Smart luminescent materials with tangible and reversible responses to external stimuli have gained popularity for multiple applications. However, impracticable stimuli and less adaptability render ...them unfit for real‐life applications. Here, a proton competitive binding‐based molecular system is reported, which demonstrates, both in solution and solid state, remarkable responses toward light illumination and temperature variation. Small change in solvent composition could result in remarkable variation in measurable temperature range at least from −80 to 60 °C. Combination of light illumination and temperature change enables multilevel anti‐counterfeiting, as well as construction of easy‐to‐use and high‐resolution liquid thermometers. The key components in the concerned molecular system are a newly designed fluorophore, NI‐CBN, a four‐coordinated boron derivative of naphthalimide (NI), and an organic fluoride salt that is tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF). Reaction between NI‐CBN and TBAF yields a dynamic fluorophore, NI‐CBN‐F, which shows remarkable color change to the stimuli via proton migration between the imine group in NI‐CBN and the fluoride anion of the salt. Such responses enable the aforementioned advanced anti‐counterfeiting and visible temperature monitoring.
An imine proton‐competitive binding‐based molecular system that depicts remarkable mild‐stimuli (e.g., small temperature change, humidity variation, light illumination) responsiveness with fast and sharp color changes is developed. The excellent stimuli responsiveness promotes to explore the various potential applications in the field of visual temperature sensing and high‐security anti‐counterfeiting.
Mild fetal ventriculomegaly (VM) is a nonspecific finding common to several pathologies with varying prognosis and is, therefore, a challenge in fetal consultation. We aimed to perform a constant, ...detailed analysis of prenatal findings and postnatal outcomes in fetuses with early-onset and late-onset mild ventriculomegaly, and provide a new evidence basis and new perspective for prenatal counseling.
This is a retrospective cohort study of women with a diagnosis of mild fetal VM between January 2018 and October 2020. The population was divided into two groups according to the gestational ages (GAs) at initial diagnosis: the early-onset group (diagnosed at/before 24
weeks) and the late-onset group (diagnosed after 24
weeks). Clinical data and pregnancy outcomes were obtained from hospital records. The children's neurodevelopment status was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3) and telephone interviews.
Our study cohort comprised 324 fetuses, out of which 94 (29%) were classified as early-onset group and 230 (71%) late-onset group. Early-onset group was more likely to have concurrent additional abnormalities, whereas in the late-onset group, isolated enlargement was more common (P = 0.01). Unilateral enlargement was more common in the late-onset group (P = 0.05), and symmetrical enlargement in the early-onset group (P < 0.01). In addition, early-onset mild VM cases were more likely to have intrauterine progression (P = 0.03), and many had a higher proportion of complex multisystem abnormalities. Compared with the late-onset group, the early-onset group was more often associated with congenital brain structure malformations. Approximately 11% of fetuses with mild VM had postnatal neurodevelopmental delay/disorders, and the risk was higher in the early-onset group (19.4% vs. 7.4%). Regression analysis showed that the GA at first diagnosis, non-isolated, and intrauterine progression significantly correlated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
Early-onset and late-onset mild VM had significantly different ultrasound features and outcomes. Early-onset mild VM may have more complex potential abnormalities and are more likely to predict poor prognosis than the late-onset.
Apoptosis of DA neurons is a contributing cause of disability and death for Parkinson's disease (PD). In this experiment, the neuroprotective effect of Tricetin was examined in PD models both in ...vitro and in vivo. The results suggested that 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity was accompanied by an increase in ROS generation, an increase in caspase-3 protein activity, an increase in Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, but the pretreatment with Tricetin significantly improved cell viability and suppressed mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, Tricetin also induced the protein expression of Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and its transcriptional activation, resulting in the up-regulated expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which conferred neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-induced oxidative damage. Results from molecular docking indicated that Tricetin could be a potent competitive inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 Protein Protein Interaction (PPI). Finally, in vivo findings were confirmed in the 6-OHDA-PD C. elegans model. Thus, Tricetin may be an attractive therapeutic candidate for the neuroprotection.
•Tricetin might be a good candidate against Parkinson's Disease.•Tricetin reduced cell apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.•Tricetin activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to protect cells from oxidative stress.•Tricetin ameliorated stress resistance and prolonged the life of C. elegans.•Tricetin possessed the protective effect on dopamine neurons of C. elegans.
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is dynamically regulated by intertwined superoxide anion (O2−)-peroxynitrite (ONOO−) cascaded molecules. Arginase 1 involves in O2−/ONOO− fluctuations and is ...strongly connected to IR injury. A few probes have been innovated to measure intracellular O2− or ONOO− by fluorescent imaging separately, but revealing the definite link of O2−, ONOO− and arginase 1 in situ remains unidentified in hepatic IR. Thus, a well-designed dual-color two-photon fluorescence probe (CyCA) was created for the in situ real-time detection of O2−-ONOO−. Surprisingly, CyCA exhibited a suitable combination of high specificity, preeminent sensitivity, exclusive mitochondria-targeting and fast-response. On the basis of remarkable advantages, we successfully applied CyCA to visualize endogenous O2− and ONOO− in living cells and mice. The synergistic elevation of mitochondrial O2−-ONOO− in IR mice was observed for the first time. Furthermore, three tyrosine nitration-sites in arginase 1 caused by ONOO− were identified in proteomic analysis, which was never reported previously. Attractively, nitro-modified arginase 1 could further promote ONOO− formation, ultimately exacerbating the intracellular redox imbalance and IR injury. These new findings decipher direct molecular links of O2−-ONOO−-arginase 1, and suggest effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of IR injury.
We developed a dual-color two-photon fluorescence probe CyCA for the in situ real-time detection of mitochondrial O2−-ONOO−, revealing that nitration of arginase 1 aggravated IR injury. Display omitted
This paper introduces a novel approach called Chebyshev mapping and strongly connected topology for optimization of echo state network (ESN). To enhance the predictive performance of ESNs for time ...series data, Chebyshev mapping is employed to optimize the irregular input weight matrix. And the reservoir of the ESN is also replaced using an adjacency matrix derived from a digital chaotic system, resulting in a reservoir with strong connectivity properties. Numerical experiments are conducted on various time series datasets, including the Mackey–Glass time series, Lorenz time series and solar sunspot numbers, validating the effectiveness of the proposed optimization methods. Compared with the traditional ESNs, the optimization method proposed in this paper has higher predictive performance, and effectively reduce the reservoir’s size and model complexity.
Glioma is one of the most common primary brain tumors. Gambogic acid (GA) is widely used in tumor chemotherapy. However, GA has poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and difficult permeability ...across the blood–brain barrier (BBB), leading to poor efficacy against brain tumors. In our study, we developed negatively charged GA-loaded PLGA nanobubbles GA/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and conjugated them onto the surface of cationic lipid microbubbles (CMBs) through electrostatic interactions. The resulting GA/PLGA–CMB complex was characterized for its particle size, distribution, drug encapsulation efficiency, and ultrasound imaging property, revealing a high drug encapsulation efficiency and excellent contrast imaging capability. Importantly, significantly enhanced GA delivery into the brain could be observed after the intravenous administration of GA/PLGA–CMBs combined with low-intensity focused ultrasound (FUS) due to the cavitation from CMBs, which mediated blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening. Taking advantage of the opened BBB, GA/PLGA nanobubbles could be delivered into the tumor. Then, the second FUS irradiation at higher energy was used to induce the cavitation of GA/PLGA nanobubbles, producing the second cavitation on tumor cells, significantly enhancing the ability of GA to enter tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth inhibition efficacy.
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In this study, the corrosion behavior of Q235 carbon steel, 09CuPTiRE weathering steel and X60 pipeline steel after 20 years exposure in "zero" pollution atmosphere environment was investigated by ...corrosion rate analysis, macroscopic observation, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, white light interferometers and electrochemical analysis were conducted to analyze. The results showed that the corrosion rate of the three kinds of steels increases first and then decreases with time, and the results indicated that the empirical formula D=Atn was suitable for corrosion kinetics of three materials, and the three kinds of steels all form a relatively dense rust layer, which can effectively protect the metal matrix, inhibit the corrosion process and reduce the rate of corrosion. Under the same exposure time and the same corrosion conditions, the corrosion degree of the three materials is: X60 pipeline steel > Q235 Carbon steel >09CuPTiRE Weathering steel, three kinds of steel corrosion products are the same, only α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH exist in the rust layer, and the relative content of α-FeOOH is more than γ-FeOOH of each steel in both skyward side and fieldward sides. X60 Pipeline steel has the worst corrosion resistance, and 09CuPTiRE weathering steel has the best corrosion resistance, so 09CuPTiRE weathering steel has better adaptability to this environment.
ObjectivesDifferent countries and institutions around the world have debated whether lactating women should receive the COVID-19 vaccine during the COVID-19 pandemic. In China, lactating is not a ...contraindication to vaccination, but many women are still hesitant to get vaccinated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of COVID-19 vaccination among lactating women and the related factors affecting vaccination.MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey involving 506 lactating women was conducted in southern China. We explored the related factors affecting COVID-19 vaccination of lactating women from three aspects: general information, knowledge–attitude–behaviour towards COVID-19 and its vaccine, and postpartum psychological state.ResultsA total of 432 lactating women completed the questionnaire, 198 of whom had received the COVID-19 vaccine. On the knowledge–attitude–behaviour questionnaire on COVID-19 and its vaccines, the vaccinated group scored higher than the unvaccinated group on both the three subdimensions of the questionnaire and the total score (p<0.01). The results of binary logistics regression analysis showed that mixed feeding (OR=2.68, 95% CI: 1.82 to 3.96), longer breastfeeding duration (OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.49), better physical condition (OR=5.28, 95% CI: 1.82 to 15.32), higher attitude score of COVID-19 and its vaccine (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.27), and having a travel history in medium high-risk areas (OR=3.49, 95% CI: 1.46 to 8.37) were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccination in lactating women. Having a master’s degree or above (OR=0.03, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.30), and having higher anxiety score (OR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.81) and depression score (OR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.75 to 0.93) were inversely associated with COVID-19 vaccination in lactating women.Conclusion45.8% of lactating women were vaccinated against COVID-19. Education level, feeding methods, duration of breast feeding, travel history in medium high-risk areas, physical condition, attitude score of COVID-19 and its vaccine, anxiety symptom and depressive symptom score were associated with vaccination of lactating women. More interventions based on these factors were needed to reduce concerns for lactating women and increase their vaccination rates.
