The performance of hybrid perovskite‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is markedly enhanced by the application of a NiOx electrode interlayer and moderate methylamine treatment. A hybrid ...perovskite‐based LED exhibits a peak luminous efficiency of 15.9 cd A−1 biased at 8.5 V, 407.65 mA cm−2, and 65 300 cd m−2, showing a distinctive impact for future applications.
Previously, we found that (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) enhanced osteogenic differentiation of murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by increasing the mRNA expression of ...osteogenesis-related genes, alkaline phosphatase activity and eventually mineralization. We further found EGCG supplementation preserved bone mass and microarchitecture in female rats during estrogen deficiency in the proximal tibia and lumbar spine at least in part by increasing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2). BMP2 can enhance de novo bone formation.
In this study, we evaluate the effect of local EGCG application in de novo bone formation in bone defect healing.
Twenty-four rats aged 4 months were weight-matched and randomly allocated to 2 groups: defect control with vehicle treatment (control) and defect with 10 µM EGCG treatment (EGCG). Daily vehicle and EGCG were applied locally by percutaneous local injection 2 days after defect creation for 2 weeks. Four weeks after treatment, animals were sacrificed for micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and biomechanical analysis.
Local EGCG at femoral defect can enhance de novo bone formation by increasing bone volume and subsequently improve mechanical properties including max load, break point, stiffness, area under the max load curve, area under the break point curve and ultimate stress.
Local EGCG may enhance bone defect healing via at least partly by the de novo bone formation of BMP-2.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common diseases leading to physical disability, with age being the main risk factor, and degeneration of articular cartilage is the main focus for the ...pathogenesis of OA. Autophagy is a crucial intracellular homeostasis system recycling flawed macromolecules and cellular organelles to sustain the metabolism of cells. Growing evidences have revealed that autophagy is chondroprotective by regulating apoptosis and repairing the function of damaged chondrocytes. Then, OA is related to autophagy depending on different stages and models. In this review, we discuss the character of autophagy in OA and the process of the autophagy pathway, which can be modulated by some drugs, key molecules and non-coding RNAs (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs). More in-depth investigations of autophagy are needed to find therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers through in vitro and in vivo situations, making autophagy a more effective way for OA treatment in the future. The aim of this review is to introduce the concept of autophagy and make readers realize its impact on OA. The database we searched in is PubMed and we used the keywords listed below to find appropriate article resources.
The performance of hybrid perovskite-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is markedly enhanced by the application of a NiO
electrode interlayer and moderate methylamine treatment. A hybrid ...perovskite-based LED exhibits a peak luminous efficiency of 15.9 cd A
biased at 8.5 V, 407.65 mA cm
, and 65 300 cd m
, showing a distinctive impact for future applications.
Open reduction, autogenous bone-grafting, and internal fixation for the treatment of established nonunion of the lateral condyle associated with a cubitus valgus deformity has a high rate of ...complications. As a consequence, we developed a new technique that includes in situ compression fixation of the lateral condylar nonunion and a dome-shaped supracondylar osteotomy of the distal aspect of the humerus through a single posterior incision.
Eight consecutive patients were treated with the new surgical technique between 1994 and 2000. The mean age at the time of surgery was 8.6 years. The mean interval between the lateral condylar fracture and surgery was 4.9 years. The mean preoperative radiographic humerus-ulna angle was 31 degrees of valgus. The postoperative results were classified with a modification of the scoring system described by Dhillon et al., which assesses pain, weakness, range of motion, the humerus-ulna angle, and prominence of the medial epicondyle on a 12-point scale.
All eight lateral condylar nonunions achieved union within three months postoperatively. The mean postoperative humerus-ulna angle was 5.5 degrees of valgus. All of the supracondylar dome osteotomies healed uneventfully, and there was no loss of correction postoperatively. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.5 years. The overall results were excellent in two patients, good in four patients, and fair in two patients.
With better exposure of the lateral condylar nonunion through a posterior approach, we can effectively stabilize the lateral condylar nonunion and avoid postoperative loss of motion and osteonecrosis of the condyle. With a dome-shaped supracondylar osteotomy, we can correct the cubitus valgus deformity and avoid the development of a medial epicondylar prominence. With careful selection of patients, this new technique can be an effective method to treat this clinically challenging problem.
We designed this study to determine the usefulness of semitubular plates for acute displaced or comminuted fractures of the midclavicle.
Nonrandomized retrospective study.
A secondary transfer ...hospital specializing in orthopaedics.
From May 1997 to July 2001, 121 patients were treated with a 92% (111) follow-up rate. The mean follow-up time was 3.5 years (range, 2.5 to 6 years).
Semitubular plates using 4.5-mm cortical or 6.5-mm cancellous screws and wire as necessary.
The functional result was evaluated by the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score at the time of admission for implant removal in 82 patients or at the end of follow-up by telephone in 29 patients.
Most (107 of 111) fractures healed within 6 months. Three patients with implant failure due to backing out of the screws healed after surgical revision. One patient had an infected nonunion with a poor result. The other 110 patients had good results. No implant breakage was noted. No other major complications were noted except for 1 deep infection. No bone graft was needed, even with comminution at the fracture site. Of the 107 patients with uneventful union, 82 had hardware removal. The other 25 were diagnosed as having union both radiographically and clinically and did not have their hardware removed.
Overall, 95% of patients were satisfied with the surgical procedure. We suggest that a semitubular plate with 4.5-mm cortical and 6.5-mm cancellous screws with wire augmentation if necessary is a reliable procedure for acute severely displaced or comminuted midclavicular fractures.
Type IV-D duplicated thumb has the most complex anomalies and difficulties for treatment among polydatyly. Double osteotomy is usually recommended to gain the best cosmetic and functional outcome. ...However, 4 cases of type IV-D duplicated thumb were treated only by soft tissue procedure in this study. At operation, a conjoined A2 pulley was routinely identified, and the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) was found bifurcated distal to the conjoined pulley in every of these cases. Instead of double osteotomy, a soft tissue procedure that included centralization of FPL and A2 pulley reconstruction was pursued to correct these special anomalies. The overall clinical results were evaluated by a modification of the Tada scoring system based on the range of motion, joint stability, alignment of the remaining thumb, and subjective opinion regarding the reconstructed thumb after an average follow-up of 3.3 years (range, 2.5-4.7 years). According to the scoring system, the results were rated as good in 3 cases and fair in 1 case. From the results, the A2 pulley reconstruction and FPL centralization could prove to be an effective method for the treatment of type IV-D duplicated thumb and could efficiently avoid the residual angular deformities. Therefore, we recommend this soft tissue procedure as an alternative surgical technique to the double-osteotomy procedure for treating a type IV-D duplicated thumb in a very young child, whose bone is still not mature enough for holding the fixing pins.
This study aims to evaluate further the performance of a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) additive incorporated with calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC) in vitro to prove its efficiency as bone graft ...substitutes and its compatibility to be incorporated into the CPC with other techniques in clinical restoration in vivo. The growth factor release ability and the osteogenic evaluation of PRP, CPC, and PRP/CPC testing groups with 5, 10, and 15wt.% PRP were compared in vitro. Four groups were measured using non-decalcified staining methods in vivo, which include the testing group of 10wt.% PRP/CPC selected from the evaluation in vitro, by using both the autograft with rabbit trabecular and CPC-only as comparison groups and the group without grafting material as the control sample. The results obtained through specimen immersion show that growth factor release and alkaline phosphatase activities after osteoprogenitor cell culture had a significantly better effect on 10 and 15wt.% PRP/CPC than on the other groups in vitro. Analysis results suggest that PRP was still retained in the CPC matrix even after 32days of immersion. The results in vivo show that the histology of the autograft bone and the control group without grafting material exhibited fibrous connective and adipose tissues, which obviously filled the created cavity even at nine weeks after the operation. Osteoregeneration was more successful in the PRP-additive group, which accumulated bone remodeling than in the other groups. In conclusion, CPC could be a potential carrier with adequate PRP additives that bear a therapeutic potential for enhanced bone tissue regeneration.
•An innovative platelet-rich plasma with calcium phosphate bone cement is designed.•The cement was developed for a strategy in growth factor retentive abilities.•Adequate platelet-rich plasma enhances the regeneration ability of bone cement.•The cement bears a therapeutic potential for enhanced bone tissue regeneration.
In this study, a calcium phosphate cement was developed using tetracalcium phosphate and surface-modified dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA). This developed injectable bone graft substitute can be ...molded to the shape of the bone cavity and set in situ through the piping system that has an adequate mechanical strength, non-dispersibility, and biocompatibility. The materials were based on the modified DCPA compositions of calcium phosphate cement (CPC), where the phase ratio of the surface-modified DCPA is higher than that of the conventional CPC for forming dicalcium phosphate (DCP)-rich cement. The composition and morphology of several calcium phosphate cement specimens during setting were analyzed via X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive spectroscopy system. The compressive strength of DCP-rich CPCs was greater than 30MPa after 24h of immersion in vitro. The reaction of the CPCs produced steady final biphasic products of DCPs with apatite. The composites of calcium phosphate cements derived from tetracalcium phosphate mixed with surface-modified DCPA exhibited excellent mechanical properties, injectability, and interlocking forces between particles, and they also featured nondispersive behavior when immersed in a physiological solution.
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•Bone cement precursor with nanocrystals is characterized.•DCP-rich CPCs with nanocrystals exhibited biphasic product phases.•Nanocrystals in cement significantly affected the interlocking ability.•Nanocrystals in cement exhibited higher strength and anti-dispersion.•DCP-rich CPCs increase the potential of bioresorption after reaction.
