Quantized vortices play an essential role in diverse superfluid phenomena. In a Bose-Fermi superfluid mixture, especially of two mass-imbalance species, such macroscopic quantum phenomena are ...particularly rich due to the interplay between the Bose and Fermi superfluidity. However, generating a Bose-Fermi two-species superfluid, producing coupled vortex lattices within, and further probing interspecies interaction effects remain challenging. Here, we experimentally realize a two-species superfluid with dilute gases of lithium-6 and potassium-41, having a mass ratio of about seven. By rotating the superfluid mixture, we simultaneously produce coupled vortex lattices of the two species and thus present a definitive visual evidence for the double superfluidity. Moreover, we report several unconventional behaviors, due to the Bose-Fermi interaction, on the formation and decay of two-species vortices.
Cylindrical computer-generated hologram is a promising approach to realize a display with 360°field of view. However, conventional cylindrical hologram employs an inside-out propagation model and ...suffers from two main drawbacks: limited object size and lack of effective reconstructed method. Previously, we proposed to fix these problems using an outside-in propagation model with reversed propagation direction of the inside-out model. We also derived corresponding diffraction calculation formula for the outside-in propagation model. In this work, we investigate a non-constant obliquity factor in the outside-in propagation model, and show that it is the projection of the unit complex amplitude in the propagation direction onto the outer normal of the observation point. We then propose to apply fast Fourier transform to accelerate the convolution operation needed for diffraction calculation. We conducted experiments on inverse diffraction and reconstruction of the cylindrical objects. Very encouraging results demonstrate the validity of this proposed approach.
•Theoretical derivation and physical meaning of obliquity factor in the OIP model.•Using FFT to accelerate the convolution operation needed for diffraction calculation.•Encouraging results of inverse diffraction and reconstruction of cylindrical objects.
Abstract
Aim
To investigate changes in psychological distress in community-dwelling older adults before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the contribution of frailty ...transitions and multimorbidity in predicting the psychological distress.
Methods
Prospective repeated-measures cohort study on a sample of participants aged 60 and over. A total of 2, 785 respondents at the baseline (May 2019) were followed during the COVID-19 (August 2020). The changes in psychological distress before and during the COVID-19 were assessed using generalised estimation equations with adjusting for sex, age, education, economic status, marital status, tea drinking status, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, sedentary time, sleep quality and activities of daily living.
Results
The psychological distress of older people has significantly increased in August 2020 compared with May 2019. Both older adults who remained frail and transitioned into frail state reported more psychological distress during the COVID-19. Similarly, both pre-existing multimorbidity and emerging multimorbidity groups were associated with more psychological distress. The group of frailty progression who reported new emerging multimorbidity showed more increase in psychological distress in comparison with those who remained in the non-frail state who reported no multimorbidity.
Conclusion
Psychological distress has increased among the community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, and sustained and progressive frail states as well as multimorbidity were all associated with a greater increase of psychological distress. These findings suggest that future public health measures should take into account the increased psychological distress among older people during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the assessment of frailty and multimorbidity might help in warning of psychological distress.
This paper presents an electrowetting-actuated multifunctional optofluidic (EAMO) lens to improve the quality of computer-generated holography (CGH). A unique structure of the EAMO lens based on ...electrowetting effect is designed. When the electrodes of the EAMO lens are applied on different voltages, the functions of focal length change and aperture change can be achieved. Then the proposed lens is used in the reproduction system of the CGH due to the multiple functions. The experimental results show that the CGH with zoom function can be realized and undesirable light can be eliminated due to the unique structure of the EAMO lens. The focal length changes can be varied from 11.6 cm to + ∞ and -∞ to -150.6 cm. The aperture size changes can be varied from 10.1 cm to 6.7 cm. By using the proposed EAMO lens, high-quality CGH can be realized without moving the position of any components mechanically, while the setup of the CGH is greatly simplified.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, debilitating, and degenerative joint disease. However, it is difficult for patients with knee OA to access conventional rehabilitation when discharging from the ...hospital. Internet-based rehabilitation is one of the promising telemedicine strategies to provide a means combining monitoring, guidance, and treatment for patients with knee OA.
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis for assessing the effect of internet-based rehabilitation programs on pain and physical function in patients with knee OA.
Keywords related to knee OA and internet-based rehabilitation were systematically searched in the Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Scopus, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), CNKI, SinoMed, and WANFANG databases from January 2000 to April 2020. Only randomized controlled trials were included. The authors independently screened the literature. The main outcome measures were focused on pain and physical function. A meta-analysis was performed on the collected data. Review Manager (RevMan, version 5.3) was used for all analyses.
The systematic review identified 6 randomized controlled trials, 4 of which were included in the meta-analysis, comprising a total of 791 patients with knee OA. The meta-analysis with the fixed-effects model showed that the internet-based rehabilitation programs could significantly alleviate the osteoarthritic pain for patients compared with conventional rehabilitation (standardized mean difference SMD -0.21, 95% CI -0.4 to -0.01, P=.04). No significant difference was found in the improvement of physical function in patients with knee OA compared with conventional rehabilitation within 2 to 12 months (SMD -0.08, 95% CI -0.27 to 0.12, P=.43).
This systematic review shows that internet-based rehabilitation programs could improve the pain but not physical function for patients with knee OA. However, there was a very small number of studies that could be included in the review and meta-analysis. Thus, further studies with large sample sizes are warranted to promote the effectiveness of internet-based rehabilitation and to develop its personalized design.
In this paper, a continuous zoom compound eye imaging system based on liquid lenses is proposed. The main imaging part of the system consists of a liquid compound eye, two liquid lenses and a planar ...image sensor. By adjusting the liquid injection volumes of the liquid compound eye and liquid lenses, the system can realize continuous zoom imaging without any mechanical movement of imaging components. According to the results of experiments, the paraxial magnification of the target can range from ∼0.019× to ∼0.037× at a fixed working distance. Moreover, the system can realize continuous focusing at a fixed paraxial magnification when the working distance ranges from ∼200mm to ∼300mm. Compared with the traditional artificial compound eye imaging systems, the proposed system increases the adjustability and matches the variable image surfaces of the liquid compound eye to a planar image sensor. The aspherical effects of the liquid compound eye and liquid lenses are also considered in the design of the system. The system is expected to be used for imaging in various scenes, such as continuous zoom panoramic imaging, 3D scanning measurement and so on.
CD62L/L-selectin is a marker found on naïve T cells and further distinguishes central memory (Tcm, CD62L+) from effector memory (Tem, CD62L-) T cells. The regulation of CD62L plays a pivotal role in ...controlling the traffic of T lymphocytes to and from peripheral lymph nodes. CD62L is shed from the cell membrane following T cell activation, however, the physiological significance of this event remains to be elucidated. In this study, we utilized in vitro generated anti-tumor antigen T cells and melanoma lines as a model to evaluate the dynamics of CD62L shedding and expression of CD107a as a marker of lytic activity. Upon encounter, with matched tumor lines, antigen reactive T cells rapidly lose CD62L expression and this was associated with the acquisition of CD107a. By CD62L ELISA, we confirmed that this transition was mediated by the shedding of CD62L when T cells encountered specific tumor antigen. The introduction of a shedding resistant mutant of CD62L into the tumor antigen-reactive T cell line JKF6 impaired CD107a acquisition following antigen recognition and this was correlated with decreased lytic activity as measured by (51)Cr release assays. The linkage of the shedding of CD62L from the surface of anti-tumor T cells and acquisition of lytic activity, suggests a new function for CD62L in T cell effector functions and anti-tumor activity.
This study aimed to determine the effect of initial pH and temperature on whey protein gel formation via the Maillard reaction, including changes in gel structure, rheological and texture properties. ...The color changes in the whey protein and glucose gels were not significant with increasing heat temperature. High temperature and alkaline conditions promoted exposure to hydrophobic groups such as –SH, which accelerated protein aggregation and gel formation. Moreover, the increased particle size and additional hydrophobic groups contributed to higher elastic modulus (G′) in the whey protein gel. Fluorescence measurements revealed that more tryptophan on the protein surface decreased with increasing temperature, which indicated that exposure to tryptophan could increase the hydrophobicity of the protein gels. Whey proteins formed stronger, gummier, more elastic, and more cohesive gels at 70 ℃ under initial pH 9 conditions, which also increased with the addition of fructose.
GMZ bentonite has been selected as a potential material for the construction of engineered barrier in the Chinese program of geological nuclear waste disposal, for its high montmorillonite content, ...high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and large specific surface etc. Studies on mineralogy and chemical composition, mechanical properties, hydraulic behavior, swelling behavior, thermal conductivity, microstructure and volume change behavior of GMZ bentonite were performed from 1980s. Based on a review of the former studies, achievements on experimental and theoretic results obtained on compacted GMZ bentonite specimens including basic properties, thermal, hydraulic and mechanical behaviors are presented in this paper. Results show the thermal conductivity of GMZ bentonite and the bentonite-based mixtures influenced by its dry density, water content, mixture of other materials and degree of saturation etc. Water retention capacity of highly-compacted GMZ bentonite decreases as the temperature increases under confined and unconfined conditions. The hysteretic behavior in the water retention curves of the compacted GMZ bentonite is not so significant at 20 or 40
°C. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted GMZ bentonite under unconfined conditions is higher than that of under confined conditions. This is possibly induced by the difference in the mechanism of microstructural changes during hydration under different confining conditions. The compaction curves for GMZ bentonite with different dry densities are clearly step-phased. And the optimum water content for GMZ bentonite is about 15%. An exponential relationship between swelling pressure and dry density of highly-compacted GMZ bentonite was determined for the prediction of swelling pressure. Furthermore, the void ratio after swelling for unconfined sample also can be predicted using diffuse double layer (DDL) theory.
► The thermal conductivity of compacted GMZ bentonite and the bentonite-based mixtures increase as the dry density and water content increase; for the same water content and dry density, the thermal conductivity of the mixture is higher than that of pure bentonite. When the saturation is higher than 20%, there is a linear relationship between the thermal conductivity and the saturation. ► The water retention capacity of compacted GMZ bentonite decreases as the temperature increases, regardless of confining conditions. At a certain temperature, the constraint conditions have little influence on the water retention capacity of the compacted bentonite at high suction, but the water retention capacity of the confined specimen is lower than that of the unconfined specimen at low suction. ► For the same suction, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted GMZ bentonite under unconfined conditions is higher than that of under confined conditions. ► The dry density of GMZ bentonite increases when the compaction pressure increases, but the increase slows sharply when the compaction pressure is higher than 30 MPa. The optimum water content for GMZ bentonite is about 15%. ► The problems related to the influence of temperature on the behavior of the GMZ bentonite, the migration law of radionuclide in compacted bentonite and sealing properties of the GMZ bentonite-based materials under T-H-M-C coupled conditions, etc., should be the key issues to be explored in the future.
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