelerated oestrogen metabolism and attenuated oestradiol-induced endometrial hyperplasia. Simultaneously, ZR-CDs triggered an increase in FSH, even in the presence of high-serum oestradiol that inhibits FSH secretion. Our findings suggest that ZR-CDs could be a potential therapeutic treatment for anovulatory menstruation.
The electronic structure, elastic and thermodynamic properties of Cu2MgSnS4 was studied based on density functional theory (DFT). The results show that Cu2MgSnS4 is a direct bandgap semiconductor. ...The B/G of Cu2MgSnS4 is greater than 1.75, indicating that Cu2MgSnS4 is a ductile material. Through the study of thermodynamic properties, it is found that the temperature increases, the bulk modulus B and Debye temperature Θ decrease, while the heat capacity CV, entropy S, Grüneisen constant γ and thermal expansion coefficient α increase, and the heat capacity is close to the Dulong-Petit limit. As the pressure increases, the bulk modulus B, Debye temperature Θ increases, while the entropy S, Grüneisen constant γ and heat capacity CV decrease.
Galactinol synthase (GolS, EC 2.4.1.123), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), plays roles in plant growth and developmental processes. The in vitro roles of ...GolS in plant responses against heavy metal stress are not well clarified. In the present study, a suppression-subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library has been constructed using RNA extracted from wheat cultivar Jinan 18 treated with ZnCl
2
as the tester and RNA from untreated seedlings as the driver. Sixteen expressed sequence tags (ESTs) highly homologous with known proteins associated with stress tolerance have been obtained. Among these, a 1000-bp cDNA sequence encoding GolS protein has been isolated and designated as
TaGolS3
. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that
TaGolS3
was mainly expressed in young roots and upregulated by exogenous ABA treatment and several abiotic stresses, such as ZnCl
2
, CuCl
2
, low temperature, and NaCl. Subcellular localization analysis showed that TaGolS3 protein is a nuclear-localized protein. A detailed analysis of
Arabidopsis
and rice transgenic plants overexpressing
TaGolS3
gene displayed that transgenic plants exhibited increased lateral root number, primary root length, plant survival rate, and plant height. Moreover, in comparison with the wild-type (WT) plants, the
TaGolS3
-overexpressing lines showed a higher expression of ROS-scavenging genes, activities of antioxidative enzymes, proline contents, and a lower level of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and electrolyte leakage under zinc stress. These results confirmed the positive roles of
TaGolS3
in improving plant tolerance to heavy metal stress, indicating a potential resource in the transgenic breeding to enhance heavy metal stress tolerance in crop plants.
A common wheat cDNA encoding a prolyl aminopeptidase (PAP, EC 3.4.11.5) was cloned by RT-PCR method and has been named as
TaPAP1
. The cDNA of
TaPAP1
is 1,173 bp in length and encodes a predicted ...protein of 391 amino acids with a molecular mass and isoelectric point were 43.9 kDa and 7.94, respectively. Alignment of protein sequence indicated that
TaPAP1
was evolutionarily conserved among other plants. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that
TaPAP1
was predominantly expressed in seedling roots and up-regulated by various abiotic stresses, such as salt, drought, cold, copper and zinc. Compared to wild type plants, zinc-stressed
TaPAP1
transgenic
Arabidopsis
displayed higher survival rate, the fresh weight, photosynthetic efficiency, proline levels, and PAP activity. Our results suggested that
TaPAP1
controlled plant tolerance to zinc stress by means of improving the proline levels and PAP enzyme activity. Subcellular localization analysis showed that protein TaPAP1 is localized mainly in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, a novel cDNA sequence encoding wheat
PAP
gene was successfully obtained and the results showed that
TaPAP1
is involved in the plant response to zinc stress, indicating a potential use in the transgenic breeding to improve heavy metal resistance in crop species.
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