As a contributor to the construction of a modern public cultural service system, theaters, together with libraries, art galleries, cultural centers, etc., shoulder the social responsibility of public ...art education. Public art education takes public art service institutions as the carrier. At present, schools are the most popular and developed institutions among public cultural service institutions. With the advancement of socialization, public cultural and art institutions are flourishing. Funded and operated by the government, more and more public institutions bear the social responsibility of public art education in the new era and shape the diversified forms of public arts education. With National Theater of Korea and the National Theater for the Performing Arts as the objects for its research, this paper analyzes the similarities and differences between the measures for public art education in the two countries through a comparative study.
Atmospheric aerosol acidity impacts numerous physicochemical processes, but the determination of particle pH remains a significant challenge due to the nonconservative nature of the H+ concentration ...(H+). Traditional measurements have difficulty in describing the practical state of an aerosol because they comprise chemical components or hypotheses that change the nature of the particles. In this work, we present a direct pH measurement that uses water as a general probe to detect H+ in individual particles by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Containing the vibrational bands of ions and water influenced by ions, the spectra of hydrated ion were decomposed from the solution spectra as standard spectra by multivariate curve resolution analysis. Meanwhile, ratios of hydrated ions were calculated between the Raman spectra and standard spectra to evaluate concentration profiles of each ion. It demonstrated that good quantitative models between the ratio and concentration for all ions including H+ can be built with correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.95 for the solutions. The method was further applied to individual particle pH measurement. The pH value of sulfate aerosol particles was calculated, and the standard error was 0.09 using pH values calculated from the HSO4−/SO42− as a reference. Furthermore, the applicability of the method was proven by detecting the pH value of chloride particles. Therefore, utilizing water, the most common substance, as the spectroscopic probe to measure H+ without restriction of the ion system, this method has potential to measure the pH value of atmospheric particles with various compounds, although more work needs to be done to improve the sensitivity of the method.
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•Water as a general probe for pH sensing in individual particles was studied.•Spectral features of water influenced by ions were captured by Raman spectra.•MCR–ALS analysis was used to extract the features and their variation.•Quantification of all ion concentration including H+ in particles was achieved.•pH value in sulfate and chloride particles can be detected by the water-probe.
Measuring the chemical composition of individual atmospheric aerosol particles can provide direct evidence of their heterogeneous reactions and mixing states in the atmosphere. In this study, ...micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the chemical composition of 1200 individual atmospheric particles in 11 samples collected in Beijing air. (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, various minerals, carbonaceous species (soot and organics), and NaNO3 were identified in the measured particles according to their characteristic Raman peaks. These species represented the main components of aerosol particles. In individual particles, NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4 either existed separately or were internally mixed. Possible reaction pathways of CaCO3 particles in the atmosphere were proposed based on the results of this study and laboratory simulations on heterogeneous reactions in the literature. CaCO3 reacted with N- and S-containing (nitrogen- and sulfur-containing) acidic gases to produce Ca(NO3)2 and CaSO4. Ca(NO3)2 further reacted with S-containing acidic gases and oxidants to produce CaSO4. Of the soot-containing particles, 23% were internal mixtures of soot and inorganic material. Of the organics-containing particles, 57% were internal mixtures of organic and inorganic materials. Micro-Raman spectroscopy directly identified functional groups and molecules in individual atmospheric particles under normal ambient conditions, rendering it a powerful tool for measuring the chemical composition of individual atmospheric particles with a diameter of ≥1.0 μm.
Abstract Purpose To investigate the choroidal and retinal thickness in myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic Chinese children by swept-source longer-wavelength optical coherence tomography. Design ...Cross-sectional study. Methods Two-hundred-and-seventy-six school children aged 7−13 years underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including cycloplegic refraction, and swept-source optical coherence tomography measurements. The thickness of the choroid, retina, ganglion cell layer, and nerve fiber layer were compared among children of different refractive status. The topographic variation and factors related to the thickness of the choroid and retinal layers were analyzed. Results Compared to emmetropes, myopes had a significantly thinner choroid in all regions (p < 0.01), and hyperopes had a thicker choroid in most regions (p < 0.05). The myopic retinas were thinner than those of emmetropes or hyperopes in the superior parafoveal and all four perifoveal subfields (p < 0.05), but no other subfields differed significantly among different refractive groups (p > 0.05). The axial length and refractive diopters were independently related to central foveal choroidal thickness (R2 = 0.17, p < 0.01), while age and intraocular pressure were independently associated with central fovea retinal (R2 = 0.15, p < 0.01) and ganglion cell layer thicknesses (R2 = 0.10, p < 0.01) after adjustment for other systematic and ocular factors. Central foveal choroidal and retinal thickness were unrelated in children of different refractive status (p > 0.05). Conclusions Choroidal thickness, but not retinal thickness, correlated closely with axial length and refractive diopters in Chinese children. Choroid thinning occurs before retina thinning early in myopic progression.
We assessed changes in age-specific prevalence of refractive error at the time of starting school, by comparing preschool and school age cohorts in Shanghai, China.
A cross-sectional study was done ...in Jiading District, Shanghai during November and December 2013. We randomly selected 7 kindergartens and 7 primary schools, with probability proportionate to size. Chinese children (n = 8398) aged 3 to 10 years were enumerated, and 8267 (98.4%) were included. Children underwent distance visual acuity assessment and refraction measurement by cycloplegic autorefraction and subjective refraction.
The prevalence of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), presenting visual acuity, and best-corrected visual acuity in the better eye of ≤20/40 was 19.8%, 15.5%, and 1.7%, respectively. Among those with UCVA ≤ 20/40, 93.2% could achieve visual acuity of ≥20/32 with refraction. Only 28.7% (n = 465) of children with UCVA in the better eye of ≤20/40 wore glasses. Prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent ≤-0.5 diopters D in at least one eye) increased from 1.78% in 3-year-olds to 52.2% in 10-year-olds, while prevalence of hyperopia (spherical equivalent ≥+2.0 D) decreased from 17.8% among 3-year-olds to 2.6% by 10 years of age. After adjusting for age, attending elite "high-level" school was statistically associated with greater myopia prevalence.
The prevalence of myopia was lower or comparable to that reported in other populations from age 3 to 5 years, but increased dramatically after 6 years, consistent with a strong environmental role of schooling on myopia development.
In this paper, we give an extension of the
q-beta integral. Applications of the extension are also given, which include to derive an extension of the
q-Pfaff–Saalschütz formula, an extension of the ...Kalnins and Miller transformations and a new identity for
ϕ
2
3
.
A remark on Andrews–Askey integral Wang, Mingjin
Journal of mathematical analysis and applications,
05/2008, Volume:
341, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In this paper, we use the Andrews–Askey integral and the
q-Chu–Vandermonde formula to derive a more general integral formula. Applications of the new integral formula are also given, which include to ...derive the
q-Pfaff–Saalschütz formula and the terminating Sears's
ϕ
2
3
transformation formula.
We use the Andrews–Askey integral and the Leibniz rule for the
q
-difference operator to give the
q
-integral representation of the Al-Salam–Carlitz polynomials, which includes the
q
-integral ...representation of the Rogers–Szegö polynomials and the
q
-integral representation of the
q
-Hermite polynomials as special cases.
In this paper, we derive an expectation formula of a random variable having distribution W(x;q). As applications of the expectation formula, we give a transformation formula and an expansion of ...Searsʼ ϕ23 transformation formula.
Weining cattle is a precious species with high tolerance to cold, disease, and stress, and accounts for a large proportion of agricultural economic output in Guizhou, China. However, there are gaps ...in information about the intestinal flora of Weining cattle. In this study, high-throughput sequencing were employed to analyze the intestinal flora of Weining cattle (WN), Angus cattle (An), and diarrheal Angus cattle (DA), and explore the potential bacteria associated with diarrhea. We collected 18 fecal samples from Weining, Guizhou, including Weining cattle, Healthy Angus, and Diarrheal Angus. The results of intestinal microbiota analysis showed there were no significant differences in intestinal flora diversity and richness among groups (
> 0.05). The abundance of beneficial bacteria (
,
,
, and
) in Weining cattle were significantly higher than in Angus cattle (
< 0.05). The potential pathogens including
and
were enriched in the DA group. Furthermore, the abundance of
was very high in the WN group (
< 0.05), which might explain why Weining cattle are less prone to diarrhea. This is the first report on the intestinal flora of Weining cattle, furthering understanding of the relationship between intestinal flora and health.
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